Download or read book Bainite and Martensite written by Carlos Garcia-Mateo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microstructures of both martensite and bainite, although sharing some common features, depict a plethora of subtle differences that made them unique when studied in further detail. Tailoring the final properties of a microstructure based on one or the other as well as in combination with others and exploring more sophisticated concepts, such as Q&P and nanostructured bainite, are the topics which are the focus of research around the world. In understanding the key microstructural parameters controlling the final properties as well as definition of adequate process parameters to attain the desired microstructures requires that a proper understanding of the mechanism ruling their transformation and a detailed characterization first be acheived. The development of new and powerful scientific techniques and equipment (EBSD, APT, HRTEM, etc.) allow us to gain fundamental insights that help to establish some of the principles by which those microstructures are known. The developments accompanying such findings lead to further developments and intensive research providing the required metallurgical support.

Download or read book Structural Phase Transitions written by A. D. Bruce and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geometry of Crystals Polycrystals and Phase Transformations written by Harshad K. D. H. Bhadeshia and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized into a two-part structure aimed at readers of differing experience levels, Geometry of Crystals, Polycrystals, and Phase Transformations is accessible to both newcomers and advanced researchers within the field of crystallography. The first part of the text covers what any reader in the material sciences, physics, chemistry, earth sciences and natural sciences in general should know about crystallography. It is intentionally concise and covers sufficient material to form a firm foundation. The second part is aimed at researchers and discusses phase transformations, deformations, and interface crystallography in depth. The phase transformations are limited to those dominated by crystallography. The entire book contains worked examples and uniquely deals not just with crystals but aggregates of crystals and solid-state transformations between crystals.

Download or read book Materials Under Extreme Conditions written by A.K. Tyagi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Under Extreme Conditions: Recent Trends and Future Prospects analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of materials exposed to extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, hostile chemical environments, high radiation fields, high vacuum, high magnetic and electric fields, wear and abrasion related to chemical bonding, special crystallographic features, and microstructures. The materials covered in this work encompass oxides, non-oxides, alloys and intermetallics, glasses, and carbon-based materials. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, and technologists in chemical engineering, materials chemistry, chemistry, and condensed matter physics. Describes and analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of a wide range of materials exposed to extreme conditions Brings together information currently scattered across the Internet or incoherently dispersed amongst journals and proceedings Presents chapters on phenomena, materials synthesis, and processing, characterization and properties, and applications Written by established researchers in the field

Download or read book Phase Transitions and Self Organization in Electronic and Molecular Networks written by J.C. Phillips and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in nanoscale science show that the properties of many materials are dominated by internal structures. In molecular cases, such as window glass and proteins, these internal structures obviously have a network character. However, in many partly disordered electronic materials, almost all attempts at understanding are based on traditional continuum models. This workshop focuses first on the phase diagrams and phase transitions of materials known to be composed of molecular networks. These phase properties characteristically contain remarkable features, such as intermediate phases that lead to reversibility windows in glass transitions as functions of composition. These features arise as a result of self-organization of the internal structures of the intermediate phases. In the protein case, this self-organization is the basis for protein folding. The second focus is on partly disordered electronic materials whose phase properties exhibit the same remarkable features. In fact, the phenomenon of High Temperature Superconductivity, discovered by Bednorz and Mueller in 1986, and now the subject of 75,000 research papers, also arises from such an intermediate phase. More recently discovered electronic phenomena, such as giant magnetoresistance, also are made possible only by the existence of such special phases. This book gives an overview of the methods and results obtained so far by studying the characteristics and properties of nanoscale self-organized networks. It demonstrates the universality of the network approach over a range of disciplines, from protein folding to the newest electronic materials.

Download or read book Polar Oxides written by Rainer Waser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, more than 20 experts from leading research institutes around the world present the entire scope of this rapidly developing field. In so doing, they cover a wide range of topics, including the characterization and investigation of structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramic materials, a well as phase transitions, electrical and optical properties and microscopic investigations. Another feature is a complete profile of the properties of polar oxides -- from their proof to their latest applications. Throughout, the authors review, discuss and assess the material properties with regard to new and advanced characterization and imaging techniques. For physicists, physicochemists, semiconductor and solid state physicists, materials scientists, and students of chemistry and physics.

Download or read book Engineering of Crystalline Materials Properties written by Juan J. Novoa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-14 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the state of the art in molecular materials. It collects the lecture notes of a series of lectures given by some of the best specialists in the field at the 2007 Erice International School of Crystallography, and also a NATO-ASI course. The school first established "where we are" in terms of modeling, design, synthesis and applications of crystalline solids with predefined properties and then defined current and possible futuristic lines of development.

Download or read book Neutron Applications in Earth Energy and Environmental Sciences written by Liyuan Liang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences offers a comprehensive overview of the wide ranging applications of neutron scattering techniques to elucidate the fundamental materials properties at the nano-, micro- and meso-scale, which underpin research in the related fields of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences. Introductions to neutron scattering fundamentals and instrumentation are paired with a thorough review of the applications to a large variety of scientific and technological problems, written through the direct experience of leading scientists in each field. Tailored to a wide audience, this volume provides the novice with an inspiring introduction and stimulates the expert to consider these non-conventional problem solving techniques in his/her field of interest. Earth and environmental scientists, engineers, researchers and graduate students involved with materials science will find Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences a valuable ready-to-use reference.

Download or read book Phase Transformations in Steels written by Elena Pereloma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-05-11 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processing-microstructure-property relationships in steels continue to present challenges to researchers because of the complexity of phase transformation reactions and the wide spectrum of microstructures and properties achievable. This major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steels and its implications for the emergence of new steels with enhanced engineering properties. Volume 1 reviews fundamentals and diffusion-controlled phase transformations. After a historical overview, chapters in part one discuss fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics as well as phase boundary interfaces. Chapters in part two go on to consider ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations, pearlite formation and massive austenite-ferrite phase transformations. Part three discusses the mechanisms of bainite transformations, including carbide-containing and carbide-free bainite. The final part of the book considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations, dynamic strain-induced ferrite transformations (DIST) as well as the effects of magnetic fields and heating rates. With its distinguished editors and distinguished international team of contributors, the two volumes of Phase transformations in steels is a standard reference for all those researching the properties of steel and developing new steels in such areas as automotive engineering, oil and gas and energy production. Discusses the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics Considers various transformations, including ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations Considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations

Download or read book Materials Fundamentals of Gate Dielectrics written by Alexander A. Demkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-14 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents materials fundamentals of novel gate dielectrics that are being introduced into semiconductor manufacturing to ensure the continuous scalling of the CMOS devices. This is a very fast evolving field of research so we choose to focus on the basic understanding of the structure, thermodunamics, and electronic properties of these materials that determine their performance in device applications. Most of these materials are transition metal oxides. Ironically, the d-orbitals responsible for the high dielectric constant cause sever integration difficulties thus intrinsically limiting high-k dielectrics. Though new in the electronics industry many of these materials are wel known in the field of ceramics, and we describe this unique connection. The complexity of the structure-property relations in TM oxides makes the use of the state of the art first-principles calculations necessary. Several chapters give a detailed description of the modern theory of polarization, and heterojunction band discontinuity within the framework of the density functional theory. Experimental methods include oxide melt solution calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, Raman scattering and other optical characterization techniques, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Many of the problems encounterd in the world of CMOS are also relvant for other semiconductors such as GaAs. A comprehensive review of recent developments in this field is thus also given. The book should be of interest to those actively engaged in the gate dielectric research, and to graduate students in Materials Science, Materials Physics, Materials Chemistry, and Electrical Engineering.

Download or read book Organic Inorganic Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics written by Nam-Gyu Park and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers fundamentals of organometal perovskite materials and their photovoltaics, including materials preparation and device fabrications. Special emphasis is given to halide perovskites. The opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials and recent progress in perovskite solar cells are described. In addition, comments on the issues to current and future challenges are mentioned.

Download or read book Microstructure and Texture in Steels written by Arunansu Haldar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-03 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials comprises a collection of articles pertaining to experimental and theoretical aspects of the evolution of crystallographic texture and microstructure during processing of steels and some other materials. Among the topics covered is the processing-microstructure-texture-property relationship in various kinds of steels, including the latest grade. Special emphasis has been given to introduce recent advances in the characterization of texture and microstructure, as well as modeling. The papers included are written by well-known experts from academia and industrial R and D, which will provide the reader with state-of-the-art, in-depth knowledge of the subject. With these attributes, Microstructure and Texture in Steels and Other Materials is expected to serve the cause of creating awareness of current developments in microstructural science and materials engineering among academic and R and D personnel working in the field.

Download or read book Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience and Minerals Engineering written by Peter Balaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanochemistry as a branch of solid state chemistry enquires into processes which proceed in solids due to the application of mechanical energy. This provides a thorough, up to date overview of mechanochemistry of solids and minerals. Applications of mechanochemistry in nanoscience with special impact on nanogeoscience are described. Selected advanced identification methods, most frequently applied in nanoscience, are described as well as the advantage of mechanochemical approach in minerals engineering. Examples of industrial applications are given. Mechanochemical technology is being applied in many industrial fields: powder metallurgy (synthesis of nanometals, alloys and nanocompounds), building industry (activation of cements), chemical industry (solid waste treatment, catalyst synthesis, coal ashes utilization), minerals engineering (ore enrichment, enhancement of processes of extractive metallurgy), agriculture industry (solubility increase of fertilizers), and pharmaceutical industry (improvement of solubility and bioavailability of drugs). This reference serves as an introduction to newcomers to mechanochemistry, and encourages more experienced researchers to broaden their knowledge and discover novel applications in the field.

Download or read book Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods written by Franz Roters and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the leading experts in computational materials science, this handy reference concisely reviews the most important aspects of plasticity modeling: constitutive laws, phase transformations, texture methods, continuum approaches and damage mechanisms. As a result, it provides the knowledge needed to avoid failures in critical systems udner mechanical load. With its various application examples to micro- and macrostructure mechanics, this is an invaluable resource for mechanical engineers as well as for researchers wanting to improve on this method and extend its outreach.

Download or read book Phase Transformations in Materials written by G. Kostorz and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2001-10-25 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For all kinds of materials, phase transformations show common phenomena and mechanisms, and often turn a material, for example metals, multiphase alloys, ceramics or composites, into its technological useful form. The physics and thermodynamics of a transformation from the solid to liquid state or from one crystal form to another are therefore essential for creating high-performance materials. This handbook covers phase transformations, a general phenomenon central to understanding the behavior of materials and for creating high-performance materials. It will be an essential reference for all materials scientists, physicists and engineers involved in the research and development of new high performance materials. It is the revised and enhanced edition of the renowned book edited by the late P. Haasen in 1990 (Vol. 5, Materials Science and Technology).

Download or read book Micro Macro Interactions written by Albrecht Bertram and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-23 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many materials or media in nature and technology possess a microstructure which determines their macroscopic behaviour. The knowledge of the relevant mechanisms is often more comprehensive on the micro than on the macro scale. On the other hand, not all information on the micro level is relevant for the understanding of this macro behaviour. Therefore, averaging and homogenization methods are needed to select only the specific information from the micro scale, which influences the macro scale. These methods also open the possibility to design or to influence microstructures with the objective to optimize their macro behaviour. This book presents the development of new methods in this interdisciplinary field of macro- micro-interactions of different engineering branches like mechanical and process engineering, applied mathematics, theoretical, and computational physics. In particular, solids with microstructures and particle systems are considered.

Download or read book Laser Surface Interactions for New Materials Production written by Antonio Miotello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-05 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview on nanosecond and ultra-short laser-induced phenomena and the related diagnostics. It grew from the lectures of the International School "Laser-surface interactions for new materials production" held in July 2008.