Download or read book Properties of Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Used in Cadmium Telluride cadmium Sulfide Solar Cell written by Xiawa Wu and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CdTe/CdS solar cell is one of the promising low cost high efficiency thin film solar cells. In this work, thin film CdS properties and the effect of CdS surface conditions on CdTe growth and performance of polycrystalline CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells are investigated. Thin film CdS optical, structural and chemical properties both as deposited and after CdCl 2 heat treatment are measured. CdS surface chemical state is studied by analyzing its surface chemistry after different surface treatments. Qualitative and quantitative measurements indicate sulfate and sulfite phases on thin film CdS surfaces as well as single crystal CdS, caused by oxidation in the air. The degree of CdS oxidation is highly dependent on thermal treatment ambient, temperature and time. Results indicate reduction in grain size and smoother morphology for CdTe deposited on heavily oxidized CdS compared to chemically reduced CdS surface. Solar cell open circuit voltage is much lower on cells with heavily oxidized CdS surface.

Download or read book Properties of Thin Film Amorphous Cadmium Sulfide Cadmium Selenide and Cadmium Telluride Electrodeposited on Platinum Substrates written by Yi-Chyi Wu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells written by J. C. Schaefer and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and development of a large area CdS, vacuum evaporated, thin film, flexible, lightweight, front wall solar cell was continued in an effort to improve the performance characteristics. Efficiencies were increased to a maximum of 5.1%. Power to weight ratios of 15 watts per pound are normal with 30 as a maximum. An upgrading procedure for low efficiency cells was developed. Test panels were submitted for a 30 day orbital space flight evaluation. Electron damage experiments indicate little effect on the CdS solar cells. X-ray techniques have been used to photograph dislocations in single crystal CdS. Current-voltage curves and spectral response data analyses resulted in a one-trap model of the CdS photovoltaic cell. (Author).

Download or read book Coatings and Thin Film Technologies written by Jaime Andres Perez Taborda and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of coatings and thin-film technologies is rapidly advancing to keep up with new uses for semiconductor, optical, tribological, thermoelectric, solar, security, and smart sensing applications, among others. In this sense, thin-film coatings and structures are increasingly sophisticated with more specific properties, new geometries, large areas, the use of heterogeneous materials and flexible and rigid coating substrates to produce thin-film structures with improved performance and properties in response to new challenges that the industry presents. This book aims to provide the reader with a complete overview of the current state of applications and developments in thin-film technology, discussing applications, health and safety in thin films, and presenting reviews and experimental results of recognized experts in the area of coatings and thin-film technologies.

Download or read book Effects of Thermal shock Cycling on Thin film Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells written by John J. Smithrick and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal-shock cycling of Kapton, copper, and molybdenum substrate thin-film cadmium sulfide solar cells was conducted by alternately heating the cells between two heater plates and dipping them into liquid nitrogen.

Download or read book Effect of Load Voltage on Thin film Cuprous Sulfide Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells Thermally Cycled in a Simulated Space Environment written by John J. Smithrick and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film Cu2S-CdS solar cells, loaded at various fixed values of load resistance, were thermally cycled for 1429 cycles in a simulated space environment. Cell performance was measured under controlled conditions in air before and after thermal cycling. These data were used to determine the effect of load voltage on cell performance. The performance of the cells was relatively independent of load voltage up to about 0.39 volt. This appears to be a threshold voltage, beyond which there was a significant loss in cell performance. Fortunately, this threshold voltage appears to be sufficiently higher than the maximum power voltage of 0.33 volt so that it can be avoided in most applications.

Download or read book Shorting Path Mode of Degradation in Copper Sulfide Cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Efficiency Ultra Thin Cadmium Telluride CdTe Solar Cells written by Nowshad Amin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film cadmium telluride absorbers with cadmium sulphide hetero-junction partner are promising candidates for high efficiency low cost solutions of solar energy harvesting devices. These devices have band gaps well-suited for effective absorption of sunlight. Most importantly, the materials used in these devices can be deposited in a variety of industry-friendly ways, so that the cost associated with manufacturing is generally lower than other available technologies. Although poly-crystalline CdS has been found to be the best suited heterojunction partner for CdTe solar cell, the conventional polycrystalline CdS/CdTe cell has few issues that limit device performance. In order to overcome these problems, this study proposes the introduction of poly-CdS to amorphous oxygenated CdS (a-CdS: O) as window layer. The a-CdS: O window material has higher optical band gap (2.5-3.1 eV), better lattice match with CdTe absorber materials and reduced inter-diffusion tendency of CdS and CdTe layers. This book systematically demonstrates the conversion process of poly CdS to a-CdS: O and develops a strategy for the fabrication of suitable a-CdS: O layer to be applied in CdTe solar ce

Download or read book Characterization of Electrical Properties of Thin film Solar Cells written by Rasha A. Awni and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells have attracted great attention because of the demand for low cost renewable energy sources. Detailed information on electronic properties, such as doping, defects, gap states...etc, must be fully understood to develop the technology of solar cells. Here, we report the fundamental electronic properties of two distinct materials systems, one is based on polycrystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) and the other is lead-halide perovskite solar cells. This investigation provides useful information to understand the fundamental nature of single junction solar cell device and material. First, we investigate the impact of back surface treatment method for cadmium sulfide (CdS)/CdTe solar cells using hydroiodic acid (HI) etching to provide an appropriate electrical back contact. The structural properties of CdTe films and electrical properties of the CdTe absorber and interfaces are characterized. Using capacitance-based techniques with the support of current-voltage measurements, we show that the barrier height of the back contact is reduced, apparent doping concentration is increased, and a defect level at 0.409eV is eliminated after the HI-treatment. More importantly, the CdTe device performance is improved. This improvement is still limited by many factors. One factor is the device window layer that limits the current generation. Therefore, we replaced CdS layer by wide bandgap material, ZnMgO (ZMO). We noticed that the electrical properties of CdS/CdTe and ZMO/CdTe solar cells depend on both buffer material and the fabrication atmosphere. Using capacitance spectroscopy-based techniques, we show that CdS/CdTe solar cells have negligible front contact barriers regardless of the fabrication atmospher, while ZMO/CdTe devices show obvious front barriers are dependent on the fabrication atmosphere. Both CdS/CdTe and ZMO/CdTe solar cells have significant back contact barriers. Additionally, we find that the energy level of defects in CdS/CdTe cells is shallower than in ZMO/CdTe cells. These results provide deep insights for understanding and optimizing the performance of CdTe thin-film solar cells. Then, we explored the electrical properties of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that can be deduced by capacitance-based techniques, such as defect activation energy and density, carrier concentration, and dielectric constant. However, we find that these techniques cannot reliably be used to characterize the properties of the defects in the perovskite layer or at its interface. We find that the high-frequency capacitance signature is due to the response of charge carriers in the hole-transport layer (HTL), not in the perovskite layer. In HTL-free PSCs, from the capacitance spectra at high-frequency, the geometric capacitance can be determined and can be used to calculate the dielectric constant of perovskite layers. We also find an overlapping effect with the charge transport layers at the low-frequency capacitance signature in planner PSCs, thus, it cannot be used to analyze the defect properties. However, in the inverted structure PSCs, the low-frequency capacitance signature can be used to calculate the activation energy of the ionic conductivity of the perovskite layer.

Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.

Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cell S written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals Of Solar Cells written by Alan Fahrenbruch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Solar Cells: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion provides an introduction to the fundamental physical principles of solar cells. It aims to promote the expansion of solar photovoltaics from relatively small and specialized use to a large-scale contribution to energy supply. The book begins with a review of basic concepts such as the source of energy, the role of photovoltaic conversion, the development of photovoltaic cells, and sequence of phenomena involved in solar power generation. This is followed by separate chapters on each of the processes that take place in solar cell. These include solar input; properties of semiconductors; recombination and the flow of photogenerated carriers; charge separation and the characteristics of junction barriers; and calculation of solar efficiency. Subsequent chapters deal with the operation of specific solar cell devices such as a single-crystal homojunction (Si); a single-crystal-heterojunction/buried-homojunction (AlGaAs/GaAs); and a polycrystalline, thin-film cell (CuxS/CdS). This book is intended for upper-level graduate students who have a reasonably good understanding of solid state physics and for scientists and engineers involved in research and development of solar cells.

Download or read book Thermal Cycling and Heat Damage Tests of Thin film Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells written by John G. Ewashinka and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells written by F. A. Shirland and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Progress in the Development of High Efficiency Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells written by A.M. Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film photovoltaic cells of cadmium sulfide/copper sulfide have been developed and optimized for specific cell designs. The optimization has been achieved by changing material parameters and the technology of the electrical contacts as dictated by detailed analyses of loss mechanisms in the cells. Additional design changes are needed to further increase the energy conversion efficiency in direct sunlight beyond the present value of8.5%. The application of analytic techniques to specific cell designs is responsible for the improvements achieved to date, and it is expected to lead to a basic cadmium sulfide/copper sulfide cell with an efficiency over10%.It is anticipated that the application of similar analytic techniques to a modified cell of cadmium -zinc sulfide/copper sulfide, coupled with constant interplay between theoretical and experimental results will lead to an energy conversion efficiency in direct sunlight of up to 14%.The material properties and electro-optical characteristics of the present high efficiency CdS/Cu2S cells and initial results using the mixed cadmium zinc sulfide will be presented. This paper describes the analysis driven technology innovations which have led to the development of reproducible thin film cadmium sulfide solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies in direct sunlight of greater than 8.5%. A photovoltaic effect in CdS was first reported by Reynolds for a junction made by depositing a thin film of copper on a cadmium sulfide film (1). Later work established that the actual junction was between CdS and Cu2S (2). A substantial number of research efforts have since been conducted on this photovoltaic heterojunction and although some variation exists, cells have generally been made by reacting a vapor deposited cadmium sulfide film with a cuprous ion solution. A major research effort aimed towards space applications was conducted during the 1960's (3,4).These and many other investigators have reported conversion efficiencies in sunlight of between 5 and 6% with a limited number reporting efficiencies up to 70. Thin film cells with energy conversion efficiencies of7.8% when measured in direct sunlight were recently reported (5,6). The methodology and experiments which lead to the further development of 8.5%CdS/Cu2S cells follows.

Download or read book Effect of Cell Vintage and Certain Testing Procedures on Degradation of Cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by Thomas M. Klucher and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: