Download or read book La evoluci n geogr fica de la productividad y el empleo written by Elena Ianchovichina and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2024-03-19 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En La evolución geográfica de la productividad y el empleo: Ideas para lograr un crecimiento inclusivo a través de una perspectiva territorial en América Latina y el Caribe se utiliza una perspectiva territorial para comprender las tasas de crecimiento económico persistentemente bajas de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Utilizando nuevos datos y métodos, se muestra que la desindustrialización, la distancia y las divisiones son factores interrelacionados que explican la paradoja de la productividad urbana en ALC, a saber: las ciudades densamente pobladas deberían estar entre las más productivas del mundo, pero no lo están. Las ciudades de ALC se han visto frenadas por la falta de dinamismo, la mala conectividad y las divisiones en barrios pobres y prósperos desconectados. A causa de la desindustrialización, el empleo urbano se ha desplazado, especialmente en las ciudades más grandes de la región, de las manufacturas a actividades no comercializables menos dinámicas y de baja productividad, como el comercio minorista y los servicios personales y de otra índole, que se benefician menos con la aglomeración, sobre todo en ciudades muy congestionadas. Si bien el empleo en el sector de los servicios comercializables urbanos ha aumentado, el alza ha sido lo suficientemente firme como para compensar la disminución del empleo en el sector manufacturero. Al mismo tiempo, los problemas de conectividad interurbana han menoscabado el desempeño de la red de ciudades de la región, dado que restringen el acceso a los mercados y la capacidad de las empresas para beneficiarse de la especialización reubicándose en ciudades más pequeñas. Dentro de las ciudades, la conectividad deficiente y la segregación del mercado laboral residencial han limitado los beneficios de la aglomeración a los vecindarios de los distritos comerciales centrales donde operan las empresas formales. La informalidad ha persistido en los barrios de bajos ingresos, cuyos habitantes enfrentan múltiples privaciones. En cambio, muchas zonas agrícolas y mineras se han beneficiado con la fuerte demanda de productos básicos por parte de China y otras economías de rápido crecimiento, particularmente durante la década dorada (2003-13), lo que llevó a una disminución de la desigualdad territorial en la mayoría de los países de la región. Se concluye que, para fomentar el crecimiento inclusivo, los países deben transformar más eficientemente la riqueza natural en capital humano, infraestructura e instituciones, y mejorar la competitividad de la economía urbana. En tal sentido, se esbozan los contornos de dicha strategia de desarrollo, identificando las prioridades en materia de políticas a nivel nacional, regional y local.
Download or read book El Emprendimiento en Am rica Latina written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El emprendimiento es un determinante fundamental del crecimiento y la creación de empleo. Pese a que los emprendedores abundan en América Latina y el Caribe, las empresas de la región son más pequeñas y menos propensas a crecer e innovar que las de otras regiones. El crecimiento de la productividad lleva décadas siendo mediocre y el reciente period de auge de las materias primas no ha supuesto una excepción. Así pues, la presencia de emprendedores dinámicos será necesaria para impulsar la creación de puestos de trabajo de calidad y la aceleración del crecimiento de la productividad en la región. En El emprendimiento en América Latina: muchas empresas y poca innovación se estudia el panorama del emprendimiento en América Latina y el Caribe. El libro recurre a nuevas bases de datos que abordan cuestiones como la creación de empresas, las dinámicas empresariales, las decisiones de exportar y el comportamiento de las corporaciones multinacionales y sintetiza los resultados de un análisis exhaustivo del estatus, las perspectivas y los retos del emprendimiento en la región. Asimismo, el libro suministra herramientas útiles e información para ayudar a los profesionales y responsables de las políticas a identificar los ámbitos de las mismas que los gobiernos pueden explorar para impulsar la innovación e incentivar el emprendimiento transformador con potencial de crecimiento elevado.
Download or read book Latin American Economic Outlook 2023 Investing in Sustainable Development written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America and the Caribbean needs an ambitious and comprehensive investment agenda to embark on a stronger and more sustainable development trajectory. The 16th edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook proposes ways to make this possible through co-ordinated actions by policy makers, the private sector and international partners.
Download or read book Documents of the Round Table on Rural Competitiveness Prospects for Research and Development in the Agricultural Sector written by and published by IICA Biblioteca Venezuela. This book was released on with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog written by University of Texas. Library. Latin American Collection and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Productivity Dynamics in Emerging and Industrialized Countries written by Deb Kusum Das and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world, of late, has seen a productivity slowdown. Many countries continue to recover from various shocks in the macro business environment, along with structural changes and inward looking policies. In contemporary times of growth slumps, various exits and protectionist regimes, this book engages with the study of productivity dynamics in the emerging and industrialized economies. The essays address the crucial aspects, such as the roles of human capital, investment accounting and datasets, that help understanding of productivity performance of global economy and its several regions. This book will be of interest to academics, practitioners and professionals in the field of economic growth, productivity and development studies. This will also be an important reference on empirical industrial economics in both India and the world.
Download or read book Conferences and Organizations Series written by Pan American Union. Division of Conferences and Organizations and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 1370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean written by United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and published by UN. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2014 looks at how economic growth in the region has been slowing since 2011, and the data available for the first six months of 2014 indicate that the region will not match the growth rate of 2.5% recorded in 2013. Growth has been muted over the first few months of the year, owing to stagnant gross fixed capital formation and faltering private consumption. Government consumption, on the other hand, has picked up, and the net contribution of exports has been more positive than during the same period of the previous year. A regional growth rate of 2.2% is forecast for 2014.
Download or read book Investment in Health written by and published by Pan American Health Org. This book was released on 2001 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication considers the final reports of three research projects that explored how investing in health can benefit economic growth, household productivity, and poverty reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. It contains case studies of health systems and policies in a number of countries including Brazil, Jamaica, Mexico and Peru; as well as a review of experiences from other regions in the world regarding health inequalities and poverty alleviation.
Download or read book Contribution To The Critique Of The Concept Of Underdevelopment Of ECLAC written by José Eulogio Torres Ábrego and published by ibukku. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of Panamanian nationality, Dr. José E. Torres Ábrego, is a master's degree in Economics on Universidad de la Amistad de los Pueblos (Patricio Lumumba) from Moscow, a doctoral candidate for specialty in Theory of Development and History of Economics of University of Paris, and doctor in Political Sciences of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M). Among other charges employed in Mexico, he has been professor of the Faculty of Economy of the U.N.A.M. and the Division of Higher Studies of the Faculty of Political Sciences. Since 1983 he is a full professor at the Faculty of Economics of the Universidad de Panama where he teaches the subjects national economic problems, Economic policy, Public finance, Economic fundamentals and social sciences in Latin America, Research methodology, etc. He has been director of the Research and Postgraduate Department of the Faculty of Economics of the Universidad de Panama. In his non-teaching experience, it is important to note that he has been an Expert in Administrative and Financial Matters of the Banco Interamericano de (B.I.D) to advise small and medium enterprises; and advisor trade union organizations and professions. Has delivered and participated in multiple conferences and round tables, and has published countless articles and works in various national and international journals. Among his main works are Population, Economy and Society in Panama (Contribution to the critique of Panamanian historiography), in two volumes, Volume 2 of the Panamanian Culture Library; Editorial Universitaria, 2nd. edition, Panama, 2014; The major challenges posed by the reversal of Canal and its Adjacent Areas to Panama and World Trade; Editorial. edition, Panama, 1999; Contribution to the study of underdevelopment (from monoproduction to modern oligarchy), Editorial Universitaria, 3rd. edition, Panama, 1995. In the process of awareness of the objective reality arise certain concepts through which man fixate and express the proprieties, characteristics and links of the objects and phenomena’s of the outside world. The concepts that reflect the most important aspects, links and or characteristics of a field of phenomena’s constitute its categories. Each science possesses its own categories. In the case of the field of Theory of underdevelopment its categories arise during the first postwar period. After the Second World War, in publications of the United Nations began the utilization of the category underdeveloped to designate the specific-historical reality of the peripheral countries linked to the capitalist system. It was expressed, with this category, the set of properties, characteristics, links and relationships, generally-essential and specific, of the new phenomena that reached in the process of its evolution the point of its full maturity. It was the way, to say it in a different manner, that the thought was taking ownership of this new historical reality. To such a point did society become aware of the underdevelopment that innumerable dependencies arose state, international, academically and university wide by those overseeing the phenomenon.
Download or read book Capability Promoting Policies written by Hans-Uwe Otto and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can unjust societies be overcome with a better distribution of opportunities to flourish? How can human development be revitalised in countries where social welfare is being questioned? In short, how can human development be fostered in practice? These are some of the important questions asked in this volume through analysis of existing policies and conceptualisations of coherent and systematic strategies for human development policies at the local, national and international level. International contributors innovatively combine the hitherto unpaired perspectives of the capability approach and the tradition of critical social policy with empirical examples using case studies from South-Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North and South America. The result is a call for a new, feasible approach towards more socially balanced, democratic and innovative capability-promoting policy activities, models and programmes that reduce social and human suffering to promote an enhanced social quality of current societies around the world.
Download or read book Natural Resources and Divergence written by Cristián Ducoing and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the 'natural resource curse' destiny? Are different ways to link natural resources and economic development? Using two particular regions as case studies, this edited collection examines the divergent development paths of natural resource rich countries over the past two centuries. Bolivia, Chile and Peru are neighbour states with a common history and are globally known by their mining endowments. Norway and Sweden have also a strong common history, and different natural resource endowments (forestry, mining and fishing) are essential to understand their current economic success. By comparing natural resource management in the long run in these two divergent regions, this book can help rethink how developing countries can better take advantage of their natural resource endowments. Specifically, the book examines the interaction between natural resources and different key determinants of long-term development: trade, fiscal policy, sustainability, human capital accumulation and business strategies.
Download or read book Diversity of Capitalisms in Latin America written by Ilán Bizberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “One of the definite merits of this book is to cleverly mix a theoretical breakthrough with a meticulous historical and empirical account of the transformations of some key Latin American countries. First, it is at the frontier of a research agenda initiated back to the end of the 1970s, second it clearly distinguishes between an ideal-type approach and the complexity of any specific national configuration and its transformation in history. Furthermore, the author provides decisive arguments against a pure economic determinism too frequently supposed to govern institutions building and reforms. Last but not least, the book culminates by an impressive analysis of the crises that quite any Latin America society experiences at the end the 2010s.” -Robert Boyer, Institut des Amériques, Paris, France. This book defends the idea that there are significant structural and institutional differences between the countries in Latin America. Building off the results of a four-year research project, Bizberg argues against the idea that in Latin America there is one single type of capitalism—a hierarchical one—that is entangled in a vicious cycle. Rather, there are clusters of countries that have had similar historical trajectories, analogous structures, or comparable reactions to changes to the world economy, but have not all followed the same mode of development. Just as analysts have found a variety of capitalisms in developed countries, it is possible to identify the emergence of different types of capitalism in Latin America since the 1980s debt crisis. These varieties of capitalism are defined according to categories—including the articulation to the world economy, the role of the State, the structure of the political system and the action of civil society—which give rise to distinct wage relations, comprising the industrial relations system and the welfare regime.
Download or read book Las nuevas fuentes de productividad perspectiva en Am rica Latina written by Darío Jesús Quiroga Parra and published by Fondo Editorial – Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los procesos de globalización e internacionalización de los mercados y las econo-mías de los países han hecho que la sociedad global internacional comprenda que el mundo del siglo xxi está conformado por países ricos y pobres, esto es países desarrollados y países en desarrollo. La marcada diferencia entre los dos bloques económicos fue la pregunta que se hicieron los unos y los otros. La respuesta a la pregunta se mostró más allá de la lectura literal de los textos, en la lectura abduc-tiva de la dinámica de los contextos históricos globales del desarrollo económico, educativo, institucional, cultural, del capital social, como también de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (ct&i) en cada país y región. Por una parte, estuvieron las realidades empíricas vividas de cada país, las cuales, mediante las experiencias económicas, sociales, culturales, tecnológicas e institucionales de las personas, quienes expresaron las vivencias en cada espacio y en cada época. Por otro lado, está la ciencia que, igualmente a través del tiempo, ha estado mostrando con el conocimiento y las evidencias científicas, las realidades de las diferencias entre países en desarrollo y países desarrollados. Ciertamente, la humanidad en los últimos dos siglos y medio ha tenido una dinámica tecnológica y de generación de conocimientos, sin precedentes en la historia. Dinámica propiciada por los saltos cuánticos de las últimas tres revoluciones industriales, en las cuales la pro-ducción de conocimiento favorecido por los niveles de educación de las personas ha generado volúmenes hipergeométrica de este. Hecho que ha llevado a un ace-leramiento dinámico de las innovaciones tecnológicas, no pronosticado antes. El libro, en su conjunto, tomó como propósito realizar un análisis teórico, estadís-tico y econométrico de lo denominado en las últimas cuatro décadas por los paí-ses desarrollados como las nuevas fuentes de productividad en América Latina, en relación con la productividad y la competitividad. Las bases bibliográficas digitales de Scopus facilitaron la búsqueda de la literatura internacional, nacional y las bases de datos del Foro Económico Mundial, el Banco Mundial y Transparencia Internacional fueron la fuente de la información estadística. Los resultados pre-sentaron el estado real de América Latina en las variables de capital humano, tec-nologías de la información y la comunicación (tic), innovación e instituciones, como también el avance de la región en el tema de gestión del conocimiento. El libro concluyó mostrando los fuertes rezagos de América Latina en cuanto a la calidad en educación (capital humano), tic, innovación, con fallas de calidad en las instituciones extractivas y no inclusivas que pueden estar afectando la productividad y la competitividad de la región.
Download or read book Technical Change And Social Conflict In Agriculture written by Martin E Pineiro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the intellectual production of the first phase of the Cooperative Research Project on Agricultural Technology in Latin America (PROTAAL) and the most relevant papers presented by invitees at a meeting held in San Jose, Costa Rica in September 1981.
