Download or read book Productive word formation processes in neologisms written by Dorothea Wolschak and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, language: English, abstract: People have always been interested in language. First records of Sanskrit grammar, morphology and word-formation rules were written down by Panini over 2500 years ago. So it is not surprising that especially now with all the possibilities technology offers, linguists are determined to identify THE word-formation-theory. In the last century there has been a boom in publishing, creating enormous corpora that allow linguists to study a far wider range of written language. Due to the technological possibility of sound and video recording, there are also numerous spoken accounts of language available now (Bauer 1994, 9). In the last decades however, according to Bauer, word-formation is a rather “confused area of study“(2002, xiii), mostly because of its various terminology as well as different methodological and theoretical approaches. Therefore this paper will concentrate on and use the standard terminology Bauer agreed on in English Word-formation. Bauer notes furthermore the confusion in the field of productivity in word-formation. The fact that word-formation processes are in fact productive and create new lexemes can be proved by consulting any dictionary of neologisms or updates in other dictionaries. Nevertheless, linguists dispute over the extent to which word-formation is productive generally. Here the dispute between transformationalist and lexicalist positions to productivity should be mentioned (2002, 62 f., 75). But since this paper will focus on specific neologisms added to the Oxford English Dictionary, the decision of what is listed as a new and independent lexicon entry was made by someone else and should not be of any concern here. This paper will deal with the subject of words, especially newly formed words. What exactly are neologisms and how do they come about? What word-formation processes are involved in the creation of new words? How productive are the different types of word-formation? This paper attempts to answer these questions to a certain extent and furthermore picture the contemporary productivity of word-formation patterns by analysing the new word entries of the March 2013 update in the Oxford English Dictionary as a case study.

Download or read book The Most Productive Word Formation Processes of the English Language written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-02-25 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, language: English, abstract: The drumper went on drumping until the drumperism lets him get drumpish.Every time we can form new words with the help of word formation processes. There are many different processes which lead to many different new words. But how can we form such new words? The sentenceThe drumper went on drumping until the drumperism lets him get drumpishconsists of four new or unknown words. I formed these words with the help of a very productive word formation process, called 'derivation'. But what does 'productive' actually mean? Productive in the content of word formation processes means that these processes are responsible for the large part of neologisms (Kortmann 1999: 58). Productive may be also described as “a pattern, meaning that when occasion demands, the pattern may be used as a model for new items.” (Adams 1973: 197). Some processes are more productive than others. This research paper deals with the most productive word formation processes of the English language, namely 'derivation', which includes 'prefixation', 'suffixation' and 'infixation', 'compounding' and 'conversion'. The word formation process 'back formation' is regarded as a borderline case, i.e. it can be counted as a member of the most productive word formation processes or as a member of the so called secondary word formation processes (Schmid 2005: 87). Because of the relation between compounding, especially compound verbs, and back formation I will treat the process in this research paper too. After an introduction of some basic morphological terms as well as a definition of the term 'word formation' I will present the different stages a new formed word has to pass until it can be regarded as a member of the vocabulary because not every new formed word will become established. Afterwards, in the main part of this research paper, I will present these most productive word formation processes named above and give suitable examples in each case. Finally the term 'blocking' will be introduced, i.e. there are some words which just cannot be formed because there is already another word which carries the appropriate meaning and thus 'blocks' the new word (Schmid 2005: 117). In the conclusion I will give an outlook for the secondary word formation processes and a review of words which are included in the dictionary newly.

Download or read book Morphological Productivity written by Ingo Plag and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

Download or read book Neologisms and COVID 19 Word Formation Processes Relating to COVID 19 in Articles and Everyday Usage written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,0, University of Flensburg, language: English, abstract: This term paper will guide the reader through a linguistic analysis of different word-formation processes in new words related to COVID-19. The Coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, is an infectious disease affecting the respiratory system. More and more confirmed cases are being reported worldwide with each passing day. It first started in China towards the end of 2019. However, the virus became unstoppable and resulted in an ongoing pandemic. Not only has the virus led to numerous far-reaching educational, political, psychological, and social impacts, but also a major outbreak of new words and idioms. "Established terms such as self-isolating, pandemic, quarantine, lockdown and key workers have increased in use, while coronavirus/ COVID-19 neologisms are being coined quicker than ever" (Lawson 2020). These new words are quickly becoming part of our daily terminology as the virus continues to spread and kills more and more people all over the world. The meaning of many words is probably known, but where these terms also familiar to us six months ago? Nevertheless, what do we understand under the concept of neologisms? Which words have entered the dictionaries? The corpus of this work consists of four articles/ websites from which the analyzed words are taken. The theoretical part consists of definitions and explanations of different word-formation processes, such as abbreviations (including acronyms and initialisms), compounding, blending, and conversion. The third section contains a detailed analysis of 15 words for which concepts from the theoretical part will be used. Subsequently, the conclusion will sum up the findings.

Download or read book Productivity in English Word formation written by Jesús Fernández Domínguez and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a contribution to the study of morphological productivity, that is, the property of word-formation processes whereby new words are created to satisfy a naming need. It presents an up-to-date picture of this phenomenon, characterising its major attributes and addressing neighbouring theoretical concepts like availability, profitability or lexicalisation. Links are also established between those notions and N+N compounding, a word-formation process regarded as very productive but traditionally overlooked in studies of this type. Unlike other productivity surveys, mostly directed at affixation, a corpus of N+N compounds is here compiled to which the mainstream models of productivity are applied. This allows to detect the pros and cons of those proposals and to propose a model of productivity. Two measures, Indicator of Profitability (π) and Trend of Profitability (Π), are introduced which can be applied across word-formation processes and are able to compute their productivity based on semantic categories.

Download or read book Morphological Productivity written by Laurie Bauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-28 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are there more English words ending in -ness than ending in -ity? What is it about some endings that makes them more widely usable than others? Can we measure the differences in the facility with which the various affixes are used? Does the difference in facility reflect a difference in the way we treat words containing these affixes in the brain? These are the questions examined in this book. Morphological productivity has, over the centuries, been a major factor in providing the huge vocabulary of English and remains one of the most contested areas in the study of word-formation and structure. This book takes an eclectic approach to the topic, applying the findings for morphology to syntax and phonology. Bringing together the results of twenty years' work in the field, it provides new insights and considers a wide range of linguistic and psycholinguistic evidence.

Download or read book An Analysis of Neologisms and Word Formation Processes related to Covid 19 written by Marvin Loye and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-06-29 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Leipzig (Institut für Anglistik), course: Systemlinguistik: Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, language: English, abstract: This research focuses on the linguistic field of morphology, investigating neologisms that emerged due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Firstly, morphological terms and definitions are presented in order to explain how these words were created, followed by a thorough explanation of how neologisms are formed through word-formation processes. Then, this study inspects a corpus of hundred neologisms related to the coronavirus to examine through which types of word-formation they were produced. In addition, the research aims to figure out what processes are the most productive regarding these Covid-inspired words. Finally, the results are discussed and tabulated. At the beginning of 2020, the infectious coronavirus disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, spread globally and turned into a worldwide pandemic (Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), n.d.). As a result, not only did the virus cause six million deaths and a socio-economic crisis, but it also influenced the English language (WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, n.d.). The human language is always changing and evolving because it needs to adapt to the changing needs of its speakers (Birner, n.d.). Eventually, certain developments such as the outbreak of the coronavirus will automatically lead to a linguistic change in unpredictable ways (Crystal, 2003). Since individuals had to face social distancing, lockdowns, quarantines, and the dangers of the coronavirus itself, a vast number of neologisms, meaning new words in a certain language, emerged in order to describe the changing realities (Yule, 1996). Such a change in language can influence “formal linguistic aspects of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics”, as well as non-linguistic factors of pragmatic and social aspects of language (Al-Salman & Haider, 2021).

Download or read book Word Formation in English written by Ingo Plag and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-10-30 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides an accessible introduction to the study of word-formation, that is, the ways in which new words are built on the bases of other words (e.g. happy - happy-ness), focusing on English. The book's didactic aim is to enable students with little or no prior linguistic knowledge to do their own practical analyses of complex words. Readers are familiarized with the necessary methodological tools to obtain and analyze relevant data and are shown how to relate their findings to theoretical problems and debates. The book is not written in the perspective of a particular theoretical framework and draws on insights from various research traditions, reflecting important methodological and theoretical developments in the field. It is a textbook directed towards university students of English at all levels. It can also serve as a source book for teachers and advanced students, and as an up-to-date reference concerning many word-formation processes in English.

Download or read book Word Formation in the World s Languages written by Pavol Štekauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fills a gap in cross-linguistic research by being the first systematic survey of the word-formation of the world's languages. Data from fifty-five world languages reveals associations between word-formation processes in genetically and geographically distinct languages.

Download or read book Handbook of Word Formation written by Pavol Štekauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive book to date on word formation in terms of scope of topics, schools and theoretical positions. All contributions were written by the leading scholars in their respective areas.

Download or read book The word formation process clipping written by Katrin Blatt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Marburg, language: English, abstract: Morphology is an extensive field of linguistics which deals among other things with different ways of forming neologisms and the shortening of words. The following paper concentrates on the specific word-formation process „clipping“. To be able to give an adequate insight into this field of morphology, certain important aspects will be examined, such as the rules of this word-formation process, the usage of clippings in today’s language and the development of this linguistic phenomenon over the past few decades. During the preparation for this paper, I became curious about how we use clippings in everyday language and which form, the original or the clipped word, is used more often. Do we say more often “mathematics” or “math”? Is the more common term “advertisement” or “ad”? Even more interesting is to find out in which context which form is used more often. Are clippings still assumed as more colloquial or could some words already are taken over into Standard English and therefore into the academic world? Are clippings restricted to either spoken or written language? To answer those questions, I will mainly work with two different corpora of American English, namely the “Time Magazine Corpus” and the “Corpus of Contemporary American English”. These corpora give much information about usage and development of certain words in different contexts. However, it has to be said, that this paper can only give a short introductory overview of the word-formation process ‘clipping’. In the first part of this paper the word-formation process ‘clipping’ and the different types of ‘clipping’ will be explained. Then a short overview about the two corpora used in this paper will be given. After that, I will first compare six words and their clippings since the 1920s, based on the “Time Magazine Corpus”. The next chapter will be about the comparison of the same words in different contexts from 1990 until today, based on the “Corpus of Contemporary American English”. In the end, a conclusion of the results will be presented.

Download or read book Morphology written by Francis Katamba and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1993-09-15 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphology is a lively, comprehensive introduction to morphological theory and analysis in contemporary generative grammar. It is designed to take absolute beginners to a point where they can approach the current literature in the subject. It contains numerous in-text exercises which involve the reader in doing morphology by formulating hypotheses and testing them against data from English and numerous other languages. Although primarily intended to be a course book for use on morphology courses, it will also be useful for students taking courses in the closely related sub-fields of phonology and syntax. The book is divided into three parts:. Part 1 surveys traditional and structuralist notions of word-structure which still provide the necessary background to morphological investigations. Part 2 explores the relationship between the lexicon, morphology and phonology in current generative grammar. Part 3 examines issues in the interaction between the lexicon, morphology and syntax.

Download or read book The Concept of Productivity in Linguistics and its Relevance for the English Classroom written by Benedikt Liebsch and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Leipzig, language: English, abstract: This seminar paper is concerned with the linguistic concept of productivity. The term is defined and factors that limit productivity in linguistics are pointed out (Constraints on Productivity). Finally, the relevance of productivity for English lessons is shown, which should be interesting for teachers to be.

Download or read book Analogy in Word formation written by Elisa Mattiello and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills a gap in lexical morphology, especially with reference to analogy in English word-formation. Many studies have focused their interest on the role played by analogy within English inflectional morphology. However, the analogical mechanism also deserves investigation on account of its relevance to neology in English. This volume provides in-depth qualitative analyses and stimulating quantitative findings in this realm.

Download or read book Recent Trends in English Word Formation written by Bastian Heynen and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-02-23 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.0, University of Dusseldorf "Heinrich Heine" (English Linguistics), course: English Word-Formation, language: English, abstract: This paper will discuss recent trends in English word formation. To elaborate on the subject it starts to define what word formation is and how it fits into morphology, the part of linguistics dealing with words and their basic units. In the first part it will discuss basic terms and promote the necessary understanding of word analysis. We will discuss what productivity is and what constitutes a new word. Included is also a short introduction in the theory of the lexicon, where the so called lexemes are stored. The second part will go on with the introduction of recent neologisms that I found interesting, using the circumstance to discuss the basic patterns of word formation. It is not a complete list of recent neologisms, nor is it a statistical analysis of corpora. I will elaborate on certain aspects of word formation patterns with chosen examples. Most neologisms dealt with in this paper can be found in Maxwell (2006); few exceptions can be found the internet. We will also look for irregularities and ask ourselves whether there are any cases in which new words refer to old words. In the last part of the paper I will have a look at the sources of word formation. Are there any fields in which new words are especially frequent? Are those fields easy to distinguish from each other? Why are these fields important? The intention of this paper is to give a summary of recent development concerning new words and what such a development might mean to us.

Download or read book An Onomasiological Theory of English Word formation written by Pavol Štekauer and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavol Štekauer presents an original approach to the intricate problems of English word-formation. The emphasis is on the process of coining new naming units (words). This is described by an onomasiological model, which takes as its point of departure the naming needs of a speech community, and proceeds through conceptual reflection of extra-linguistic reality and semantic analysis to the form of a new naming unit. As a result, it is the form which implements options given by semantics by means of the so-called Form-to-Meaning Assignment Principle. Word-formation is conceived of as an independent component, interrelated with the lexical component by supplying it with new naming units, and by making use of the word-formation bases of naming units stored in the Lexicon. The relation to the Syntactic component is only mediated through the Lexical component. In addition, the book presents a new approach to productivity. It is maintained that word-formation processes are as productive as syntactic processes. This radically new approach provides simple answers to a number of traditional problems of word-formation.

Download or read book Expanding the Lexicon written by Sabine Arndt-Lappe and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The creation of new lexical units and patterns has been studied in different research frameworks, focusing on either system-internal or system-external aspects, from which no comprehensive view has emerged. The volume aims to fill this gap by studying dynamic processes in the lexicon – understood in a wide sense as not being necessarily limited to the word level – by bringing together approaches directed to morphological productivity as well as approaches analyzing general types of lexical innovation and the role of discourse-related factors. The papers deal with ongoing changes as well as with historical processes of change in different languages and reflect on patterns and specific subtypes of lexical innovation as well as on their external conditions and the speakers’ motivations for innovating. Moreover, the diffusion and conventionalization of innovations will be addressed. In this way, the volume contributes to understanding the complex interplay of structural, cognitive and functional factors in the lexicon as a highly dynamic domain.