Download or read book Prolonged continuous deep diving by northern elephant seals written by B.J. LE BOEUF and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuous deep diving in female northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris written by B.J. LE BOEUF and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological implications of continuous prolonged and deep dives of the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina written by M.A. HINDELL and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elephant Seals written by Burney J. Le Beouf and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The largest of all seals, elephant seals rank among the most impressive of marine mammals. They are renowned for their spectacular recovery from near-extinction at the end of the nineteenth century when seal hunters nearly eliminated the entire northern species. No other vertebrate has come so close to extinction and made such a complete recovery. The physiological extremes that elephant seals can tolerate are also remarkable: females fast for a month while lactating, and the largest breeding males fast for over one hundred days during the breeding seasons, at which times both sexes lose forty percent of their body weight. Elephant seals dive constantly during their long foraging migrations, spending more time under water than most whales and diving deeper and longer than any other marine mammal. This first book-length discussion of elephant seals brings together worldwide expertise from scientists who describe and debate recent research, including the history and status of various populations, their life-history tactics, and other findings obtained with the help of modern microcomputer diving instruments attached to free-ranging seals. Essential for all marine mammalogists for its information and its methodological innovations, Elephant Seals will also illuminate current debates about species extinctions and possible means of preventing them. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1994.
Download or read book Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Phocids written by Daniel P. Costa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phocid (or earless or true) seals are ecologically diverse, occupying habitats from the tropics to the poles in marine and freshwater and feeding on anything from tiny zooplankton to other marine mammals. There are 18 species of phocid seals, the smallest species (ringed seal) is more than 20 times smaller than the largest (southern elephant seal), with marked sexual dimorphism present in some species. This book examines the behavior, ecology, and physiology that allow phocid seals to inhabit such a wide range of habitats. The book is composed of 16 chapters written by 37 authors from 8 countries. The book first describes the general patterns of phocid behavior, followed by descriptions of what is known about well-studied species. We have taken a holistic approach, focusing not only on the behaviors themselves but also on the factors that constrain the expression of behavior and the proximate mechanisms driving behavior. In many cases, the chapters represent collaborations between well-established researchers and early-mid career individuals who bring new perspectives to help carry the field of phocid behavioral ecology well into the future.
Download or read book The Behaviour of Pinnipeds written by D. Renouf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We teach our students of behavioural science that one first defines a research problem, and then the most appropriate animal is selected to investigate hypotheses. The reverse order of events is improper: a particular class of animals should not be studied for its own sake. In the case of the Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses) the organism and the problem are essentially the same. The research questions presented in this volume in one way or another relate to survival in two worlds, the ocean for foraging, and the terrain at its edge or frozen above it for breeding. The evolution of Pinniped behaviour and the mechanisms which underlie it are a consequence of having to cope with two seemingly incompatible sets of environmental constraints. The physiological adaptations for concomitant functioning in two media with very different physical characteristics have produced correlated behav ioural modifications. The energetic demands of reproduction and foraging are idiosyncratic because each activity occurs on opposite sides of the air/water interface. As a result, the mating system must reconcile aquatic design for such functions as locomotion and thermoregulation, with the terrestrial requirements for successful pupping. Similarly, the ecology of this dual habitat prescribes the rules governing the behaviour of the neonate and its interactions with its mother.
Download or read book Development of Diving in the Northern Elephant Seal written by Philip Hougen Thorson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term diving records of an adult female northern elephant seal written by Y. NAITO and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pinnipeds written by Marianne Riedman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived
Download or read book Biology of Marine Mammals written by John E. Reynolds and published by Smithsonian Institution. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking an integrated approach to the biology of marine carnivores, cetaceans, and sirenians, twenty-two prominent researchers compare marine mammals with one another and with terrestrial mammals, providing a framework for fundamental biological and ecological concepts. They describe functional morphology, sensory systems, energetics, reproduction, communication and cognition, behavior, distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology. They also detail the physiological adaptations—for such activities and processes as diving, thermo-regulation, osmoregulation, and orientation—that enable marine mammals to exploit their aquatic environment.
Download or read book The Homing and Diving of Translocated Juvenile Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris Gill 1866 written by Guy Williamson Oliver and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cephalopod Behaviour written by Roger T. Hanlon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With their large brains, elaborate sense organs and complex behaviour, cephalopods are among the world's most highly evolved invertebrates. This second edition summarises the wealth of exciting new research data stemming from over five hundred papers published since the first volume appeared. It adopts a comparative approach to causation, function, development and evolution as it explores cephalopod behaviour in natural habitats and the laboratory. Extensive colour and black-and-white photography illustrates various aspects of cephalopod behaviour to complement the scientific analysis. Covering the major octopus, squid and cuttlefish species, as well as the shelled Nautilus, this is an essential resource for undergraduate and advanced students of animal behaviour, as well as researchers new to cephalopods, in fields such as neuroscience and conservation biology. By highlighting the gaps in current knowledge, the text looks to inform and to stimulate further study of these enigmatic and beautiful animals.
Download or read book Vertebrate Ecophysiology written by Don Bradshaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecophysiology attempts to clarify the role and importance of physiological processes, such as digestion and respiration, in the ecological relations of species in their natural habitats. The basic principles and methods that are central to any ecophysiological study are outlined and discussed, including animal capture, blood collection, and the measurement of plasma components and hormone levels. Attention is paid to animal welfare and ethical considerations, and the question of stress and how to identify its presence in animals in their natural environment is approached through a series of case studies. Examples are given from a wide range of vertebrates living in deserts, cold climates and oceans, and recent findings on the physiological adaptations of Antarctic birds and mammals are a highlight of the book. This textbook will provide an introduction to the study of ecophysiology for advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students, as well as researchers in ecology, biodiversity and conservation.
Download or read book Comparative High Pressure Biology written by Philippe Sebert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High pressure biology is an old, fascinating and stimulating field of research. One of the major reasons for the interest in studying high pressure is that this environmental factor also plays an important role in thermodynamics and consequently in biology. Pressure, from a biological perspective, has a bearing on all living creatures. The book pre
Download or read book Bibliography written by Michele Tetley and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Walker s Marine Mammals of the World written by Ronald M. Nowak and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-05-28 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals are among the most fascinating and most watched of Earth's many animal species, particularly for their many adaptations for life in and around the water and their unique methods of communication. This comprehensive guide to the order is for experts and enthusiasts alike.
Download or read book Measurement of 02 Saturation in Freely Deep Diving Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris Using a Novel Data Logging Tag written by Melissa A. Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals live a life of dual constraints and must balance energetic demands (oxygen consumption) and limited O2 availability while breath-holding. In order to overcome these dual constraints, marine mammals have developed unique physiological traits to cope with their aquatic environment, thereby taking advantage of a unique foraging niche. Extending breath-hold dive time increases the opportunity to obtain nutrients, but it can be energetically costly if marine mammals exceed the threshold for aerobic metabolism. We know relatively little about the physiological mechanisms employed by these animals that allow them to flourish in such an extreme environment. Due to the difficulty obtaining direct physiological measurements, there are gaps in knowledge for the field of diving physiology, particularly in the understanding of muscle perfusion during a dive. In order to improve our understanding of how marine mammals adjust muscle blood flow (oxygen and nutrients) during diving to increase dive time, we developed and tested a tag with oxygen sensors that attempted to measure O2 saturation in the muscle of freely deep-diving elephant seals. The purpose of this part of the study aimed at using an archival tag and implanted sensor system to measure physiological variables in freely deep-diving Northern elephant seals. Following the sensor and data logger development, we set out to test a long-held assumption that oximeter use in marine mammals could be calibrated with terrestrial mammal blood. This was of particular importance to this study as calibrations of the oximeter data loggers in the Northern elephant seal were needed. As part of the ability of marine mammals to prolong apnea for diving, some have modified hemoglobin to change its affinity for oxygen. These polymorphisms alter the affinity for O2, possibly by altering the folding of the protein. Alteration in the quaternary structure may also alter the optical properties of Hb. Oximeters use the change in the optical properties of oxygenated (HbO2) and reduced Hb (HbR) to determine arterial blood O2 saturation. Given the differences in Hb isoformss, the optical properties need to be assessed before conventional veterinary oximeters can be used on marine species. Therefore, the objective of this part of the study was to determine the absorbance spectra of HbO2 and HbR in several species of marine mammals (killer whale, short-finned pilot whale, beluga whale, and northern elephant seals) and compare these against humans. Whole blood samples were opportunistically obtained during routine health assessment, and the Hb was isolated via a series of centrifugation, dialysis, and filtration steps. The isolated Hb was oxygenated or deoxygenated using 5% CO2 in 95% O2 or N2, respectively. Under gas-tight conditions, the HbO2 and HbR samples were placed in a UV-visible light spectrophotometer and the absorption spectra measured from 600 nm to 1000 nm. The absorption spectra were overlaid and compared between species. The results indicate the absorption spectra are similar between humans and the species investigated and the point where absorbance is equal for HbO2 and HbR in all species at ~800 nm. The results of the Hb study allowed the possibility of properly calibrating the oximeter we surgically implanted in the Northern elephant seal. The oximeter sensor contained 3 LEDs in the visible red, near infrared (NIR), and infrared (IR) spectral regions (emitting at red:660, NIR:810, and IR:940 nm, respectively) and a photo detector. The sensor was attached to the external data logger with a thin (2-3 mm diameter) flexible silver (Ag) cable. The external data logger was attached with epoxy to the skin and fur of the seal following implantation of the sensor. In April 2013, 5 northern elephant seals were captured from the Año Nuevo and were instrumented with the oxygen sensor and data logger via aseptic surgical technique. Following implantation of the muscle O2 sensor and attachment of logger and satellite and radio transmitters, the animals were allowed to recover. Every 1-2 hours signs of inflammation, infection, or changes in swimming behavior were documented and none were observed in any seal. After translocation, all of the seals returned to the Año Nuevo rookery. All 5 seals implanted returned to Año Nuevo, had the instrumentation easily and successfully removed, and showed no signs of infection, inflammation or trauma concluding that we were able to develop a surgical technique that minimized the invasiveness of implanting a small sensor into the major swimming muscle of the Northern elephant seal. Free-diving ocean data was collected from the oximeter data logger only from the last two seals implanted, however only 1 out of 5 had oximetry data. Additionally, there was difficulty in calibrating the oximeter/sensor data logger. However, GPS tracks and dive patterns were recorded and analyzed from all 5 seals. All seals were equipped with GPS tags with ARGOS satellite uplink and had similar dive patterns to one another and to previous studies. Furthermore, we were able to obtain data by the end of the field season from one seal out of five indicating that with a few adjustments to the data logger, a second field season may yield a larger sample size and more reliable data. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155768
