Download or read book Prognostic markers in acute myeloid leukemia written by Ingrid Jakobsen and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) consists of induction chemotherapy, most commonly daunorubicin together with the nucleoside analogue cytarabine (Ara-C), followed by consolidation chemotherapy and in selected cases allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Despite a high initial response rate, a considerable proportion of all AML cases eventually suffer from relapse and the five-year overall survival rate in patients >60 years is only around 15%. Based on cytogenetic analysis, patients are divided into low risk, intermediate risk, and high-risk groups. While low risk patients have a high chance of reaching and remaining in remission after standard induction therapy, high-risk patients are likely to suffer from relapse and should be scheduled for allo-SCT when first complete remission is reached. The intermediate risk group consists of normal karyotype (NK) patients and those with karyotypes of uncertain clinical relevance, but the outcomes are heterogeneous. In NKAML patients, risk classification has improved with the addition of molecular markers including FLT3 internal tandem duplications (ITD) and mutations of NPM1 and CEBPA. Despite this development, there is a group of patients lacking reliable prognostic markers and in some cases the outcomes predicted do not match the outcomes observed, highlighting the need for additional markers. ABCB1 encodes a transporter protein responsible for the extrusion of cytotoxic compounds, including daunorubicin, over the cell membrane, and is a known resistance mechanism. Ara-C is subject to both activating and inactivating metabolic enzymes including DCK (activating), CDA and cN-II (inactivating). ABCB1, DCK, CDA and cN-II are all polymorphic, and SNPs affecting enzyme function and/or activity have potential as prognostic markers. In addition, recurrent IDH1/2 mutations lead to the expression of an enzyme with neomorphic activity associated with epigenetic alterations and disturbed differentiation. Mutations as well as a SNP in codon 105 of IDH1 have prognostic implications in AML, although the effects of different IDH mutations have been unclear. The aim of this thesis was to investigate SNPs in ABCB1 and genes associated with Ara-C metabolism, mutations in IDH1/2 and the IDH1 SNP, and their associations with treatment response and survival in AML. We show that the 1236C>T and 2677G>T SNPs in ABCB1 influence in vitro sensitivity towards AML drugs, with corresponding effects on NK-AML patient survival. These survival differences were seen mainly in patients lacking FLT3-ITD, further adding to the risk stratification. In contrast, the CDA SNPs 79A>C and -451C>T appear to influence survival mainly in FLT3-ITD positive cases. In conclusion, the above-mentioned SNPs have the potential to add important information to risk classifications especially in NK-AML patients with the ambiguous FLT3-ITD-/NPM1- or FLT3-ITD+/NPM1+ genotypes. In addition, we have shown that IDH2 R140 mutation is associated with impaired survival in AML, and that the IDH1 codon 105 SNP appears to confer a worse outcome in a subset of intermediate risk patients without FLT3-ITD. With the introduction of next generation sequencing into clinical diagnostics, IDH mutations may not only provide prognostic information but also guide the selection of patients for new drugs targeting the variant enzyme. Our results indicate that in addition to leukemia-specific mutations, constitutional SNPs may prove useful for further individualizing care-taking and should be considered when implementing these new techniques.
Download or read book Prognostic Markers in Hematologic Oncology written by Wojciech Gorczyca and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective treatment of the tumors of the hematopoietic system now often depends on an exact prognosis for the disorder concerned, and so the hematopathologist can give vital direction to the hematologic or oncologic clinician. Prognostic Markers in Hematologic Oncology comprehensively presents the numerous predictive and prognostic parameters in the practice of oncologic haematology and underlines their clinical relevance.
Download or read book Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation written by Hillard M. Lazarus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the original publication of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC) has undergone several fast-paced changes. In this second edition, the editors have focused on topics relevant to evolving knowledge in the field in order to better guide clinicians in decision-making and management of their patients, as well as help lead laboratory investigators in new directions emanating from clinical observations. Some of the most respected clinicians and scientists in this discipline have responded to the recent advances in the field by providing state-of-the-art discussions addressing these topics in the second edition. The text covers the scope of human genomic variation, the methods of HLA typing and interpretation of high-resolution HLA results. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Second Edition offers concise advice on today's best clinical practice and will be of significant benefit to all clinicians and researchers in allogeneic HSC transplantation.
Download or read book Identification of Prognostic Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Using CDNA Microarray written by Wei Fang Phang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of a Low Density Array to Identify Potential Novel Prognostic Markers in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML and a Normal Karyotype written by Myriam Marcelle Eyer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Leukemias II written by Thomas Büchner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acute leukemia a quite homogenous disease failed to break through the sound barriere of when untreated reveals a substantial hetero unsatisfactory cure rates even in special sub geneity in its response to therapy. While cure groups. While new protocols including more is achieved in a certain proportion of pa effective supportive care show some increase tients other cases prove to be highly resis in the initial response rates and certain im tant. The curability is superior in acute provements in the long-term results, no ben lymphoblastic (ALL) than in acute myeloid eficial effect on the relapse rate during the (AML) leukemia and - within both type- first 1 Y2 years emerged from any of these higher in children as compared to adults. regimens. Thus, high chances for cure are The two age groups and cell types can be presently restricted to children with ALL further subdivided into prognostic groups and to lesser proportions children with by special diagnostic features. Thus, in AML and adults with ALL and AML.
Download or read book Acute Leukemias VI written by Thomas Büchner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For 10 years the book series Acute Leukemias has been providing updates on the rapid progress being made internationally concerning this group of diseases. The fifth volume mainly addressed experimental approaches, but the present issue presents both therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the most recent results from major multicenter clinical trials. Additional chapters report new trends in leukemia cell biology,the monitoring of minimal residual disease, and secondary leukemias, as well as new antileukemic drugs, antimicrobial strategies, and the use of cytokines. The combined efforts against acute leukemias described in this book explain the recent improvements in the outcome of patients suffering from acute leukemias.
Download or read book Antiapoptotic proteins as prognostic markers and resistance mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia written by Ingo Tamm and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Leukemias IV written by T. Büchner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rates of acute leukemia cure have gradually improved over the last decade. Clinical study results reflect the impact of chemotherapy intensity and duration, the role of prolonged maintenance, intensified consolidation or very early intensification. Further progress has also been achieved in bone marrow trans plantation, and recent prospective studies and meta-analyses have contributed comparisons of the high antileukemic efficacy of bone marrow transplantation to that of improved chemotherapy. This allows a more successful combining of the two forms of treatment. New prognostic factors have emerged from both cytogenetic and molecular genetic research. Thus, the Philadelphia chromosome translocation and the bcr/abl gene rearrangement have proven to be the dominating risk factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since the frequency increases with age, differences in prognosis between children and adults can be explained. Evaluation of molecular and immunologic leukemia cell markers has provided a better understanding of residual leukemia in clinical remission, as a prognostic factor and in monitoring the effectiveness of the antileukemic strategy. Recent work on leukemic cell biology has resulted in novel therapeutic approaches such as terminal differentiation by all-trans-retinoic acid, modulation of chemotherapy by hematopoietic growth factors such as GM-CSF and enhancement of immunologic control by cytokines such as interleukin 2. New antimicrobial drugs and the application of mostly empiric anti-infectious strategies have helped reducing the therapeutic risk. Thus, a number of recent achievements have provided us with new options in the management of patients with acute leukemias.
Download or read book Acute Myeloid Leukemia written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Leukemias VIII written by T. Büchner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1987 Acute Leukemias (AL) has regularly reported on the state of the art in the rapidly growing, successful and exciting field of biology and management of these diseases. In this volume large multicenter clinical trials again form the solid basis for the investigation of leukemic cell biology, the detection of biologic subgroups, their differential response to alternative treatment strategies and the further development of therapy. In particular, this volume addresses mechanisms of chromosomal translocations and transcription factors, risk-adapted treatment strategies, differentiation therapy, secondary AL, special aspects in older patients, and adoptive immunotherapy. Besides the antileukemic approaches, supportive treatment with new antimicrobial substances and growth factors is updated. As a forum of worldwide activities in the field of AL this volume contains both exhaustive overviews on major clinical issues and preliminary data and hypotheses not previously published.
Download or read book The EBMT Handbook written by Nicolaus Kröger and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Open Access edition of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) handbook addresses the latest developments and innovations in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy. Consisting of 93 chapters, it has been written by 175 leading experts in the field. Discussing all types of stem cell and bone marrow transplantation, including haplo-identical stem cell and cord blood transplantation, it also covers the indications for transplantation, the management of early and late complications as well as the new and rapidly evolving field of cellular therapies. This book provides an unparalleled description of current practices to enhance readers' knowledge and practice skills. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Download or read book Acute Myeloid Leukaemia written by Sahar Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosravani and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acute Myeloid Leukemia written by Christoph Röllig and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-18 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by a team of leading experts, provides a comprehensive overview of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most frequent acute leukemia in adults. The opening chapters present current knowledge of epidemiology, etiologic factors, and the pathogenesis and molecular development of AML. Detailed guidance is offered on laboratory and clinical diagnostic workup and disease classification, and the patient- and disease-related factors that determine prognosis and treatment allocation are identified. On the basis of these general considerations, initial treatments in patients considered fit for intensive treatment and in older and co-morbid patients are reviewed, and the available relapse treatment strategies, explained. For all clinical scenarios, the most recent data on the optimal use of newly approved agents in different AML subgroups are presented. Separate chapters address the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, current practice of allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and special clinical situations. Finally, promising approaches in drug development, current standards and challenges in assessment of measurable residual disease, immune approaches, and ideas for innovative trial designs are considered.
Download or read book Prognostic Markers and Cancer written by Abeer Badr and published by . This book was released on 2014-06-29 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia A Possible Relation to Disease Invasion and the Impact of Independent Prognostic Markers Associated with Survival Outcome written by Mohamed El-Refaei and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, leukemia exists and frequently occurs in adults. Radiation exposure, hereditary syndromes, smoking, age, and many other unknown factors are generally the major risk factors for leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that is dispersed from its beginning and may be perceived as a prototype of metastatic cancer, yet leukemia is considered a highly malignant neoplasms responsible for a large number of cancer-related deaths. In addition, to uninhibited proliferation, leukemic cells dispense early from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, followed by an infiltration of various organs such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, intestinal tract, skin, or mucous membranes. Several studies are concerned with the critical role of angiogenesis in the development and growth of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Moreover, angiogenic mediators created by AML cells act through external or internal autocrine loops, thereby directly indorsing cell survival, spread, and disease development. In recent years, many researchers focus on angiopioetins (Ang), an innovative family of angiogenic mediators, which have shown to be vital regulators of angiogenesis and vascular stability. Ang-1 and its antagonist Ang-2 act via the receptor tyrosine kinase sTie 2, which is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) of the vasculature and in subset of hematopoietic stem cells. Binding of Ang-1 causes phosphorylation of sTie2 and ensures the integrity of the vasculature by stimulating interactions between ECs and endothelial support cells. This chapter reviews the incidence, mortality, pathogenesis, and diagnostic procedures of AML. As well as aims at evaluating serum levels of endostatin, MMP- 9, and uPAR in acute myeloid leukemia patients before chemotherapy and after achieving complete remission. At the same time, the chapter also assesses the pretreatment levels of plasma Ang-1, Ang-2, and sTie2, and the calculated ratio of Ang2/sTie2 receptor in a cohort of AML patients also studies their impact on the AML patients' overall survival.
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Studies on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Focus on Prognostic Markers written by Kerstin Willander and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
