Download or read book Protecting the Environment When Costs and Benefits are Privately Known written by Tracy R. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this survey I analyze different approaches for protecting the environment when stakeholders are privately informed about the costs and benefits of pollution reduction. The presence of asymmetric information calls for some important departures from the textbook prescriptions of marketable permits and emission taxes for controlling pollution. For instance, it may no longer be optimal to equate the social marginal benefits to the marginal cost of cleanup in determining appropriate abatement levels. I conclude this review with some suggestions for future research in this area.
Download or read book Efficiency in Environmental Regulation written by Ralph A. Luken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A management agency --such as a publicly or privately owned electric utility -- must, if it is to be efficient in carrying out its day-to-day tasks, have a means of monitoring its performance to assess the efficiency of its operations and the effectiveness of its planning. For example, how did the demand for electricity compare with that assumed in planning? How effective were the incentives applied to induce energy conservation by users? Such ex post analyses are essential for improving the planning process and hence for improving decisions with respect to efficiency and resource allocation. Unfortunately, it seems to be very difficult for public agencies to make such ex post evaluations an integral part of agency activities, whether the agencies are "producers," e. g. , the Corps of Engineers or the Bureau of Reclamation with respect to water resources management, or are regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency or the Food and Drug Administration. Here and there a few ex post analyses of agency programs have been done, but rarely by the responsible agency itself. These analyses have attempted to compare the results actually achieved with the results estimated in planning, either in terms of project outputs or in terms of effectiveness of regulatory and/or economic incentives in inducing desired changes in behavior.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis and Environmental Regulations written by Daniel Swartzman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retaking Rationality written by Richard L. Revesz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That America's natural environment has been degraded and despoiled over the past 25 years is beyond dispute. Nor has there been any shortage of reasons why-short-sighted politicians, a society built on over-consumption, and the dramatic weakening of environmental regulations. In Retaking Rationality, Richard L. Revesz and Michael A. Livermore argue convincingly that one of the least understood-and most important-causes of our failure to protect the environment has been a misguided rejection of reason. The authors show that environmentalists, labor unions, and other progressive groups have declined to participate in the key governmental proceedings concerning the cost-benefit analysis of federal regulations. As a result of this vacuum, industry groups have captured cost-benefit analysis and used it to further their anti-regulatory ends. Beginning in 1981, the federal Office of Management and Budget and the federal courts have used cost-benefit analysis extensively to determine which environmental, health, and safety regulations are approved and which are sent back to the drawing board. The resulting imbalance in political participation has profoundly affected the nation's regulatory and legal landscape. But Revesz and Livermore contend that economic analysis of regulations is necessary and that it needn't conflict with-and can in fact support-a more compassionate approach to environmental policy. Indeed, they show that we cannot give up on rationality if we truly want to protect our natural environment. Retaking Rationality makes clear that by embracing and reforming cost-benefit analysis, and by joining reason and compassion, progressive groups can help enact strong environmental and public health regulation.
Download or read book Pollution and Property written by Daniel H. Cole and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-18 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental protection and resource conservation depend on the imposition of property rights (broadly defined) because in the absence of some property system - private, common, or public - resource degradation and depletion are inevitable. But there is no universal, first-best property regime for environmental protection in this second-best world. Using case studies and examples taken from countries around the world, this 2002 book demonstrates that the choice of ownership institution is contingent upon institutional, technological, and ecological circumstances that determine the differential costs of instituting, implementing, and maintaining alternative regimes. Consequently, environmental protection is likely to be more effective and more efficient in a society that relies on multiple (and often mixed) property regimes. The book concludes with an assessment of the important contemporary issue of 'takings', which arise when different property regimes collide.
Download or read book Environmental Protection Public or Private Choice written by D.J. Kraan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the result of a collective effort made by its authors to reason and write about environmental policy from an empirical, rather than from a prescriptive perspective. Since the authors, like most people, care about the environment and, as professional economists or political scientists, have some expertise to offer in the area of policy-design, it was not always easy for them to keep on the intended track. Whereas they knew that it is unusual to follow a strictly empirical approach in such a 'practical' field as environmental policy, they discovered only during the effort what kind of difficulties would be encountered. Moreover, they learned that it is sometimes necessary to reason normatively in order to catch essential features of empirical reality. As it turns out, moral notions cannot entirely be neglected in political life. The predominance of homo economicus is not absolute. We feel that the effort has been worthwile and deserves to be repeated and expanded. It has been a truly co-operative project and we are very grateful to all authors for their willingness to contribute. Special gratitude we owe to Frans van Nispen and Annemarie Rima. Frans van Nispen has assisted us in every conceivable way during the preparation of this book.
Download or read book Leveraging the Private Sector written by Cary Coglianese and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leveraging the Private Sector offers the first sustained analysis of public and private sector initiatives designed to encourage firms and industries to use their own management expertise to improve their environmental performance. Cary Coglianese and Jennifer Nash bring together original empirical studies by the nation?s leading experts on recent public and private sector experiments. Do management-based strategies lead to improved environmental outcomes? What kinds of strategies hold the most promise? Leveraging the Private Sector addresses these questions through studies of state pollution prevention planning laws, private sector purchasing requirements, and federal risk management regulations, among others. The contributors show that efforts to leverage private sector experience and knowledge can have a distinctive contribution in the future of environmental protection. Ultimately, a firm's broader management practices shape its environmental performance. Public and private sector strategies that seek to influence these practices directly can help bring about further environmental improvements. This book breaks new ground by investigating a new and promising approach for advancing the economy and the environment.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis of Environmental Change written by Per-Olov Johansson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-08-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an advanced text in applied welfare economics and its application to environmental economics. The author goes far beyond the existing literature, deriving sets of rules that can be used to assess the social benefits and costs of private and public sector projects that affect the environment. Drawing on a number of empirical illustrations, this book will be of interest not only to those taking advanced courses in environmental economics, welfare economics, and public economics, but also as a reference for those undertaking project evaluations in government and business.
Download or read book Valuing Health Risks Costs and Benefits for Environmental Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting the Environment and the Poor written by Gunnar S. Eskeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Economics written by Joseph J. Seneca and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1979 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Benefits of Environmental Policy written by Klaus Dieter John and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental policy may produce effects which go beyond the scope of the specific policy’s initial aim. Reforestation, for example, generates positive benefits not only in the shape of climate protection but also in the shape of the combat of biodiversity loss and it may also raise the attractiveness of a region for tourists. There are several examples of environmental policies, generating initially unintended co-effects. These co-effects are not always positive, of course. This book addresses the wide range of (co-)effects associated with environmental policies which may increase or decrease the attractiveness of these policies. Therefore, the book’s scope goes beyond the standard economic analyses, which regularly postulate a specific cause-and-effect chain. The complexity and wide range of benefits is investigated from different perspectives and by means of different methodologies. Among the environmental policies discussed are climate mitigation policies as well as adaptation policies. The inclusion of all relevant effects of environmental policy (and therefore not only of the primarily intended effects) tends to have a strong impact on the efficient policy design. The areas which are covered by the book will be of great interest mainly for economists (environmental economics, ecological economics), ecologists and political scientists as well as practitioners, scientists and policy makers.
Download or read book Valuing Clean Air written by Charles Halvorson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The passage of the Clean Air Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 marked a sweeping transformation in American politics. In a few short years, the environmental movement pushed Republican and Democratic elected officials to articulate a right to clean air as part of a bevy of new federal guarantees. Charged with delivering on those promises, the EPA represented a bold assertion that the federal government had a responsibility to protect the environment, the authority to command private business to reduce their pollution, and the capacity to dictate how they did so. In Valuing Clean Air, Charles Halvorson examines how the environmental concern that propelled the Clean Air Act and the EPA coincided with economic convulsions that shook the liberal state to its core. Business groups, public interest organizations, think tanks, and a host of other actors, including Ralph Nader, wasted little time after the EPA's creation in identifying and trying to pull the new levers of power. As powerful businesses pressed to roll back regulations, elected officials from both political parties questioned whether the nation could keep its environmental promises. In response, the EPA's staff and leadership practiced a politics of the possible, adopting a monetized approach to environmental value that shielded the agency's rulemaking but sat at odds with environmentalist notions of natural rights and contributed to the elevation of economics as the language and logic of policy. As Halvorson demonstrates, environmental protection came to serve as a central battleground in larger debates over markets, government, and public welfare. For anyone who has wondered where cap and trade came from and how environmental activists came to discuss wetlands protection, air pollution, and fracking in the language of cost-benefit analysis, Valuing Clean Air provides an insightful look at a half-century of the making of US environmental policy.
Download or read book The Incremental Costs of Global Environmental Benefits written by Kenneth King and published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank. This book was released on 1993 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINCE (Program for Measuring Incremental Costs for the Environment) was initiated in February 1993. It covers methodological studies, field tests, and dissemination related to the technical issues of incremental cost. This paper addresses the need for decision-makers to familiarize themselves with the issues related to incremental costs and global environmental benefits that will shape policies and strategies for financing actions to protect the global environment.
Download or read book Targeting Economic Incentives for Environmental Protection written by Albert L. Nichols and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1984 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book makes a major and original contribution to the "incentives vs. standards" debate by showing how different targets (the points at which incentives are applied) affect the ability of regulation to provide environmental protection at lowest possible cost.
Download or read book Valuing the Environment Methodological and Measurement Issues written by Rüdiger Pethig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades, environmental economics as a science has been very successful in improving our understanding of environment-economy interdepen dence. Using conventional economic methodology, environmental aspects have been explicitly incorporated into economic models making use of the concept of externality. This concept was already familiar to economists long before evidence of severe environmental deterioration found its way into the headlines and peo ple's awareness. But before that time, external effects were not considered as being empirically very relevant, they seemed to be -like the example of the bees and the fruit trees - somewhat bucolic in nature. All that changed dramatically when it was no longer possible (or easy) to ignore the large-scale environmental disruption with its negative feedback on consumers and producers caused by growing pollution and excessive use of environmental resources. In diagnosing the discrepancy between private and social cost as the cause of the problem, the externality paradigm proved very useful. The correct diagnosis implies the straightforward cure to internalise all external cost, namely the damage cost of pollution. But it is one thing to identify the qualitative nature of the problem at an abstract conceptual level and quite another thing to place specific money values on pollution damage and society's valuation of the environment, respectively, in the context of specific pollution (control) problems. Very often it is controversial not only how inefficient the no-policy situation is but also what exactly the net benefit of any public action of reducing pollution is.
Download or read book Cost Benefit Analysis and the Environment Recent Developments written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-30 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth assessment of the most recent conceptual and methodological developments in cost-benefit analysis and the environment.
