Download or read book Understanding Moral Obligation written by Robert Stern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many histories of modern ethics, Kant is supposed to have ushered in an anti-realist or constructivist turn by holding that unless we ourselves 'author' or lay down moral norms and values for ourselves, our autonomy as agents will be threatened. In this book, Robert Stern challenges the cogency of this 'argument from autonomy', and claims that Kant never subscribed to it. Rather, it is not value realism but the apparent obligatoriness of morality that really poses a challenge to our autonomy: how can this be accounted for without taking away our freedom? The debate the book focuses on therefore concerns whether this obligatoriness should be located in ourselves (Kant), in others (Hegel) or in God (Kierkegaard). Stern traces the historical dialectic that drove the development of these respective theories, and clearly and sympathetically considers their merits and disadvantages; he concludes by arguing that the choice between them remains open.
Download or read book The Second Person Standpoint written by Stephen Darwall and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why should we avoid doing moral wrong? The inability of philosophy to answer this question in a compelling manner—along with the moral skepticism and ethical confusion that ensue—result, Stephen Darwall argues, from our failure to appreciate the essentially interpersonal character of moral obligation. After showing how attempts to vindicate morality have tended to change the subject—falling back on non-moral values or practical, first-person considerations—Darwall elaborates the interpersonal nature of moral obligations: their inherent link to our responsibilities to one another as members of the moral community. As Darwall defines it, the concept of moral obligation has an irreducibly second-person aspect; it presupposes our authority to make claims and demands on one another. And so too do many other central notions, including those of rights, the dignity of and respect for persons, and the very concept of person itself. The result is nothing less than a fundamental reorientation of moral theory that enables it at last to account for morality’s supreme authority—an account that Darwall carries from the realm of theory to the practical world of second-person attitudes, emotions, and actions.
Download or read book Proof of Moral Obligation in Twentieth century Philosophy written by Paul Allen and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1988 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Plato's time, philosophers have concentrated on developing moral theories to guide our actions. They have said we ought to act to maximize happiness; we ought to act to fulfill human potential; etc. But all of them have largely ignored a key question: Regardless of which acts are morally obligatory, can moral obligation as such be proven? Early in his book, Allen clarifies what sort of demonstration or justification can suffice as a proof that we are subject to moral obligation. He analyzes some twentieth-century ethical theories which initially appear to serve as such a demonstration. Next, he examines at length the theory of contemporary English philosopher R.M. Hare. And finally, he reworks Hare's ideas into a complete proof that we are bound by moral obligation. Philosophers should value this book because it brings to light and defines a neglected but critical problem, and develops an innovative, thought-provoking solution. Serious students, too, will find it helpful because it provides a clearly written historical study of a central theme in twentieth-century ethics.
Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics written by Daniel C. Russell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the history, future and contemporary application of virtue ethics.
Download or read book An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals written by David Hume and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kant s Defense of Common Moral Experience written by Jeanine Grenberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that everything important about Kant's moral philosophy emerges from common human experience of the conflict between happiness and morality.
Download or read book A Secular Age written by Charles Taylor and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-17 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The place of religion in society has changed profoundly in the last few centuries, particularly in the West. In what will be a defining book for our time, Taylor takes up the question of what these changes mean, and what, precisely, happens when a society becomes one in which faith is only one human possibility among others.
Download or read book Actions and Other Events written by Karl Pfeifer and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1989 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How many things did the gunman do? Is his pulling of the trigger the same as his killing of the victim? Or are these two different actions or events? Such questions are at the heart of the dispute between «unifiers» and «multipliers» over the individuation of actions and events. In this study Karl Pfeifer defends the unifying approach of G.E.M. Anscombe and Donald Davidson against the criticisms and rival views of Alvin I. Goldman and others. Along the way, the discussion touches on a variety of problems concerning causality, time, explanation, language, ontology, and identity. What finally emerges is a clearer picture of the nature of criteria of identity and individuation for actions and events than has been available to date.
Download or read book The Science of Right in Leibniz s Moral and Political Philosophy written by Christopher Johns and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of Gottfried Leibniz's moral and political philosophy typically focus on metaphysical perfection, happiness, or love. In this new reading of Leibniz, Christopher Johns shows that it is based on a 'science of right'. Based on the deontic concepts of jus (right) and obligation, this science of right is established in Leibniz's early writings on jurisprudence and depended on throughout several of his major late writings. Johns shows that the moral rightness of an action is grounded in the rights and obligations derived from the agent's capacity for freedom. This new interpretation of Leibniz's moral philosophy compares Leibniz's positions with Grotius, Pufendorf, Hobbes, Locke, and Kant. Providing a comprehensive examination of Leibniz's most important writings on natural right, John's argues that Leibniz, properly understood, provides a compelling account of the grounds of morality and of political institutions-an account relevant to present philosophical debates.
Download or read book Hume s Place in Moral Philosophy written by Nicholas Capaldi and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1989 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteenth century British moral philosophy focused on three issues: (a) moral apprehension; (b) moral motivation; and (c) the relationship of moral apprehension to moral motivation. Hume resolved these issues by a Copernican revolution in which the basic perspective is that of an engaged and socially responsible agent as opposed to the classic philosophical perspective of the disengaged theoretician. As a consequence he could distinguish clearly the cognitive from the affective elements in moral apprehension, identify the non-moral origins of moral motivation, and account for the growth of the moral perspective through sympathy.
Download or read book Dictionary of Twentieth Century British Philosophers written by Stuart Brown and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2005-06-01 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a two-volume work with entries on individuals who made some contribution to philosophy in the period 1900 to 1960 or soon after. The entries deal with the whole philosophical work of an individual or, in the case of philosophers still living, their whole work to date. Typically the individuals included have been born by 1935 and by now have made their main contributions. Contributions to the subject typically take the form of books or journal articles, but influential teachers and people otherwise important in the world of philosophy may also be included. The dictionary includes amateurs as well as professional philosophers and, where appropriate, thinkers whose main discipline was outside philosophy. There are special problems about the term "British" in the twentieth century, partly because of human migration, partly because of decolonialization and the changing denotation of the term. The intention has been to include not only those who were British subjects at least for a significant part of their lives (even if they mostly lived outside what is now the U.K.) but also people who spent a significant part of their lives in Britain itself, irrespective of their nationality or country of origin. In the first category are included, for instance, a number of people who were born and educated in Britain but who subsequently taught in universities abroad. In the second category are included those who were born elsewhere but who came to Britain and contributed to its philosophical culture.
Download or read book Philosophy Humanity and Ecology written by J. Odera Oruka and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Philosophy of Meaning Knowledge and Value in the Twentieth Century written by John Canfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 10 of the Routledge History of Philosophy presents a historical survey of the central topics in twentieth century Anglo-American philosophy. It chronicles what has been termed the 'linguistic turn' in analytic philosophy and traces the influence the study of language has had on the main problems of philosophy. Each chapter contains an extensive bibliography of the major writings in the field. All the essays present their large and complex topics in a clear and well organised way. At the end, the reader finds a helpful Chronology of the major political, scientific and philosophical events in the Twentieth Century and an extensive Glossary of technical terms.
Download or read book Moral Writings written by H. A. Prichard and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to follow
Download or read book Philosophy of Meaning Knowledge and Value in the 20th Century written by John V. Canfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-31 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century brought enormous change to subjects such as language, metaphysics, ethics and epistemology. This volume covers the major developments in these areas and more.
Download or read book Columbia Companion to Twentieth century Philosophies written by Constantin V. Boundas and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Columbia Companion to Twentieth-Century Philosophies is the first guide to cover both the Anglo-American analytic and European Continental traditions. The first section features Nicholas Rescher writing on neoidealism, Josephine Donovan commenting on feminist philosophy, Tyler Burge discussing the philosophy of language and mind, and Robert Hanna reflecting on Kant's legacy. The second section presents Jean Grondin on hermeneutics, Leonard Lawlor on phenomenology, Charles Scott on postmodernism, and Babette Babich on the philosophy of science. The volume also covers logical positivism, naturalism, pragmatism, aesthetics, existentialism, Marxism, the Frankfurt School, structuralism, psychoanalysis, political philosophy, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. The final section addresses concurrent trends in Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and African philosophy, and a comprehensive introduction by Constantin V. Boundas not only provides a thorough outline of the problems and issues of the analytic and Continental traditions but also boldly challenges the conviction that the two approaches must be rivals. Offering an unusually panoramic perspective, the Columbia Companion to Twentieth-Century Philosophies enables readers to encounter foundational materials on their own terms.
Download or read book Twentieth century Philosophy written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
