Download or read book Promoted Ignition Combustion Tests with Structured Aluminum Packings in Gaseous Oxygen with Argon Or Nitrogen Dilution at 0 1 and 0 6 MPa written by M. Meilinger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-surface-area aluminum structured packings are finding a wide use in the cryogenic distillation of air. An experimental program was performed to determine the oxygen compatibility of commercial packings. In particular, the influence of pressure increase up to 0.6 MPa (6 bar absolute) and the effect of the replacement of nitrogen by argon as O2-diluting gas were investigated. Additionally, the impact of reducing the sheet thickness from 0.2 mm to 0.1 mm was tested.
Download or read book Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen enriched Atmospheres written by B. E. Newton and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Promoted Ignition Combustion Behavior of Tubular Aluminum Samples in Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Environments written by R. Zawierucha and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past literature has reported on the occurrence of violent energy releases (VER) involving either high surface area aluminum structured packing or brazed aluminum heat exchanger (BAHX) samples subjected to promoted ignition-combustion testing in liquid oxygen (LOX) environments. In each of these situations, both the aluminum packing samples and the BAHX specimens contained relatively thin sections of aluminum. The aluminum thickness ranged from 0.2 to 0.25 mm for the aluminum packing and the fin portion of "thin fin" BAHXs. Other "thick fin" BAHXs tested had nominal fin thicknesses ranging from 0.41 mm to 0.46 mm. Similar flammability data have not been reported for thick wall (4.1 mm), 3003 tubular aluminum heat exchanger material which may be used in LOX applications. The impetus for this program was to study the promoted-ignition combustion behavior of thick wall, tubular aluminum samples in various LOX environments using both a localized hydrocarbon promoter and uniformly dispersed hydrocarbon film. Tests were also conducted in various gaseous oxygen (GOX) environments using uniformly dispersed hydrocarbon films.
Download or read book Promoted Ignition Combustion Tests of Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchanger Samples in Gaseous and Liquid Oxygen Environments written by R. Zawierucha and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most air separation plants employ compressors to increase oxygen pressure for customer usage. An alternative approach is to extract liquid oxygen from the separation column, which is pumped to higher pressure and then boiled in a heat exchanger to directly provide an elevated pressure gaseous oxygen product. Brazed aluminum heat exchangers (BAHX) are normally utilized as the product oxygen vaporizers.
Download or read book Promoted Ignition Combustion Tests of Brazed Aluminum Heat Exchanger Samples in Cold Supercritical Oxygen written by James White and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common practice in the industrial gas industry is to produce product oxygen by boiling pressurized liquid oxygen in a heat exchanger. Multistream brazed aluminum heat exchangers (BAHX) typically are used as oxygen product vaporizers. This method inherently exposes liquid and gaseous oxygen to aluminum material. Customer demands continue to increase the product oxygen pressure requirements, and it is recognized that higher pressures could increase the severity of an aluminum/oxygen combustion event. A series of experimental programs were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the safe use of BAHX for boiling oxygen at elevated pressures to 6,996 kPa. The present experimental study is a companion test program that was conducted from 2010 to 2012 to evaluate BAHX promoted combustion response in cold supercritical oxygen to 15,602 kPa. Promoted combustion experiments were conducted with miniature headered BAHX samples. Two types of samples were tested. The first were approximately 3.3 kg, having a thinner parting sheet thickness, and the second approximately 3.9 kg, having thicker parting sheets. The oxygen passages contained commercial purity cold supercritical oxygen having a pressure ranging from 10,197 to 15,603 kPa and the adjacent passages contained cold supercritical air ("inert" fluid) at pressures ranging from 10,440 to 15,170 kPa. Tests were conducted with the air passage pressure both higher and lower than the oxygen passage pressure. Nichrome wire was used to ignite a hydrocarbon promoter located within an oxygen passage, simulating a promoted ignition-combustion event. The experiments provided insights into the combustion mitigation behavior of BAHX used for producing high-pressure product oxygen via pumped liquid oxygen (LOX) gasification. Data are applicable in supporting the safe use of BAHX for high-pressure oxygen service.
Download or read book Tests of Combustion of Aluminum Packing and Trayed Columns written by J-Y Lehman and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flammability of structured packing made of thin aluminum sheet (0.2 mm) for use in oxygen service has been investigated by several companies and the results have been published since the first paper was given by Dunbobbin et al. [1]. All these previous tests involved small samples of about 100 g. The propagation on such small samples is quite difficult to analyze especially with LOX flowing down, as in actual operating conditions. The results of these tests have been published in STP 1197 [2]. Three sets of tests have been performed on larger samples to closely reproduce the operating conditions of cryogenic columns. The first set involved larger packing samples (650 g) above a LOX pool, heated to create a gas flow. The second set involved seven complete columns, 30 cm diameter x 2 m high, containing packing with LOX flowing down. The ignition pack was similar to the first set of samples. The third set involved twelve complete columns, 30 cm diameter x 2 m high, with 20 aluminum trays, in normal working conditions. The ignition cell failed in six tests so only six tests were significant. Results of this investigation performed on large samples were used when preparing the CGA pamphlet G-4.8 published in 1993 [3], which concluded that aluminum structured packing in ASUs introduces no additional risk, compared with aluminum trays.
Download or read book Nitride Ceramics written by Alexander A. Gromov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-20 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of non-oxide ceramics with special emphasis placed on the combustion synthesis of group I-VI nitrides and oxynitrides. To ensure the widest possible perspective, the authors are experts in academia, industry, or government research, and each chapter discusses different synthetic methods and process parameters, as well as important material properties and applications. The result is invaluable reading for researchers and practitioners in the industry as well as those looking for an introduction to the field. It is equally of great interest to chemists and materials scientists as well as engineers working in the area of inorganic and solid-state chemistry, structural and functional materials, catalysis, metallurgy, and electrochemistry.
Download or read book Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Manual of Tests and Criteria contains criteria, test methods and procedures to be used for classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of Parts 2 and 3 of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). As a consequence, it supplements also national or international regulations which are derived from the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods or the GHS. At its ninth session (7 December 2018), the Committee adopted a set of amendments to the sixth revised edition of the Manual as amended by Amendment 1. This seventh revised edition takes account of these amendments. In addition, noting that the work to facilitate the use of the Manual in the context of the GHS had been completed, the Committee considered that the reference to the "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods" in the title of the Manual was no longer appropriate, and decided that from now on, the Manual should be entitled "Manual of Tests and Criteria".
Download or read book Industrial Burners Handbook written by Jr., Charles E. Baukal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-10-29 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid development in the field precipitated by the increased demand for clean burner systems has made the Industrial Burners Handbook into the fields go-to resource. With this resource, bestselling author, editor, and combustion expert Charles Baukal, Jr. has put together a comprehensive reference dedicated to the design and applications of indust
Download or read book Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion written by DP Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book follows a unified approach to present the basic principles of rocket propulsion in concise and lucid form. This textbook comprises of ten chapters ranging from brief introduction and elements of rocket propulsion, aerothermodynamics to solid, liquid and hybrid propellant rocket engines with chapter on electrical propulsion. Worked out examples are also provided at the end of chapter for understanding uncertainty analysis. This book is designed and developed as an introductory text on the fundamental aspects of rocket propulsion for both undergraduate and graduate students. It is also aimed towards practicing engineers in the field of space engineering. This comprehensive guide also provides adequate problems for audience to understand intricate aspects of rocket propulsion enabling them to design and develop rocket engines for peaceful purposes.
Download or read book Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial Gas Handbook written by Frank G. Kerry and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on Frank G. Kerry's more than 60 years of experience as a practicing engineer, the Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification provides from-the-trenches advice that helps practicing engineers master and advance in the field. It offers detailed discussions and up-to-date approaches to process cycles for cryogenic separation of
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
Download or read book Methods for Geochemical Analysis written by Philip A. Baedecker and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical methods used in the Geologic Division laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey for the inorganic chemical analysis of rock and mineral samples.
Download or read book Engineering and Design written by Us Army Corps Of Engineers and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 2002-06-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides practical guidance for the design and operation of soil vapor extraction (SVE) and bioventing (BV) systems. It is intended for use by engineers, geologists, hydrogeologists, and soil scientists, chemists, project managers, and others who possess a technical education and some design experience but only the broadest familiarity with SVE or BV systems.
Download or read book Nanoscale Materials written by Luis M. Liz-Marzán and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized nanoassemblies of inorganic nanoparticles and organic molecules are building blocks of nanodevices, whether they are designed to perform molecular level computing, sense the environment or improve the catalytic properties of a material. The key to creation of these hybrid nanostructures lies in understanding the chemistry at a fundamental level. This book serves as a reference book for researchers by providing fundamental understanding of many nanoscopic materials.
Download or read book Prudent Practices in the Laboratory written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-03-25 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prudent Practices in the Laboratory-the book that has served for decades as the standard for chemical laboratory safety practice-now features updates and new topics. This revised edition has an expanded chapter on chemical management and delves into new areas, such as nanotechnology, laboratory security, and emergency planning. Developed by experts from academia and industry, with specialties in such areas as chemical sciences, pollution prevention, and laboratory safety, Prudent Practices in the Laboratory provides guidance on planning procedures for the handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals. The book offers prudent practices designed to promote safety and includes practical information on assessing hazards, managing chemicals, disposing of wastes, and more. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory will continue to serve as the leading source of chemical safety guidelines for people working with laboratory chemicals: research chemists, technicians, safety officers, educators, and students.
