Download or read book Productivity and Cost of a Cut to length Commercial Thinning Operation in a Northern California Redwood Forest written by Kigwang Baek and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cut-to-length (CTL) harvesting systems have recently been introduced to the redwood forests of California's north coast. These machines are being used to commercially thin dense redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) stands which tend to form clumps of stems that vigorously sprout from stumps after a harvest. One of the challenges is to avoid damaging residual trees which can decrease productivity, increase costs, and lower the market value of trees. The goal of this study was to evaluate the productivity and costs associated with CTL systems used in a redwood forests and use that data to develop equations for predictions. Time and motion study methods were used to calculate the productivity of a harvester and forwarder used during the winter and summer seasons. Regression equations for each machine were developed to predict delay-free cycle (DFC) times. Key factors that influenced productivity for the harvesters was tree diameter and distance between harvested trees. Productivity for the harvesting ranged from 28.8 to 35.6 m3 per productive machine hour (PMH). For the forwarders, the number of logs per load and travel distance were important factors affecting productivity. Forwarder productivity ranged from 22.4 to 23.3 m3 per PMH. Total stump-to-truck costs for CTL harvesting system ranged from US$17.1 to $22.8 per m3.

Download or read book Production and Costs of Cut to length Thinning written by Loren D. Kellogg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using multiple linear regression equations with indicator variables, we compared both harvesting and forwarding cycle times among treatments. We conducted detailed time studies on a harvester and a forwarder and used these data to develop two regression equations to predict delay-free harvest cycle times and delay-free forwarding cycle times. Delay information was gathered from both shift-level and detailed time studies. Total costs for each treatment were obtained by combining costs for harvesting, forwarding, and moving equipment in and out for the entire operation.

Download or read book Commercial Thinning in Small diameter Spruce fir Stands Production and Cost of Skidding and Skyline Yarding with and Without Prebunching written by Robert S. Seymour and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparison of Productivity for Whole Tree Tree Length and Log Length Skyline Thinning in 35 Year Old Douglas fir Stands of Western Oregon written by Nathan E. Putnam and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whole tree and tree length thinning are two alternatives which are likely to be more productive and may prove to be more cost effective than conventional log length thinning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare log length, tree length, and whole tree thinning techniques in terms of productivity and harvesting costs. The thinning operation took place in a second-growth Douglas-fir stand [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] (average dbh = 12.8") using a small skyline yarder (28' tower, 120 HP) in a gravity return configuration. The treatments were defined by the amount of work done by the faller prior to yarding. Log length implies that felling, limbing, bucking and topping occured at the stump. Tree length indicates that trees were felled, limbed and topped only, and finally, whole trees were felled only prior to yarding. A rubber-tired cable skidder was used to swing material from the landing chute to a processing area. Here the skidder operator Forest Engineering presented on April 14, 1983 completed any limbing and bucking which was necessary. He then sorted and decked the logs prior to loading. During log length thinning, logs were either cold decked in front of the yarder or swung with the skidder to a loading deck. Detailed time studies were used to evaluate the felling and yarding operations for each of the three thinning techniques. Multiple linear regression was then used to develop predictive models for felling and yarding work cycles. An analysis of the delays on this study made it possible to separate out delays which were affected by a particular thinning technique, rather than having a single prorated delay time as is usually done. By combining results from the regression and delay analyses, estimates of productivity for each thinning technique were obtained. Finally, harvesting costs in dollars per cunit at the loading deck were generated and used to compare log length, tree length, and whole tree thinning. Results indicated that where cold decking is feasible and will not overly hamper the operation it will probably still be the cheapest alternative since a skidder is not required. The cost per cunit for this method was $8.24 or 11% cheaper than its closest competitor, the whole tree system. However, where cold decking is not feasible, as is often the case on steep slopes with narrow roads, the whole tree technique will be the most cost effective alternative. It has a per cunit cost which is $10.06 or 12% less expensive than conventional log length thinning with a skidder swing. The advantage to the whole tree system results primarily from transferring limbing and bucking from the stump to the landing where it is not only done more efficiently, but also reduces operator idle time on the skidder swing.

Download or read book Forest Industries written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth Yield Report for the Whiskey Springs Redwood Commercial Thinning Study written by James L. Lindquist and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary available via the World Wide Web; address as of 5/28/2004,

Download or read book Tractor Thinning Productivity and Costs written by Loren D. Kellogg and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harvesting productivity rates and costs were determined for three silvicultural treatments used in commercial ground-based thinning of young stands to achieve timber management objectives and enhance wildlife habitat. Treatment definitions were based on residual trees per acre (tpa) after thinning. The treatments were light thin (115 residual tpa), light thin with 0.5-ac openings (92 residual tpa), and heavy thin (53 residual tpa). The three study sites were 44- to 46- yr-old stands of Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] located in the Cascade Mountains of west central Oregon. Detailed time studies were conducted on timber fallers and crawler tractors and used to develop multiple linear regression models to predict delay-free felling and skidding cycle times for each site. The independent variables common to the regression models to determine delay-free felling cycle time at all sites were diameter at breast height, number of cuts, and number of limbs cut. Only skidding distance was common to all regression models for determining delay-free skidding cycle time. Total costs for each treatment were obtained by combining felling, skidding, and moving costs for the entire operation. Felling costs ranged from $7.20/CCF to $17.73/CCF. Skidding and loading costs ranged from $15.42/CCF to $38.69/ CCF. The cost and productivity results from this study emphasize the importance for forest managers to consider factors such as volume removed and skidding distance when prescribing alternative silvicultural treatments for young Douglas-fir stands.

Download or read book The Feasibility of Labor Intensive Commercial Thinning in Lower Michigan Pine Plantations written by Douglas Hugh Soules and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Commercial Thinning a Coastal Second growth Forest with a Timberjack Cut to length System written by Jim A. Hunt and published by Pointe-Claire, Québec : Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada = Institut canadien de recherches en génie forestier. This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Tree Size and Stand Density on Harvester and Forwarder Productivity in Commercial Thinning written by Brian Bulley and published by Pointe-Claire, Québec : Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada = Institut canadien de recherches en génie forestier. This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of seven operating areas in Alberta, intended to quantify the effect of tree size and stand density on harvester and forwarder productivity. Looks at costs and damage to residual trees.

Download or read book Influence of Obstacles on Vehicle Mobility and Productivity in a Mechanized Commercial Thinning Operation written by Yasuo Kohata and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Tree and Bundle Size on the Productivity and Costs of Cut to length and Multi stem Harvesting Systems in Eucalyptus Pulpwood written by Andrew Mark McEwan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is currently a global increase in Eucalyptus pulpwood plantations. Harvesting systems traditionally utilised in the northern hemisphere are being used in Eucalyptus pulpwood plantations worldwide. However, the small tree size and complexity of debarking Eucalyptus have provided harvesting with productivity and cost challenges not previously experienced in northern-hemisphere conditions. Much research has been invested in these two harvesting methods in northern-hemisphere species and conditions. There is little research available on mechanised processing-machine productivity and costs in Eucalyptus. This investigation aimed to quantify the effect that tree and bundle size has on the productivity of different processing machines in Eucalyptus plantation pulpwood. This was done through regression analysis, whereby productivity models that included tree size and bundle size were constructed. The research also aimed to determine whether or not the multi-stem systems were more cost-effective in smaller tree sizes. The research investigated five mechanised harvesting options that forestry managers could use in Eucalyptus pulpwood plantations. These systems consisted of one CTL system, one full-tree system with single-stem processing and three full-tree systems with multi-stem processing. The CTL system used a harvester to process the trees into logs and to extract them. The full-tree system with single-stem processing used a dangle-head processor (DHP) to process trees into logs. The first full-tree system with multi-stem processing used a chain-flail debrancher debarker (CFDD) to produce debarked and debranched tree lengths, which were slashed into logs. The remaining full-tree, multi-stem systems both produced chips. The first used a chain-flail debrancher debarker chipper (CFDDC) and the second, a CFDD feeding into a stand-alone disc chipper (CFDD & C). The productivity data, measured as m3 per productive machine hour (PMH), was then statistically analysed using regression techniques. Productivity equations were formulated, considering tree size and bundle size, as well as the quadratic functions of these two variables and the interaction between them. Bundle size was only applicable to the multi-stem processing machines. The productivity equations successfully predicted processing-machine productivity, using tree size and bundle size as input variables. Apart from the 0.075 m3 tree size class, the CFDD had the highest overall productivity. The costs of the five systems were then calculated for different tree sizes. No single system was more cost-effective than the others across all tree sizes. In 0.075 m3 trees, the CFDDC system proved the most cost-effective. All systems evidenced high costs in the 0.075 m3 trees, ranging between $19.43 per m3 for the CFDDC system to $28.84 for the harvester system. In 0.40 m3 trees, the cost differences between systems were lower, ranging from .91 per m3 for the DHP system to $11.84 per m3 for the CFDD & C. This study confirms that the CTL system was very expensive to operate in the small tree sizes (0.075 m3). There is a cross-over point at 0.25 m3 per tree, where the CTL system costs become lower than those of the full-tree system. At the 0.40 m3 tree size, the full-tree system is slightly more expensive than the CTL system. Copyright.

Download or read book Commercial Thinning a Coastal Second growth Forest with a Timberjak Cut to length System written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Redwood Forest written by Save-the-Redwoods League and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence is mounting that redwood forests, like many other ecosystems, cannot survive as small, isolated fragments in human-altered landscapes. Such fragments lose their diversity over time and, in the case of redwoods, may even lose the ability to grow new, giant trees. The Redwood Forest, written in support of Save-the-Redwood League's master plan, provides scientific guidance for saving the redwood forest by bringing together in a single volume the latest insights from conservation biology along with new information from data-gathering techniques such as GIS and remote sensing. It presents the most current findings on the geologic and cultural history, natural history, ecology, management, and conservation of the flora and fauna of the redwood ecosystem. Leading experts -- including Todd Dawson, Bill Libby, John Sawyer, Steve Sillett, Dale Thornburgh, Hartwell Welch, and many others -- offer a comprehensive account of the redwoods ecosystem, with specific chapters examining: the history of the redwood lineage, from the Triassic Period to the present, along with the recent history of redwoods conservation life history, architecture, genetics, environmental relations, and disturbance regimes of redwoods terrestrial flora and fauna, communities, and ecosystems aquatic ecosystems landscape-scale conservation planning management alternatives relating to forestry, restoration, and recreation. The Redwood Forest offers a case study for ecosystem-level conservation and gives conservation organizations the information, technical tools, and broad perspective they need to evaluate redwood sites and landscapes for conservation. It contains the latest information from ground-breaking research on such topics as redwood canopy communities, the role of fog in sustaining redwood forests, and the function of redwood burls. It also presents sobering lessons from current research on the effects of forestry activities on the sensitive faunas of redwood forests and streams. The key to perpetuating the redwood forest is understanding how it functions; this book represents an important step in establishing such an understanding. It presents a significant body of knowledge in a single volume, and will be a vital resource for conservation scientists, land use planners, policymakers, and anyone involved with conservation of redwoods and other forests.

Download or read book Productivity and Cost of Cut to length and Whole tree Harvesting in a Mixed conifer Stand written by Adebola B. Adebayo and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Productivity of a Modified Method of Pre commercial Thinning written by Canada/Nova Scotia Cooperation Agreement for Forestry Development and published by Truro, N.S. : Department of Natural Resources. This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Commercial Thinning a Coastal Coastal Second growth Forest with a Timberjack Cut to length System written by James A. Hunt and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: