Download or read book Progress in the Development of High Efficiency Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells written by A.M. Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film photovoltaic cells of cadmium sulfide/copper sulfide have been developed and optimized for specific cell designs. The optimization has been achieved by changing material parameters and the technology of the electrical contacts as dictated by detailed analyses of loss mechanisms in the cells. Additional design changes are needed to further increase the energy conversion efficiency in direct sunlight beyond the present value of8.5%. The application of analytic techniques to specific cell designs is responsible for the improvements achieved to date, and it is expected to lead to a basic cadmium sulfide/copper sulfide cell with an efficiency over10%.It is anticipated that the application of similar analytic techniques to a modified cell of cadmium -zinc sulfide/copper sulfide, coupled with constant interplay between theoretical and experimental results will lead to an energy conversion efficiency in direct sunlight of up to 14%.The material properties and electro-optical characteristics of the present high efficiency CdS/Cu2S cells and initial results using the mixed cadmium zinc sulfide will be presented. This paper describes the analysis driven technology innovations which have led to the development of reproducible thin film cadmium sulfide solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies in direct sunlight of greater than 8.5%. A photovoltaic effect in CdS was first reported by Reynolds for a junction made by depositing a thin film of copper on a cadmium sulfide film (1). Later work established that the actual junction was between CdS and Cu2S (2). A substantial number of research efforts have since been conducted on this photovoltaic heterojunction and although some variation exists, cells have generally been made by reacting a vapor deposited cadmium sulfide film with a cuprous ion solution. A major research effort aimed towards space applications was conducted during the 1960's (3,4).These and many other investigators have reported conversion efficiencies in sunlight of between 5 and 6% with a limited number reporting efficiencies up to 70. Thin film cells with energy conversion efficiencies of7.8% when measured in direct sunlight were recently reported (5,6). The methodology and experiments which lead to the further development of 8.5%CdS/Cu2S cells follows.
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cell S written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Thin Film Solar Cells written by I. M. Dharmadasa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energy conversion plays a very important role in the rapid introduction of renewable energy, which is essential to meet future energy demands without further polluting the environment, but current solar panels based on silicon are expensive due to the cost of raw materials and high energy consumption during production. The way forward is to move towards thin-film solar cells using alternative materials and low-cost manufacturing methods. The photovoltaic community is actively researching thin-film solar cells based on amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and dye-sensitised and organic materials. However, progress has been slow due to a lack of proper understanding of the physics behind these devices. This book concentrates on the latest developments and attempts to improve our understanding of solid-state device physics. The material presented is mainly experimental and based on CdTe thin-film solar cells. The author extends these new findings to CIGS thin-film solar cells and presents a new device design based on graded bandgap multi-layer solar cells. This design has been experimentally tested using the well-researched GaAs/AlGaAs system, and initial devices have shown impressive device parameters. These devices are capable of absorbing all radiation (UV, visible and infra-red) within the solar spectrum and combine "impact ionisation" and "impurity photovoltaic" effects. The improved device understanding presented in this book should impact and guide future photovoltaic device development and low-cost thin-film solar panel manufacture. This new edition features an additional chapter besides exercises and their solutions, which will be useful for academics teaching in this field.
Download or read book Indium Phosphide cadmium Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells written by Hughes Aircraft Company. Research Laboratories and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide Cadmium Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells Thirteenth Technical Progress Report July 1 1982 to September 30 1982 written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Download or read book Properties of Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide Used in Cadmium Telluride cadmium Sulfide Solar Cell written by Xiawa Wu and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CdTe/CdS solar cell is one of the promising low cost high efficiency thin film solar cells. In this work, thin film CdS properties and the effect of CdS surface conditions on CdTe growth and performance of polycrystalline CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells are investigated. Thin film CdS optical, structural and chemical properties both as deposited and after CdCl 2 heat treatment are measured. CdS surface chemical state is studied by analyzing its surface chemistry after different surface treatments. Qualitative and quantitative measurements indicate sulfate and sulfite phases on thin film CdS surfaces as well as single crystal CdS, caused by oxidation in the air. The degree of CdS oxidation is highly dependent on thermal treatment ambient, temperature and time. Results indicate reduction in grain size and smoother morphology for CdTe deposited on heavily oxidized CdS compared to chemically reduced CdS surface. Solar cell open circuit voltage is much lower on cells with heavily oxidized CdS surface.
Download or read book Solar Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this work has been to identify aspects of cell fabrication and treatment which are critical for achieving high efficiency Cu2S/CdS solar cells. In approaching the problem several comparisons were made of the effects of specific steps in two methods of cell fabrication. These methods had previously given cells of about 6% and a maximum of 9% efficiency. Three areas requiring special attention and specific means to achieve acceptable results were identified. (1) The Cu2S/CdS heterojunction area must be minimized. If single source evaporations of CdS are made on substrates whose temperatures (approx. 220°C) are monitored and controlled using welded thermocouples, the CdS films will have adequately large grains (grain diameter greater than or equal to 2 .mu.m) and will not develop significant etch pits during texturing in a mild etchant solution. (2) The termination of the wet barrier processing steps must be done carefully. An acceptable termination involves minimizing the amount of cuprous chloride retained on the cell surface during transfer to a rinsing stage while providing adequate exclusion of air from the space above the surface of the cuprous chloride solution. (3) Once formed, the Cu2S layer should not be exposed to high temperatures (>100°C) for long periods of time (> 5 min) if surface adsorbed moisture or oxygen are present. Heat treatments in ampoules under flowing hydrogen atmospheres should be preceded and followed by periods of at least 30 minutes at room temperature in the reducing ambient. If all these precautions are taken, wet chemical barrier processing of thermally evaporated CdS films on zinc-plated copper foil substrates yields cells of nearly 8% conversion efficiency without AR coating.
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide cadmium Sulfide Thin film Solar Cells written by J. R. Szedon and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Copper Sulfide Cadmium Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells Twelfth Technical Progress Report for the Period April 1 June 30 1982 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells written by F. A. Shirland and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
