Download or read book Probing the Assembly of the Ribosome Insights from Computational Studies on Ribosomal Proteins written by Brittany Burton Lott and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ribosomes are complex cellular machines that synthesize new proteins in the cell. The accurate and efficient assembly of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to form a functional ribosome is important for cell growth, metabolic reactions, and other cellular processes. Ribosomal assembly has been an active research topic for many years because understanding the assembly mechansims can provide insight into protein/RNA recognitions that are important in many other cellular processes, as well as help optimize the development of antibacterial therapeutics. Experimental and computational sutdies thus far have greatly improved our understanding of assembly, yet many questions remain unanswered regarding the complex behaviors of r-proteins and rRNA during the process. To further understand ribosome assembly, we have computationally studied the sequences, structures, and dynamic properties of r-proteins from the 30S subunit and their relationships to RNA binding. We discuss the statistically greater amount of positively charged residues in r-proteins compared to other housekeeping proteins and observe a high level of charged interactions between r-proteins and rRNA in the assembled structure. We also detect a significant correlation between the overall flexibility of a protein and the number of contact points it makes with its rRNA binding site. Protein residues contacting with rRNA are observed to be more mobile in solution when compared to the non-contacting residues. We also describe common modes of structural dynamics, revealing likely conformational changes the proteins make prior to binding, how they relate to possible binding mechanisms used during the assembly and to the location of the protein in the fully assembled ribosome.
Download or read book Computational Topology written by Herbert Edelsbrunner and published by American Mathematical Society. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining concepts from topology and algorithms, this book delivers what its title promises: an introduction to the field of computational topology. Starting with motivating problems in both mathematics and computer science and building up from classic topics in geometric and algebraic topology, the third part of the text advances to persistent homology. This point of view is critically important in turning a mostly theoretical field of mathematics into one that is relevant to a multitude of disciplines in the sciences and engineering. The main approach is the discovery of topology through algorithms. The book is ideal for teaching a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in computational topology, as it develops all the background of both the mathematical and algorithmic aspects of the subject from first principles. Thus the text could serve equally well in a course taught in a mathematics department or computer science department.
Download or read book Archaeal Virus host Interactions written by Tessa Quax and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work presented in this thesis provides novel insights in several aspects of the molecular biology of Archaea, Bacteria and their viruses. The archaeal virus Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 (SIRV2), has a remarkable infection cycle. Infection with SIRV2 results in the formation of large virus associated pyramids (VAPs) on the host cell surface. The pyramids open during the final step of the infection cycle, to allow the release of virions. This virus release mechanism is unique. The VAPs are formed by self-assembly of one virus-encoded protein, PVAP. VAPs exist as discrete particles, and are baseless pyramids with heptagonal perimeter. The assembly process of the VAPs is described, based on cryo-electron tomography experiments and mutational analysis of PVAP. VAPs consists of two layers of which the outer one continuous with the cell membrane. PVAP expression in bacterial and eukaryotic cells resulted in VAP formation on nearly all membranes, demonstrating that PVAP serves as a universal membrane remodeling system, which might be exploited for biotechnological purposes. Whole transcriptome sequencing allowed determination of a global map of virus and host gene expression during the infection cycle. Host genes involved in anti-viral defence are activated (i.e. CRISPR-Cas and toxin anti-toxin systems). The multi-subunit protein complexes crucial for CRISPR anti-viral defence have an uneven stoichiometry and are encoded on operons. It is shown that differential translation is a key determinant of modulated expression of genes clustered in operons and that codon bias generally is the best in silico indicator of unequal protein production.
Download or read book The Enzymes written by Fuyuhiko Tamanoi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein methylation has recently emerged as one of the most exciting areas of study on posttranslational modification. A large family of protein methyltransferases has been identified and their structural properties have been characterized. These studies have provided novel insights into how methylation regulates a variety of biological functions including DNA and RNA metabolism, protein synthesis and signal transduction. Methylation also plays important roles in aging. This volume is intended to capture these recent developments concerning protein methyltransferases.
Download or read book The Eukaryotic Ribosome written by Heinz Bielka and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 1982-12-31 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "The Eukaryotic Ribosome".
Download or read book Protein Synthesis and Ribosome Structure written by Knud H. Nierhaus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-10-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knud Nierhaus, who has studied the ribosome for more than 30 years, has assembled here the combined efforts of several scientific disciplines into a uniform picture of the largest enzyme complex found in living cells, finally resolving many decades-old questions in molecular biology. In so doing he considers virtually all aspects of ribosome structure and function -- from the molecular mechanism of different ribosomal ribozyme activities to their selective inhibition by antibiotics, from assembly of the core particle to the regulation of ribosome component synthesis. The result is a premier resource for anyone with an interest in ribosomal protein synthesis, whether in the context of molecular biology, biotechnology, pharmacology or molecular medicine.
Download or read book Genetic Recombination written by Alan S. Waldman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic recombination, in the broadest sense, can be defined as any process in which DNA sequences interact and undergo a transfer of information, producing new “recombinant” sequences that contain information from each of the original molecules. All organisms have the ability to carry out recombination, and this striking universality speaks to the essential role recombination plays in a variety of biological processes fundamentally important to the maintenance of life. Such processes include DNA repair, regulation of gene expression, disease etiology, meiotic chromosome segregation, and evolution. One important aspect of recombination is that it typically occurs only between sequences that display a high degree of sequence identity. The stringent requirement for homology helps to ensure that, under normal circumstances, a cell is protected from deleterious rearrangements since a swap of genetic information between two nearly identical sequences is not expected to dramatically alter a genome. Recombination between dissimilar sequences, which does happen on occasion, may have such harmful consequences as chromosomal translocations, deletions, or inversions. For many organisms, it is also important that recombination rates are not too high lest the genome become destabilized. Curiously, certain organisms, such as the trypanosome parasite, actually use a high rate of recombination at a particular locus in order to switch antigen expression continually and evade the host immune system effectively.
Download or read book Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis written by Gary Spedding and published by IRL Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical and self-contained introduction to methods of researching the structure and function of the ribosome in light of the increasing recognition of the potential capability of RNA molecules to act as molecular catalysts. Also describes protein synthesis and cell-free synthesizing systems. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book The Nucleolus written by Mark O. J. Olson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.
Download or read book Scientific Report written by Scripps Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Departments of Labor Health and Human Services Education and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2001 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ribozymes written by Sabine Müller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-09 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ribozymes Provides comprehensive coverage of a core field in the molecular biosciences, bringing together decades of knowledge from the world’s top professionals in the field Timely and unique in its breadth of content, this all-encompassing and authoritative reference on ribozymes documents the great diversity of nucleic acid-based catalysis. It integrates the knowledge gained over the past 35 years in the field and features contributions from virtually every leading expert on the subject. Ribozymes is organized into six major parts. It starts by describing general principles and strategies of nucleic acid catalysis. It then introduces naturally occurring ribozymes and includes the search for new catalytic motifs or novel genomic locations of known motifs. Next, it covers the development and design of engineered ribozymes, before moving on to DNAzymes as a close relative of ribozymes. The next part examines the use of ribozymes for medicinal and environmental diagnostics, as well as for therapeutic tools. It finishes with a look at the tools and methods in ribozyme research, including the techniques and assays for structural and functional characterization of nucleic acid catalysts. The first reference to tie together all aspects of the multi-faceted field of ribozymes Features more than 30 comprehensive chapters in two volumes Covers the chemical principles of RNA catalysis; naturally occurring ribozymes, engineered ribozymes; DNAzymes; ribozymes as tools in diagnostics and therapy, and tools and methods to study ribozymes Includes first-hand accounts of concepts, techniques, and applications by a team of top international experts from leading academic institutions Dedicates half of its content to methods and practical applications, ranging from bioanalytical tools to medical diagnostics to therapeutics Ribozymes is an unmatched resource for all biochemists, biotechnologists, molecular biologists, and bioengineers interested in the topic.
Download or read book The Ribosome written by Roger A. Garrett and published by Amer Society for Microbiology. This book was released on 2000 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete coverage of the ribosome and mechanisms of protein synthesis. * Examines the structure and function of numerous extra-chromosomal factors. * Offers the first detailed account of crystal structures of the ribosome as well as insights into the mechanisms and action of antibiotics. This title is published by the American Society for Microbiology Press and distributed by Taylor and Francis in rest of world territories.
Download or read book Three Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies written by Frank Joachim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-01-24 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies is the first systematic introduction to single-particle methods of reconstruction. It covers correlation alignment, classification, 3D reconstruction, restoration, and interpretation of the resulting 3D images in macromolecular assemblies. It will be an indispensable resource for newcomers to the field and for all using or adopting these methods.Key Features* Presents methods that offer an alternative to crystallographic techniques for molecules that cannot be crystallized* Describes methods that have been instrumental in exploring the three-dimensional structure of* the nuclear pore complex* the calcium release channel;* the ribosome* chaperonins
Download or read book Recoding Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression written by John F. Atkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature on recoding is scattered, so this superb book ?lls a need by prov- ing up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative reviews of the many kinds of recoding phenomena. Between 1961 and 1966 my colleagues and I deciphered the genetic code in Escherichia coli and showed that the genetic code is the same in E. coli, Xenopus laevis, and guinea pig tissues. These results showed that the code has been c- served during evolution and strongly suggested that the code appeared very early during biological evolution, that all forms of life on earth descended from a c- mon ancestor, and thus that all forms of life on this planet are related to one another. The problem of biological time was solved by encoding information in DNA and retrieving the information for each new generation, for it is easier to make a new organism than it is to repair an aging, malfunctioning one. Subsequently, small modi?cations of the standard genetic code were found in certain organisms and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA only encodes about 10–13 proteins, so some modi?cations of the genetic code are tolerated that pr- ably would be lethal if applied to the thousands of kinds of proteins encoded by genomic DNA.
Download or read book Protein NMR Techniques written by A. Kristina Downing and published by Humana. This book was released on 2004-08-17 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When I was asked to edit the second edition of Protein NMR Techniques, my first thought was that the time was ripe for a new edition. The past several years have seen a surge in the development of novel methods that are truly revolutionizing our ability to characterize biological macromolecules in terms of speed, accuracy, and size limitations. I was particularly excited at the prospect of making these techniques accessible to all NMR labs and for the opportunity to ask the experts to divulge their hints and tips and to write, practically, about the methods. I commissioned 19 chapters with wide scope for Protein NMR Techniques, and the volume has been organized with numerous themes in mind. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with recombinant protein expression using two organisms, E. coli and P. pastoris, that can produce high yields of isotopically labeled protein at a reasonable cost. Staying with the idea of isotopic labeling, Chapter 3 describes methods for perdeuteration and site-specific protonation and is the first of several chapters in the book that is relevant to studies of higher molecular weight systems. A different, but equally powerful, method that uses molecular biology to “edit” the spectrum of a large molecule using segmental labeling is presented in Chapter 4. Having successfully produced a high molecular weight target for study, the next logical step is data acquisition. Hence, the final chapter on this theme, Chapter 5, describes TROSY methods for stru- ural studies.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
