Download or read book Programming of CCR10 Skin homing Innate Lymphocytes in Fetal Thymus and Adult Skin draining Lymph Nodes for Establishment of Skin Immune System written by Jie Yang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The skin is directly exposed to the environment and immune cells in the skin provide the first line of protection against invading pathogens. Innate and innate-like lymphocytes respond quickly during infection and coordinate with adaptive immune system to clear pathogens. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate lymphocytes that lack rearranged antigen-specific receptors and preferentially localized in barrier tissues, such as skin. They play critical roles in homeostatic regulation but also contribute to inflammatory diseases when dysregulated. Mechanisms regulating the development and function of ILCs in the skin are poorly understood. I report that during the perinatal stage, the skin-specific homing property and effector potential of thymic natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of ILCs, are programmed in the thymus for their rapid localization into the skin and functions. This may represent an evolutionally important mechanism that directs innate lymphocytes to the skin of newborns, whose adaptive immune system has not fully developed, for early protection. Moreover, NK cells, including thymic NK cells, generated in the perinatal stage contribute to the skin immune system in adults. In addition, skin-homing ILCs can be generated in skin-draining lymph nodes (sLNs) of adults. Under homeostatic condition, ILCs are continuously activated in sLNs to acquire the expression of CCR10 for their localization into the skin. Foxn1 and Notch/ligands signals are involved in the induction of CCR10 expression on ILCs in fetal/neonatal thymi and adult sLNs for their skin localization. The generation of CCR10+ ILCs and their maintenance in the skin are dependent on T cell-regulated homeostatic environments and are suppressed under inflammatory conditions. Reciprocally, ILCs regulate the homeostasis of skin-resident T cells. My findings provide insights of mechanisms that regulate the establishment of innate lymphocytes in the skin and their cross-regulation with adaptive immune cells.

Download or read book The Role of Notch Signaling in Development and Function of Skin Innate Lymphocytes written by Eun Hyeon Song and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innate lymphocytes are unconventional lymphocytes in that they lack rearranged antigen-receptors (i.e. innate lymphoid cells) or have T cell receptors (TCRs) with limited diversity (i.e. [gamma][delta]T cells) compared to conventional T lymphocytes. These lymphocytes preferentially reside in barrier tissues such as the skin where they have diverse functions in maintaining homeostasis, eliminating pathogens and controlling activation of adaptive immune cells. Majority of innate lymphocytes develops from hematopoietic stem cells generated in fetal liver or adult bone marrow and migrates to the barriers for their immunological function. The localization of these innate immune lymphocytes depends on their expression of specific tissue-homing molecules. We previously found preferential development of skin-homing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and innate-like T cells in the thymus but not in other primary lymphoid organs. Because Notch1 signaling is critical for T cell development in the thymus, we hypothesized that Notch signaling is involved in coordinated development of skin-homing (CCR10+) ILCs and T cells in the thymus. To directly examine this hypothesis, we generated thymic stroma-specific Notch ligand deficient mice where Delta like 4 (DL4) or Jagged1 (Jag1), Notch ligands expressed by thymic stroma, was ablated in the thymus. While T cell and ILC development were severely altered in the thymus of DL4-KO mice, thymic generation of these lymphocytes in Jag1-KO mice was normal, instead Jag1-KO mice developed spontaneous skin inflammation. This led us to investigate the roles of Notch signaling in two distinct aspects discussed in chapter 3 and 4. In chapter 3, we confirmed thymic generation of ILC1s was repressed by the number of T cells by showing reduction of CCR10+NK1.1+ ILC1 population in the thymus of TCR[beta]-/- compared to Rag1-/- mice. We also demonstrated that Notch signaling was differentially required for thymic generation of ILC1s because their generation in perinatal thymi was not affected by DL4 deficiency as opposed to adult thymi. However, fetal thymic organ culture with DL-WT and KO thymi revealed DL4-mediated Notch signaling was essential for thymic generation of CCR10+NK1.1+ ILC1s from adult bone marrow (BM) progenitors. Moreover, CD127, a IL-7 receptor needed to be prerequisite for thymic CCR10+NK1.1+ ILC1 generation independently on DL4-Notch signaling because CD127 deficient thymi could not support generation of CCR10+NK1.1+ ILC1s. These results suggest that DL4-derived Notch signaling is required for thymic generation of CCR10+NK1.1+ ILC1s but its crosstalk between large numbers of developing T cell might restrict development of CCR10+NK1.1+ ILC1s in adult thymus. In chapter 4, I assessed the underlying mechanisms of excessive skin inflammation in Jag1-KO mice. I found that predominant expansion of IL-17a-producing T, mostly [gamma][delta]T, cells was associated with defects in hair follicle and keratinocyte development in Jag1-KO mice. Antibody blockage of IL-17a revealed that cutaneous inflammation was mediated by [gamma][delta]T17 and T helper (Th) 17 cells. In addition, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of genes in Toll like receptor and NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) like receptor pathways in the skin of Jag1-KO mice, suggesting potential involvement of commensal bacteria in the skin inflammation. Indeed, antibiotic treatment prevented the overall inflammatory skin phenotype including disruption of hair follicles and overactivation of [gamma][delta]T17 and Th17 cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dysbiosis-induced activation of IL-17-producing T cells are predominantly responsible for the defective hair follicle development and keratinocyte homeostasis resulting from impaired Jag1 expression in the skin. In conclusion, this dissertation provides insights of regulatory mechanisms by Notch signaling that contribute to thymic generation of skin-homing innate lymphocytes and their functions in the cutaneous homeostasis versus inflammation.

Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.

Download or read book Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology written by Anthony Gaspari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-05 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dermatologists are being asked to understand the pathophysiology of a number of immune-mediated skin diseases. In addition, a number of new products have appeared on the market during the past decade which requires an understanding of the mechanisms of action of these drugs. Dermatologists, however, have no easily understood book to which they can refer to regarding the disease or the drug.

Download or read book Practical Immunodermatology written by Xing-Hua Gao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses typical skin diseases from an immunological point of view, introducing the latest immunological techniques and practices. It begins with a brief overview of the human immune system, including the basic concepts and principles as well as the general symbols used in immunology. Part Two describes the human skin as an integral part of the immune system, explaining the immunological roles of major cellular and molecular composites in the skin. Part Three illustrates typical skin diseases that have immunological involvement (immunodermatological conditions). It describes 40 skin diseases, focusing on immunological causes, pathogenesis, pattern of reaction and treatment choices and responses. The final part discusses advanced immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy in dermatology, providing detailed descriptions of immune techniques for the diagnosis of skin diseases, their principles and background, indications, requirements for sampling, test protocols, interpretation of results and trouble shooting. This work offers insights into both the systemic immune system and the skin immune system, and integrates the information into discussions of clinical diseases, relevant immune techniques and immunological drugs. Presenting the latest advances in clinical immunology, it is an invaluable resource for dermatologists, residents and graduate students in dermatology.

Download or read book Neuroimmunology of the Skin written by Richard D. Granstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much anecdotal information has suggested an influence of psychology and the nervous system on immunity within the skin and the expression of inflammatory skin disorders. Recent years have seen an explosion of knowledge providing a scientific basis for important regulatory interactions between the nervous system, the endocrine system and the immune system within the skin. The results of recent investigations have important implications, not only for an understanding of cutaneous immunity, but also for the development of novel treatments for diseases involving abnormal inflammation or immune reactivity within the skin. This book provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary review of the molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and clinical aspects of nervous system–immune system interactions within the skin. It includes contributions from leading world experts in these areas. The contents are relevant to both investigators and clinicians interested in the skin, its functions and its disorders.

Download or read book Crohn s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis written by Daniel C. Baumgart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition is a unique combined resource for physicians and scientists addressing the needs of both groups. In addition to stimulating exchange and collaboration and shortening the path between discovery and application of new knowledge, the book helps clinicians understand new therapeutic concepts from their origins. The volume serves as a comprehensive guide to the current diagnostic modalities, including enhanced imaging techniques such as MRI and CT enterography, virtual colonoscopy, ultrasound, and endomicroscopy, as well as conventional and complex immunomodulatory principles. The latest edition also includes revised chapters from the previous edition, as well as new chapters reflecting current developments in the field. Written by experts in their field, Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: From Epidemiology and Immunobiology to a Rational Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach, Second Edition is of great value to gastroenterologists, surgeons, internists, pediatricians and gynecologists trainees, as well as all those involved in Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and related autoimmune disorders.

Download or read book From Basic to Clinical Immunology written by Vladimir V. Klimov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills a gap at the interface of fundamental and clinical immunology, and allergy. For many years, experts in fundamental immunology and physicians involved in clinical immunology and allergy worked separately – but the fundamental immunologists did not have medical qualifications and the physicians were not involved in the field of fundamental research. Written by a teacher and an expert in both fields, this book combines current knowledge on basic immunology and immunopathology with clinical comments that complete the whole picture. Immunology is a complex science, which requires a simplified approach in order to be taught and understood effectively. This book is based on the authors’ long experience in teaching undergraduate, postgraduate students and interns both basic and clinical immunology. Reviewing a variety of important components related to the immune system, it is clearly and logically structured, and enriched by figures, tables and boxes with important immunology definitions. Each chapter has its own bibliography, and most units include links to electronic quizzes and audio files to accompany readers step by step. This easy-to-follow volume concludes with suggestions for future study. It is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as medical practitioners.

Download or read book Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting written by Andreas Radbruch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis and sorting of large numbers of cells with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) was first achieved some 30 years ago. Since then, this technology has been rapidly developed and is used today in many laboratories. A Springer Lab Manual Review of the First Edition: "This is a most useful volume which will be a welcome addition for personal use and also for laboratories in a wide range of disciplines. Highly recommended." CYTOBIOS

Download or read book Epidermal Langerhans Cells written by Gerold Schuler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidermal Langerhans Cells focuses on epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and the important role they play in the induction of contact hypersensitivity and graft rejection. This in-depth work discusses how these antigen-presenting cells are modulated by various physicochemical agents (such as UV light) and how they can be infected by the AIDS virus. It also reveals that cytokines mediate their development into potent T cell-stimulatory dendritic cells. This comprehensive review covers important experimental details and methods, and fascinating information on LCs. It also provides an overview of the immune system as it relates to the skin in health and disease. This up-to-date publication is an indispensable resource for all investigative and clinical dermatologists, as well as immunologists interested in antigen-presenting cells.

Download or read book The Cytokines of the Immune System written by Zlatko Dembic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cytokines of the Immune System catalogs cytokines and links them to physiology and pathology, providing a welcome and hugely timely tool for scientists in all related fields. In cataloguing cytokines, it lists their potential for therapeutic use, links them to disease treatments needing further research and development, and shows their utility for learning about the immune system. This book offers a new approach in the study of cytokines by combining detailed guidebook-style cytokine description, disease linking, and presentation of immunologic roles. - Supplies new ideas for basic and clinical research - Provides cytokine descriptions in a guidebook-style, cataloging the origins, structures, functions, receptors, disease-linkage, and therapeutic potentials - Offers a textbook-style view on the immune system with the immunologic role of each cytokine

Download or read book Evolution of Atopic Dermatitis in the 21st Century written by Ichiro Katayama and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive guide offers a state-of-the-art overview of basic and clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis (AD). The name "atopic dermatitis" was first used in 1933, and Drs. Lewis Webb Hill and Marion B. Sulzberger presented their report "Evolution of atopic dermatitis" in 1935. Their observations accurately forecasted the contemporary issues in the management of the condition, such as the conclusions that should be drawn from our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, and the use of steroids as the main treatment. Several aggravating factors have recently been identified, and these also need to be addressed. In this context, the expert contributors to this book describe and discuss the evolution of atopic dermatology from Sulzberger’s era to the present day, including clinical manifestations, etiopathology and treatment. In addition, it explores skin care intervention, the role of microbiom and GWAS studies, and presents unique, previously unpublished cohort studies. It provides insights into the dynamic changes in AD since Sulzberger introduced topical steroids for its treatment. It is a valuable resource for dermatologists, medical practitioners and researchers who are interested in atopic dermatology.

Download or read book The First Outstanding 50 Years of Universit Politecnica delle Marche written by Sauro Longhi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes significant multidisciplinary research findings at the Università Politecnica delle Marche and the expected future advances. It addresses some of the most dramatic challenges posed by today’s fast-growing, global society and the changes it has caused, while also discussing solutions to improve the wellbeing of human beings. The book covers the main research achievements made in the social sciences and humanities, and includes chapters that focus on understanding mechanisms that are relevant to all aspects of economic and social interactions among individuals. In line with Giorgio Fuà’s contribution, the interdisciplinary research being pursued at the Faculty of Economics of Università Politecnica delle Marche is aimed at interpreting the process of economic development in all of its facets, both at the national and local level, with a particular focus on profit and non-profit organizations. Various disciplines are covered, from economics to sociology, history, statistics, mathematics, law, accounting, finance and management.

Download or read book Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development written by George A. Parker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a fundamental understanding of immunopathology and immunopathologic processes, with particular attention to nonclinical toxicology studies. Chapters provide an overview of general immunobiology, cells of the immune system, signaling and effector molecules, and immunopathology assays. A companion volume, Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development: Volume 2, Organ Systems, offers summaries of organ-specific immunobiology and immunopathology as well as common responses to xenobiotics. These informative and strategic books were created in response to the large segment of drug development that focuses on chronic diseases, many of which involve alterations to the immune system. Therapies that target these diseases commonly involve some form of immunomodulation. As a result, the two volumes of Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development are critical texts for individuals involved in diverse aspects of drug development. Readers will acquire a thorough understanding of immunopathology for detection and accurate interpretation of pathologic effects of xenobiotics on the immune system.

Download or read book The Chemokine Receptors written by Jeffrey K. Harrison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-17 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, new to The Receptors series, focuses on several areas, including the birth, maturation, and structure of Chemokines; Neutrophil, Dendritic, and Lymphocyte trafficking; and Chemokine Receptors in diseases such as AIDs and lung cancer. In particular the book contains cutting-edge information ranging from basic molecular and cellular mechanisms to physiological and pathological roles of chemokines.

Download or read book Nutrition and Immunity written by Maryam Mahmoudi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides readers with a systematic assessment of current literature on the link between nutrition and immunity. Chapters cover immunonutrition topics such as child development, cancer, aging, allergic asthma, food intolerance, obesity, and chronic critical illness. It also presents a thorough review of microflora of the gut and the essential role it plays in regulating the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Written by experts in the field, Nutrition and Immunity helps readers to further understand the importance of healthy dietary patterns in relation to providing immunity against disorders and offering readily available immunonutritional programming in clinical care. It will be a valuable resource for dietitians, immunologists, endocrinologists and other healthcare professionals.

Download or read book Pediatric Allergy Asthma and Immunology written by Arnaldo Cantani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-23 with total page 1634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easy to understand and easy to use, this essential book reflects the rapid progress in one of the most intriguing fields of medicine. It offers state-of-the-art information on basic immunology, fetal-neonatal immunology, and many more fascinating areas.