Download or read book Prognostic Factors in Cancer written by Paul Hermanek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. K. Gospodarowicz, P. Hermanek, and D. E. Henson Attention to innovations in cancer treatment has tended to eclipse the importance of prognostic assessment. However, the recognition that prognostic factors often have a greater impact on outcome than available therapies and the proliferation of biochemical, molecular, and genetic markers have resulted in renewed interest in this field. The outcome in patients with cancer is determined by a combination of numerous factors. Presently, the most widely recognized are the extent of disease, histologic type of tumor, and treatment. It has been known for some time that additional factors also influence outcome. These include histologic grade, lymphatic or vascular invasion, mitotic index, performance status, symptoms, and most recently genetic and biochemical markers. It is the aim of this volume to compile those prognostic factors that have emerged as important determinants of outcome for tumors at various sites. This compilation represents the first phase of a more extensive process to integrate all prognostic factors in cancer to further enhance the prediction of outcome following treatment. Certain issues surround ing the assessment and reporting of prognostic factors are also considered. Importance of Prognostic Factors Prognostic factors in cancer often have an immense influence on outcome, while treatment often has a much weaker effect. For example, the influence of the presence of lymph node involvement on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer is much greater than the effect of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen in the same group of patients [5].
Download or read book Prognosis in Advanced Cancer written by Paul Glare and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-03-20 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting survival and other outcomes is increasingly being recognized as an important skill for palliative care doctors and nurses, oncologists, and other healthcare professionals who treat patients with advanced cancer. Accurate prognosis is essential if we are to offer quality of care and 'a good death', as well as to aid decision-making. There is much prognostic information available that is scattered throughout the palliative care and oncological literature but this is the first time it has been gathered systematically in one place. Glare and Christakis, leaders in the field of prognosis, bring together a team of international contributors from across the fields of palliative care and oncology. This comprehensive but practical guide begins with the principles of prognostication, including formulating the prediction and then communicating it. Topics such as statistical issues, evidence-based medicine, and the ethics of prognostication are also covered. The second section addresses prognostication in 15 specific cancer sites once they have reached the advanced stage, following a standard template for consistency and easy access to the key information. The third section deals with prognostication in patients with a variety of common clinical conditions at the end of life, such as bowel obstruction, hypercalcaemia, and brain metastases. In addition, survival curves are provided within each chapter, palliative care conditions are examined for the first time, and a summary table of long and short term prognosis ensures this book remains practical.
Download or read book Prognosis Research in Healthcare written by Richard D. Riley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is going to happen to me?" Most patients ask this question during a clinical encounter with a health professional. As well as learning what problem they have (diagnosis) and what needs to be done about it (treatment), patients want to know about their future health and wellbeing (prognosis). Prognosis research can provide answers to this question and satisfy the need for individuals to understand the possible outcomes of their condition, with and without treatment. Central to modern medical practise, the topic of prognosis is the basis of decision making in healthcare and policy development. It translates basic and clinical science into practical care for patients and populations. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact provides a comprehensive overview of the field of prognosis and prognosis research and gives a global perspective on how prognosis research and prognostic information can improve the outcomes of healthcare. It details how to design, carry out, analyse and report prognosis studies, and how prognostic information can be the basis for tailored, personalised healthcare. In particular, the book discusses how information about the characteristics of people, their health, and environment can be used to predict an individual's future health. Prognosis Research in Healthcare: Concepts, Methods and Impact, addresses all types of prognosis research and provides a practical step-by-step guide to undertaking and interpreting prognosis research studies, ideal for medical students, health researchers, healthcare professionals and methodologists, as well as for guideline and policy makers in healthcare wishing to learn more about the field of prognosis.
Download or read book Prognostic Factors in Cancer written by Mary K. Gospodarowicz and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 2001-04-16 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prognostic Factors in Cancer, Second Edition updates the first authoritative monograph on prognostic factors and their use in planning treatment for cancer patients. The text is an extension of the work of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) on the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours and their current focus on prognostic factors in cancer. The TNM classification is the most widely used system for staging the progression of cancer. The anatomic extent of disease represented by the TNM system is the single most important predictor for outcomes of most tumors. Prognostic Factors in Cancer, Second Edition is divided into two parts. The first section examines prognosis in general and more specifically prognosis in cancer patients, including issues surrounding accuracy of measurement of prognosis, the methodology of studying and classifying prognostic factors, and the application of prognostic factors in clinical decision-making in the treatment of cancer. The second section provides chapters on site-specific or tumor-specific neoplasms and the prognostic factors associated with them. These chapters contain an overview of the relevant literature and include summaries that classify prognostic factors according to subject and relevance. Prognostic Factors in Cancer, Second Edition illustrates the scope of the field as it stands today, and will provide perspective on likely outcomes of neoplastic disease for all physicians and others responsible for the care of patients with cancer.
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
Download or read book Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Breast Cancer written by Rosemary A Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title reviews the key prognostic factors in breast cancer, discussing the methodologies involved in measuring and reporting. It also examines the roles of major predictive markers such as the steroid receptors, p53 and HER-2. Given the wealth of information in the medical literature on breast cancer, this volume is useful in that it focuses strictly on these factors. That focus makes this text extremely useful for oncologists and researchers who want to learn more about best practices in prognoses.
Download or read book Tietz s Applied Laboratory Medicine written by Mitchell G. Scott and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-26 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a problem-based approach, Tietz's Applied Laboratory Medicine, Second Edition presents interesting cases to illustrate the current use and interpretation of the most commonly available clinical laboratory tests. The cases present detailed descriptions of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. The book begins with an up-to-date general discussion of selection and use of laboratory diagnostic and prognostic tests. Cases are then grouped by category, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, liver, gastrointestinal, endocrine, gynaecologic & obstetrical, haematological, CNS, lipid, congenital, toxicological, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tietz's Applied Laboratory Medicine, Second Edition: Presents over 100 cases organised by disease group Reflects latest treatment and risk factor guidelines, testing algorithms and recommendations Newly covers coagulopathies, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases Provides excellent coverage of relevant pathophysiology and biochemistry, and includes cases in molecular diagnostics Discusses legal implications This book is an invaluable resource for all clinical chemists, clinical lab technologists, pathologists, and allied health professionals. It is also of interest for general practitioners, residents, medical students, and educators.
Download or read book CNS Cancer written by Erwin G. Van Meir and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-15 with total page 1294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancers of the central nervous system are among the most lethal of human neoplasms. They are recalcitrant to even intensive multimodality therapies that include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Moreover, especially in children, the consequences of these therapies can itself be devastating and involve serious cognitive and developmental disorders. It is small wonder that such cancers have come under the intense scrutiny of each of the subspecialties of clinical care and investigation as well as attracting some of the best basic research scientists. Their joint efforts are gradually peeling away the mysteries surrounding the genesis and progression of these tumors and inroads are being steadily made into understanding why they resist therapies. This makes it an especially opportune time to assemble some of the best investigators in the field to review the ‘‘state of the art’’ in the various arenas that comprise the assault on CNS tumors. The breadth of this effort by the clinical and basic neuro-oncology community is quite simply amazing. To a large extent, it evolves from the knowledge of the human genome and its regulation that has been hard won over the past two decades.
Download or read book The Frailty Model written by Luc Duchateau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will find in the pages of this book a treatment of the statistical analysis of clustered survival data. Such data are encountered in many scientific disciplines including human and veterinary medicine, biology, epidemiology, public health and demography. A typical example is the time to death in cancer patients, with patients clustered in hospitals. Frailty models provide a powerful tool to analyze clustered survival data. In this book different methods based on the frailty model are described and it is demonstrated how they can be used to analyze clustered survival data. All programs used for these examples are available on the Springer website.
Download or read book Urological Pathology written by Mahul B. Amin and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2013-11-14 with total page 2443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge in the field of urologic pathology is growing at an explosive pace. Today’s pathologists, specialists, and residents require a comprehensive and authoritative text that examines the full range of urological diseases and their diagnosis. Written by recognized leaders and educators in the field, the text provides readers with a detailed understanding of all diagnostic aspects of urological disease. Inside this unique resource, readers will explore a broad spectrum of practical information—including etiology, diagnostic criteria, molecular markers, differential diagnosis, ancillary tests, and clinical management. This is sure to be the new definitive text for urological pathology!
Download or read book Pointers to Cancer Prognosis written by B.A. Stoll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 30 years have seen little improvement in the age-adjusted mortality rates for most common types of cancer, and until we develop more effective and less damaging treatment modalities for these tumours, selection of each patient's treatment must depend on prognostic pointers. These lead to a calculated trade off between our estimate of likely benefit to the patient, as against cost in terms of quality of life. But changes have occurred recently in our understanding of the traditional prognostic pointers used for selecting such individualised treatment. First, it is increasingly recognised that the stage at which a tumour presents is more related to the chromo logical age of the tumour (how far it has progressed before diagnosis) than to its biological characteristics. While advanced chronological age of the tumour may predict a greater likelihood of early death, only biological criteria can predict the tumour growth rate, the likelihood of prolonged survival, the likely course of the disease after the first recurrence or the likehood of response to systemic therapy. Second, there is increasing use of failure analysis in relating the clinical and biological characteristics of tumours to their response to standard treatments. In the past, the relationship was interpreted mainly in terms of survival rate, but the site and timing of first recurrence and the pattern and timing of subsequent spread provide a better assessment of the control possible from local or systemic therapy.
Download or read book Cancer Therapy written by Maurice J. Staquet and published by . This book was released on with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cancer Therapy written by Maurice J. Staquet and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1975 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy written by Joseph Ragaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent advances in adjuvant therapies of cancer, the regi mens of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment which are presently available fail to cure the majority of cancer patients. Pre operative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy represents a new approach in drug scheduling, based on sound theoretical, pharmacokinetic, and experimental principles. The preoperative timing of chemotherapy before definitive sur gery is not a minor change in the therapy of cancer. To be successful, large numbers of practitioners and their patients must participate. Substantial alterations of many aspects of the present management of cancer will have to follow. Therefore, before such therapy can be fully and routinely implemented, results of the novel treatment and its rationale have to be carefully evaluated. In preoperative treatment, other features will likely gain impor tance. For the first time, clinicians have a chance to follow the in vivo response of the tumor exposed to preoperative chemotherapy. The subsequent histological assessment of the tumor sample may likely become an important prognostic guide, permitting more re fined individual approaches to the planning of postoperative adju vant treatment. The value of such a treatment strategy can already be appreciated in the clinical setting, as seen from the therapy of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, preoperative chemotherapy might render previously inoperable tumors operable and hence resectable with a curative intention. The preoperative reduction of tumor bulk may also effectively decrease the need for more radical operations, permitting a more uniform adoption of conservative surgery.
Download or read book Patient Centered Prognosis written by Miller III, Kashani-Sabet, & Sagebiel and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patient-centered prognosis focuses on individual patients. It is a methodology that generates individually tailored probabilistic predictions of a specified medical outcome that a particular patient may experience. Its predictions are based on observable prognostic factors. Because these predictions are both particular-outcome-specific and individual-patient-specific, achieving predictive accuracy poses a formidable challenge. Nevertheless, the patient-centered methodology (PCM) appears to produce more accurate individually tailored patient predictions than current prognostic practice. PCM achieves its greater predictive accuracy by exploiting several analytical devices. 1. It redesigns and retools each successive stage of the prognostic procedure to predict the particular future outcome that the targeted patient could experience. 2. It identifies the existence, the direction, the shape, and the magnitude of each prognostic factors relationship to the particular outcome as that relationship pertains, specifically, to patients similar to the targeted patient. 3. It relies on internal interrelationships among different prognostic factors and the specified outcome to fill in missing observations so that an individually tailored probabilistic prediction is possible, even with incomplete patient data. PCM is applied to 1,222 melanoma patients from the United States and to 1,225 patients from Finland with invasive breast cancer. Substantial improvements in prognostic accuracy are realized in both applications compared to current prognostic practice. Greater accuracy can lead to better treatment selection decisions and to other improvements in patient management. Greater prognostic accuracy can also eliminate unnecessary medical procedures that are frequently both painful and expensive in treating progressive diseases such as cancer.
Download or read book Prognostic factors in non small cell lung cancer written by Luciano Mutti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-12 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Central Nervous System Metastases written by Manmeet Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives. Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.
