Download or read book Probing Neuropeptidomics by Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, an array of biological mass spectrometry (MS) based methods were developed and employed to enable the identification and functional analysis of neuropeptides in the crustacean nervous system. Neuropeptides encompass the largest and most diverse group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. They are necessary for the initiation and regulation of numerous physiological processes such as feeding, reproduction and development. However, the discovery and identification of these important signaling molecules presents unique challenges due to the vast complexity and minute quantities of endogenously expressed peptides. Further functional analysis of neuropeptides needs to be conducted for a comprehensive neuropeptidomic study. Using the decapod crustacean nervous system and associated neuroendocrine organs as experiment model, this dissertation research focuses on the development of an integrated analytical platform for large-scale identification and discovery of neuropeptides, as well as investigation of the functional roles of neuropeptides. The work presented here contributes insight into neuropeptidome of a commercially and scientifically important crustacean species, blue crab /italicCallinectes sapidus/italic and the possible functionality of certain peptides. A multifaceted mass spectrometry approach combining complementary sample preparation techniques, advanced separation strategies, alternative fragmentation methods, mass spectral imaging (MSI) and stable isotopic labeling was used for large-scale identification and to provide comprehensive information on peptide expression level changes under different physiological states. Several new analytical methodologies and tools have been developed to enable enhanced neuropeptidome coverage and improved /italicde novo/italic sequencing. A two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS was used for neuronal tissue extract analysis and greatly improved the neuropeptidome coverage. A homemade capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) system was used for separation of the most acidic neuropeptide family Orcokinins in the sinus gland (SG). Additionally, electron transfer dissociation (ETD) was employed for the identification and sequencing of intact crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor related peptides (CPRPs), a group of multiply charged peptides in the SG. More than 150 neuropeptides including over 40 novel ones were identified in blue crab's nervous system. Furthermore, a comparative peptidomic study utilized mass spectral imaging (MSI), stable isotopic labeling and electrophysiological study was developed to provide comprehensive information about peptide expression level changes after food intake. Moreover, a MS-based platform was developed to study the differential degradation of neuropeptides by extracellular peptidases via monitoring degradation rate and degradation products. Collectively, this body of work extends the capability of mass spectrometry as a bioanalytical tool for neuropeptide analysis and advances the basic understanding of neuronal signaling.
Download or read book Neuropeptidomics MS base Peptide Identification and Quantitation Study written by Ping Yin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptidomics refers to a global characterization approach for the investigation of neuropeptides, often under specific physiological conditions. Neuropeptides comprise a complex set of cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are important in regulatory functions and behavior in the nervous system. Neuropeptide production typically involves endoproteolytic prohormone cleavage, exoproteolytic cleavage, and post-translational modifications by a variety of enzymes. Neuropeptides are packaged into and eventually released from the large dense-core vesicles in a regulated secretory pathway. Neuropeptidomics is inherently challenging because neuropeptides are spatially, temporally and chemically heterogeneous in the brain. In addition, the unconventional peptide precursor cleavages and various post-translational modifications require the unbiased measurements of actual peptide forms. Mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with optimized liquid chromatography separation and aided by appropriate sample preparation, has been successfully applied for peptide identification and quantitation. Neuropeptide production regulated by DIMM-dependent genetic mechanism and post-translational processing through alpha-amidation has been studied with different MS-based approaches such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS and electrospray ionization ion-trap (ESI-IT) MS. DIMM, a transcription factor in Drosophila, appears able to make non-peptidergic cells into peptidergic neurons. Qualitative MS approaches allowed us to observe the fully processed ectopic peptide MII in Drosophila non-peptidergic cells only when DIMM was present. Quantitative MS approaches, together with molecular biological methods, revealed DIMM enabled this complete and efficient ectopic peptide processing through regulating gene CG13248. In addition, an important post-translational modification, peptide alpha-amidation, was studied with mice of different genotypes on different copper diets. The results on the peptide level changes of mature peptides and their immature intermediate forms facilitate our understanding on peptide amidation reaction and its dedicated enzyme peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). Neurons and glia are two main types of cells in the central nervous system. Analogous to neuropeptidome, the knowledge of the gliopeptidome would aid our understanding of the interaction between glia and neurons. Therefore, the peptides in and regulatedly released from glia were examined. Peptides derived from proteins or putatively from neuropeptide precursors were identified with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Future studies would focus on the confirmation of the putatively identified peptides and the functions of identified peptides in glia. This dissertation demonstrates MS-based approaches are useful tools for probing peptides qualitatively and quantitatively, which would greatly expand our understanding of cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system.
Download or read book Peptidomics written by Mikhail Soloviev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to peptidomics- a hands-on lab reference The first truly comprehensive book about peptidomics for protein and peptide analysis, this reference provides a detailed description of the hows and whys of peptidomics and how the techniques have evolved. With chapters contributed by leading experts, it covers naturally occurring peptides, peptidomics methods and new developments, and the peptidomics approach to biomarker discovery. Explaining both the principles and the applications, Peptidomics: Methods and Applications: * Features examples of applications in diverse fields, including pharmaceutical science, toxicity biomarkers, and neuroscience * Details the successful peptidomic analyses of biological material ranging from plants to mammals * Describes a cross section of analytical techniques, including traditional methodologies, emerging trends, and new techniques for high throughput approaches An enlightening reference for experienced professionals, this book is sufficiently detailed to serve as a step-by-step guide for beginning researchers and an excellent resource for students taking biotechnology and proteomics courses. It is an invaluable reference for protein chemists and biochemists, professionals and researchers in drug and biopharmaceutical development, analytical and bioanalytical chemists, toxicologists, and others.
Download or read book Proteomics for Biological Discovery written by Timothy D. Veenstra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-06-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by recognized experts in the study of proteins, Proteomics for Biological Discovery begins by discussing the emergence of proteomics from genome sequencing projects and a summary of potential answers to be gained from proteome-level research. The tools of proteomics, from conventional to novel techniques, are then dealt with in terms of underlying concepts, limitations and future directions. An invaluable source of information, this title also provides a thorough overview of the current developments in post-translational modification studies, structural proteomics, biochemical proteomics, microfabrication, applied proteomics, and bioinformatics relevant to proteomics. Presents a comprehensive and coherent review of the major issues faced in terms of technology development, bioinformatics, strategic approaches, and applications Chapters offer a rigorous overview with summary of limitations, emerging approaches, questions, and realistic future industry and basic science applications Discusses higher level integrative aspects, including technical challenges and applications for drug discovery Accessible to the novice while providing experienced investigators essential information Proteomics for Biological Discovery is an essential resource for students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers across all fields of biomedical research, including biochemistry, protein chemistry, molecular genetics, cell/developmental biology, and bioinformatics.
Download or read book Neuroproteomics written by Oscar Alzate and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this, the post-genomic age, our knowledge of biological systems continues to expand and progress. As the research becomes more focused, so too does the data. Genomic research progresses to proteomics and brings us to a deeper understanding of the behavior and function of protein clusters. And now proteomics gives way to neuroproteomics as we beg
Download or read book Mammalian Neuroproteomics and Neuropeptidomics written by James A. Dowell and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuropeptides and Other Bioactive Peptides written by Lloyd D. Fricker and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropeptides and peptide hormones represent the largest class of chemical messengers that transmit information from one cell to another. In this review, several decades of research on peptides in cell-cell signaling are summarized, with a focus on neuropeptide discovery, biosynthesis, and function. In addition to covering the well-studied aspects of neuropeptides, emerging concepts are discussed, including classical versus non-classical neuropeptides and direct versus indirect neuropeptides. Other potential functions for peptides in intercellular and intracellular signaling are also discussed. Table of Contents: Overview of Neuropeptides / Neuropeptide Discovery / Neuropeptide Biosynthesis / Neuropeptides After Secretion: Receptors and Peptidases / Representative Neuropeptides / Concluding Remarks and Future Directions / References / Author Biography
Download or read book Brain Peptides written by Dorothy T. Krieger and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1983-11-14 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first major comprehensive overview of the anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and embryological aspects of brain peptides, focusing on peptides described in the past decade. Examines the role of peptides in affecting major homeostatic systems. Presents the methodologies applicable to the study of brain peptides. Summarizes current knowledge of individual peptides.
Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications of Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry written by Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-11 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals and Applications of Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry is the first book to delve into the underlying principles on the topic and their linkage to industrial applications. Drs. Schmitt-Kopplin and Kanawati have brought together a team of leading experts in their respective fields to present this technique from many different perspectives, describing, at length, the pros and cons of FT-ICR and Orbitrap. Numerous examples help researchers decide which instruments to use for their particular scientific problem and which data analysis methods should be applied to get the most out of their data. Covers FT-ICR-MS and Orbitrap’s fundamentals, enhancing researcher knowledge Includes details on ion sources, data processing, chemical analysis and imaging Provides examples across the wide spectrum of applications, including omics, environmental, chemical, pharmaceutical and food analysis
Download or read book Endocrinology and Metabolism written by Philip Felig and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1981 with total page 1408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Written by leading clinicians with greater emphasis on clinical practice, rather than basic science
Download or read book Peptidomics written by Michael Schrader and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes protocols for basic state-of-the-art approaches in the field of peptidomics. Most of these approaches are independent of the instruments used for analysis and can easily be adapted for equipment that is available in a typical proteomics facility. Chapters detail many of the basic techniques used to detect and identify peptides, methods for the relative quantitation of peptides between samples using isotopic labels or label-free approaches, and biological species as well as sample types. Written in the highly successful format of the Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, a list of the necessary materials and reagents, reproducible step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting common problems and avoiding pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Peptidomics: Methods and Strategies provides useful guidance for studies in the rapidly growing field of peptidomics.
Download or read book Neuropeptide Systems as Targets for Parasite and Pest Control written by Timothy G. Geary and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-13 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to continually discover new agents for the control or treatment of invertebrate pests and pathogens is undeniable. Agriculture, both animal and plant, succeeds only to the extent that arthropod and helminth consumers, vectors and pathogens can be kept at bay. Humans and their companion animals are also plagued by invertebrate parasites. The deployment of chemical agents for these purposes inevitably elicits the selection of resistant populations of the targets of control, necessitating a regular introduction of new kinds of molecules. Experience in other areas of chemotherapy has shown that a thorough understanding of the biology of disease is an essential platform upon which to build a discovery program. Unfortunately, investment of research resources into understanding the basic physiology of invertebrates as a strategy to illuminate new molecular targets for pesticide and parasiticide discovery has been scarce, and the pace of introduction of new molecules for these indications has been slowed as a result. An exciting and so far unexploited area to explore in this regard is invertebrate neuropeptide physiology. This book was assembled to focus attention on this promising field by compiling a comprehensive review of recent research on neuropeptides in arthropods and helminths, with contributions from many of the leading laboratories working on these systems.
Download or read book The Crustacean Nervous System written by Konrad Wiese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique selection of reviews summarizes current knowledge in all major fields of crustacean neurobiology and all levels of their CNS organization, using lobster and crayfish. It not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also describes all available contemporary and advanced techniques, such as patch clamp recordings, microelectrode techniques, immunocytochemistry, and all methods of molecular genetics to identify cellular pathways of protein synthesis and peptidergic control. In summary, it is a comprehensive account of the research achievements in one of the major nervous systems besides the mammalian CNS.
Download or read book MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging written by Tiffany Porta Siegel and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers, in a single resource, knowledge about matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging. It includes fundamentals in the MALDI ionisation process, different source geometries and capabilities, detection systems and the latest research and applications in the range of –omics area as well as other broader areas. Chapters will touch on dedicated sample preparation protocols specific for the class of compounds of interest, instrumentation used with strengths and current limitations, strategies for structural analysis and identification and applications. It will be a welcomed addition to the literature in this fast-moving field and provide a guide to new innovations and applications especially in metabolomics and proteomics. With contributions from leading experts, this book will be an authoritative guide to this method. Aimed at postgraduate and professional researchers, in academia and in the industrial market where it has direct application to clinical research. It will be a supporting volume for those just entering the field as well as experienced practitioners.
Download or read book Systems Neuroscience written by Albert Cheung-Hoi Yu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of Advances in Neurobiology brings together experts in the emerging field of Systems Neuroscience to present an overview of this area of research. Topics covered include: how different neural circuits analyze sensory information, form perceptions of the external world, make decisions, and execute movements; how nerve cells behave when connected together to form neural networks; the relationship between molecular and cellular approaches to understanding brain structure and function; the study of high-level mental functions; and studying brain pathologies and diseases with Systems Neuroscience. A hierarchy of biological complexity arises from the genome, transcriptome, proteome, organelles, cells, synapses, circuits, brain regions, the whole brain, and behaviour. The best way to study the brain, the most complex organ in the body composed of 100 billion cells with trillions of interconnections, is with a Systems Biology approach. Systems biology is an inter-disciplinary field that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems to reveal 'emergent properties' - properties of cells and groups of cells functioning as a system whose actual and theoretical description is only possible using Systems Biology techniques.
Download or read book A Handbook of Derivatives for Mass Spectrometry written by Vladimir Zaikin and published by IM Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical derivatisation of functional groups has proved popular since the beginning of organic mass spectrometry as a means to enhance the stability and volatility of the analytes as well as facilitating structure elucidation. This book provides comprehensive information on the wide range of derivatisation methods. Each chapter looks at a particular area of derivatisation and includes extensive references to the literature for further research where necessary. There are nearly 1800 references, which, as well as full bibliographic information, include chapter/paper titles where appropriate and Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to allow easy retrieval of the online version of the referenced publication. The emergence of atmospheric pressure ionisation and other soft ionisation techniques has not diminished the interest in such chemical techniques, as witnessed by the many chemical tags used in quantitative proteomics (Chapter 9). The last two chapters, a substantial part of the book, deal with derivatisation for use with soft ionisation of both small and large molecules. Chapters Silylation Acylation Alkylation (Arylation) Cyclic derivatives Monofunctional compounds Polyfunctional compounds On-line derivatisation/degradation Soft ionisation—small molecules Soft ionisation—large molecules
Download or read book Dynamic Biological Networks written by Ronald M. Harris-Warrick and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) describes some of the best-understood neural networks in the animal kingdom at cellular, network, behavioural, comparative and evolutionary levels of analysis.
