Download or read book Probabilistic Modeling and Bayesian Inference of Metalloss Corrosion with Application in Reliability Analysis for Energy Pipelines written by Hao Qin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stochastic process-based models are developed to characterize the generation and growth of metal-loss corrosion defects on oil and gas steel pipelines. The generation of corrosion defects over time is characterized by the non-homogenous Poisson process, and the growth of depths of individual defects is modeled by the non-homogenous gamma process (NHGP). The defect generation and growth models are formulated in a hierarchical Bayesian framework, whereby the parameters of the models are evaluated from the in-line inspection (ILI) data through the Bayesian updating by accounting for the probability of detection (POD) and measurement errors associated with the ILI data. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation in conjunction with the data augmentation (DA) technique is employed to carry out the Bayesian updating. Numerical examples that involve both the simulated and actual ILI data are used to validate the proposed Bayesian formulation and illustrate the application of the methodology. A simple Monte Carlo simulation-based methodology is further developed to evaluate the time-dependent system reliability of corroding pipelines in terms of three distinctive failure modes, namely small leak, large leak and rupture, by incorporating the corrosion models evaluated from the Bayesian updating methodology. An example that involves three sets of ILI data for a pipe joint in a natural gas pipeline located in Alberta is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. The results of the reliability analysis indicate that ignoring generation of new defects in the reliability analysis leads to underestimations of the probabilities of small leak, large leak and rupture. The generation of new defects has the largest impact on the probability of small leak.

Download or read book Corrosion and Reliability Assessment of Inspected Pipelines written by Rafael Amaya-Gómez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most up-to-date, advanced methods and tools for risk assessment of onshore pipelines. These methods and tools are based primarily on information collected from ILI measurements and additional information about the soil surrounding the pipeline. The book provides a better understanding how the defects grow and interact (repulsion or attraction) and their spatial variability. In addition, the authors contemplate new defects that evolve between inspections and how they could affect the pipeline's reliability. A real-world case is presented to reinforce the concepts presented in the book. The book is structured into three parts: i) an introduction to onshore pipelines and the problem of corrosion, ii) a framework that deals with uncertainty for integrity programs for corroded pipelines, and iii) the applications of the methods presented in the book. The book is ideal for researchers and field engineers in oil and gas transportation and graduate and undergraduate engineering students interested in pipeline reliability assessments, spatial variability, and risk-based inspections.

Download or read book Development of Probabilistic Corrosion Growth Models with Applications in Integrity Management of Pipelines written by Shenwei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-loss corrosion is a major threat to the structural integrity and safe operation of underground oil and gas pipelines worldwide. The reliability-based corrosion management program has been increasingly used in the pipeline industry, which typically includes three tasks, namely periodic high-resolution inline inspections (ILIs) to detect and size corrosion defects on a given pipeline, engineering critical assessment of the corrosion defects reported by the inspection tool and mitigation of defects. This study addresses the core involved in the reliability-based corrosion management program. First, the stochastic process in conjunction with the hierarchical Bayesian methodology is used to characterize the growth of defect depth using imperfect ILI data. The biases, random scattering errors as well as the correlations between the random scattering errors associated with the ILI tools are accounted for in the Bayesian inference. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques are employed to carry out the Bayesian updating and numerically evaluate the posterior distributions of the parameters in the growth model. Second, a simulation-based methodology is presented to evaluate the time-dependent system reliability of pressurized energy pipelines containing multiple active metal-loss corrosion defects using the developed growth models. Lastly, a probabilistic investigation is carried out to determine the optimal inspection interval for the newly-built onshore underground natural gas pipelines with respect to external metal-loss corrosion by considering the generation of corrosion defects over time and time-dependent growth of individual defects. The proposed methodology will facilitate the reliability-based corrosion management for corroding pipelines.

Download or read book Reliability and Maintainability of In Service Pipelines written by Mojtaba Mahmoodian and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliability and Maintainability of In-Service Pipelines helps engineers understand the best structural analysis methods and more accurately predict the life of their pipeline assets. Expanded to cover real case studies from oil and gas, sewer and water pipes, this reference also explains inline inspection and how the practice influences reliability analysis, along with various reliability models beyond the well-known Monte Carlo method. Encompassing both numerical and analytical methods in structural reliability analysis, this book gives engineers a stronger point of reference covering both pipeline maintenance and monitoring techniques in a single resource. Provides tactics on cost-effective pipeline integrity management decisions and strategy for a variety of different pipes Presents readers with rational tools for strengthening and rehabing existing pipelines Teaches how to optimize materials selection and design parameters for designing future pipelines with a longer service life

Download or read book Bayesian Analyses of Metal loss Corrosion on Energy Pipeline Based on Inspection Data written by Mohammad Al-Amin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bayesian models are developed to calibrate the accuracies of high-resolution in-line inspection (ILI) tools for sizing metal-loss corrosion defects and to characterize the growth of individual defects on energy pipelines. Moreover, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the time-dependent system reliability of a segment of a pressurized pipeline containing multiple active corrosion defects. The calibration of ILI tools is carried out by comparing the field-measured depths and ILI-reported depths for a set of static defects. The measurement error associated with the field-measuring tool is found to be negligibly small; therefore, the field-measured depth is assumed to equal the actual depth of the defect. The depth of a corrosion defect reported by an ILI tool is assumed to be a linear function of the corresponding field-measured depth subjected to a random scattering error. The probabilistic characteristics of the intercept and slope in the linear function, i.e. the constant and non-constant biases of the measurement error, as well as the standard deviation of the random scattering error are then quantified using the Bayesian methodology. The proposed methodology is able to calibrate the accuracies of multiple ILI tools simultaneously and quantify the potential correlations between the random scattering errors associated with different ILI tools. The corrosion growth model is developed in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The depth of the corrosion defects is assumed to be a power-law function of time characterized by two power-law coefficients and the corrosion initiation time, and the probabilistic characteristics of the parameters involved in the growth model are evaluated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique based on ILI data iv collected at different times for a given pipeline. The model accounts for the constant and non-constant biases and random scattering errors of the ILI data, as well as the potential correlation between the random scattering errors associated with different ILI tools. The model is validated by comparing the predicted depths with the field-measured depths of two sets of external corrosion defects identified on two in-service natural gas pipelines. A simulation-based methodology is proposed to evaluate the time-dependent system reliability of a segment of a pressurized pipeline containing multiple active metal-loss corrosion defects. The methodology considers three distinctive failure modes, namely small leak, large leak and rupture, and incorporates the hierarchical Bayesian power-law growth model for the depth of individual corrosion defect. Both the conventional Monte Carlo simulation and MCMC simulation techniques are employed in the methodology to evaluate the failure probability. The methodology is illustrated using a joint of an underground natural gas pipeline that is currently in service.

Download or read book Analysis of Metal loss Corrosion on Energy Pipelines Based on ILI Data written by Mohammad Al-Amin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the models of calibrating the high-resolution in-line inspection (ILI) tools for sizing metal-loss corrosion defects and to characterize the growth of individual defects on energy pipelines. The models are developed in a Bayesian Framework. The calibration of ILI tools is carried out by comparing the field-measured depths and ILI-reported depths for a set of static defects. And the probabilistic characteristics of the parameters involved in the growth model are evaluated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation technique based on ILI data collected at different times for a given pipeline. Moreover, a methodology is described to evaluate the time-dependent system reliability of a segment of a pressurized pipeline containing multiple active corrosion defects based on ILI data. Both the conventional Monte Carlo simulation and MCMC simulation techniques are employed in the methodology to evaluate the failure probability of the pipeline. The methodology considers three distinctive failure modes, namely small leak, large leak and rupture, and incorporates the hierarchical Bayesian power-law growth model for the depth of individual corrosion defect.

Download or read book Reliability based Corrosion Management of Energy Pipelines written by Shenwei Zhang and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal-loss corrosion is a major threat to the structural integrity and safe operation of underground oil and gas pipelines worldwide. The reliability-based corrosion management program has been increasingly used in the pipeline industry, which typically includes three tasks, namely periodic high-resolution inline inspections to detect and size corrosion defects on a given pipeline, engineering critical assessment of corrosion defects reported by the inspection tool and mitigation of defects. The work reported in this book addresses the engineering challenges involved in the reliability-based corrosion management program, including the probabilistic corrosion growth modeling based on imperfect inspection data, time-dependent reliability evaluation, and optimal inspection interval determination for corroding pipelines.

Download or read book Bayesian Network Modeling of Corrosion written by Narasi Sridhar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bayesian Network Modeling of Corrosion written by Narasi Sridhar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-07-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a compilation of experience from a slate of experts involved in developing and deploying Bayesian Networks (BN) for corrosion management. The contributors describe how probability distributions can be developed for corroding systems and BN can be applied as an ideal framework to deal with corrosion risk. Corrosion can develop suddenly and grow rapidly after a long incubation period and take many non-uniform aspects, including pitting and stress corrosion cracking, that cannot be mitigated by simply bulking up the system. They also describe how complex engineering structures and systems are influenced by many natural and engineering factors that come together in myriad ways. It provides a broad perspective to the reader on the potential of BN as an artificial intelligence tool for corrosion risk management and the challenges for implementing it.

Download or read book System Reliability Assessment of Corroded Pipelines written by Zahiraniza Mustaffa and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'System Reliability Assessment of Offshore Pipelines' portrays the application of probabilistic methods in assessing the reliability of these structures subjected to corrosion. The analysis interprets corrosion data as random variables and probabilistic functions, through which uncertainties of corrosion inspection tool can be taken into account. The reliability of the pipeline is studied by treating the structure as an independent unit. The analysis is further elaborated for pipelines arrayed as a series system of units, with the consideration of length effects. A framework for the reliability-based maintenance model is also developed, aiming at optimizing the pipeline system operations. Herein, the analysis is mainly focused on improving the practice of releasing corrosion inhibitors into the pipeline. The use of inhibitors is considered to be the most applied maintenance practice among pipeline industries because of its simple mechanism to fight against corrosion. Last but not least, the research also looks into interpreting corrosion in space using theories on hydrodynamics.

Download or read book Probabilistic Analysis of Pipeline Reliability Using a Markov Process written by Katie Arlene McCallum and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a basic foundation for a tool that can be used to predict the probability of a leak occurring in a oil pipeline due to pitting corrosion. The methodology is directly applicable to other steel equipment and infrastructure. Using a simple Markov chain process, we formulate equations for probability distributions of a pit being in a defined set of corroded states. Each state represents a specific pit depth. By adjusting transition rates between states we represent the corrosivity and mitigation conditions to which the oil pipeline is subjected. The transition rate models used here are flexible and capable of accommodating a wide range of corrosivity and mitigation scenarios. We discuss hypothetical cases, such as increasing CO2 content in oil causing gradual corrosion versus an episodic event causing rapid changes in the corrosivity conditions, demonstrating the ability to make adjustments to the model in order to simulate varying operational conditions.

Download or read book Molecular Modeling of Corrosion Processes written by Christopher D. Taylor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents opportunities for making significant improvements in preventing harmful effects that can be caused by corrosion Describes concepts of molecular modeling in the context of materials corrosion Includes recent examples of applications of molecular modeling to corrosion phenomena throughout the text Details how molecular modeling can give insights into the multitude of interconnected and complex processes that comprise the corrosion of metals Covered applications include diffusion and electron transfer at metal/electrolyte interfaces, Monte Carlo simulations of corrosion, corrosion inhibition, interrogating surface chemistry, and properties of passive films Presents current challenges and likely developments in this field for the future

Download or read book Modelling of External Corrosion Propagation for Buried Pipelines Based on Stochastic Processes written by Hui Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pipelines are considered to be the most favored and reliable mode for transporting large quantities of gas/liquid. In recent years, because the pipelines are interconnected at a national and global level and because of increasing economic and regulatory constraints in dealing with aging and corroded pipeline systems, pipeline integrity management is an area of increasing relevance in the petroleum industry. Metal deterioration caused by corrosive soil is one of the major threats to the integrity of underground pipeline systems. External localized corrosion is one of the most common defects that can occur under normal operating conditions.In this Dissertation, we consider the external corrosion in pipeline structures in a probabilistic and dynamic manner. Multiple uncertainties from soil environment, pipeline structure, inspection process and maintenance are considered. The correlation between the spatial distribution of the external corrosion defects and the heterogeneous soil properties has been investigated. The correlation analysis is conducted by employing clustering techniques. As for the time domain, the long-time corrosion process is considered as a dynamic stable evolution process which contains three stages: nucleation, propagation and repassivation. In this study, the uncertainties introduced by the in-line inspections are investigated by using calibration methods and detection theories. Both random error and systematic error are assessed. Finally, a comprehensive pipeline maintenance strategy is proposed as an integrated solution to improve the efficiency of inspections and maintenances in industry practice.The contributions of this dissertation include: 1) a probabilistic model for the prediction of metal loss rate in underground pipeline structure is proposed. The model is able to account for the model uncertainty which comes from the imperfect prior knowledge and estimate the PDF of metal loss rate at a specified location. 2) A Bayesian approach for calibrating and estimating the actual external corrosion depth in buried pipeline structures based on an ultrasonic ILI inspection and the clustering technique was developed. We have taken the probability of defect existence into consideration. Hence a more realistic assessment of pipeline integrity can be achieved. 3) A clustering approach based on a hidden Markov random field is established for assessing the spatial distribution of external corrosion in a buried pipeline. The clustering approach presented in this study is easy to implement with the established ICM-EM algorithm. 4) A novel stochastic model framework for predicting the external corrosion growth in buried pipeline structures is presented and a time- and location- dependent maintenance strategy is established. We relate the soil properties with the corrosion growth propagation. The geometric Brownian bridge model was employed to present the corrosion rate evolution and hence is able to represent the inherent time-dependent dynamic property of corrosion growth.

Download or read book Optics at the Solid liquid Interface written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering Design Reliability Handbook written by Efstratios Nikolaidis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-22 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the engineering industry and academia are making important advances on reliability-based design and modeling of uncertainty when data is limited. Non deterministic approaches have enabled industries to save billions by reducing design and warranty costs and by improving quality. Considering the lack of comprehensive and defini

Download or read book Assessment of Soil Corrosion in Underground Pipelines Via Statistical Inference written by Ayako Yajima and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the oil industry, underground pipelines are the most preferred means of transporting a large amount of liquid product. However, a considerable number of unforeseen incidents due to corrosion failure are reported each year. Since corrosion in underground pipelines is caused by physicochemical interactions between the material (steel pipeline) and the environment (soil), the assessment of soil as a corrosive environment is indispensable. Because of the complex characteristics of soil as a corrosion precursor influencing the dissolution process, soil cannot be explained fully by conventional semi-empirical methodologies defined in controlled settings. The uncertainties inherited from the dynamic and heterogeneous underground environment should be considered.Therefore, this work presents the unification of direct assessment of soil and in-line inspection (ILI) with a probabilistic model to categorize soil corrosion. To pursue this task, we employed a model-based clustering analysis via Gaussian mixture models. The analysis was performed on data collected from southeastern Mexico. The clustering approach helps to prioritize areas to be inspected in terms of underground conditions and can improve repair decision making beyond what is offered by current assessment methodologies. This study also addresses two important issues related to in-situ data: missing data and truncated data. The typical approaches for treating missing data utilized in civil engineering are ad hoc methods. However, these conventional approaches may cause several critical problems such as biased estimates, artificially reduced variance, and loss of statistical power. Therefore, this study presents a variant of EM algorithms called Informative EM (IEM) to perform clustering analysis without filling in missing values prior to the analysis. This model-based method introduces additional cluster-specific Bernoulli parameters to exploit the nonuniformity of the frequency of missing values across clusters.In-line inspection tools (ILI) are commonly used for pipeline defect detection and characterization with advanced technologies such as magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonic tools (UT). Each technology has its limitation for minimum detectable defect size. As a result, the data measured by different technologies are difficult to compare under the same modeling framework. In the present study, this problem will be addressed, considering two datasets measured by MFL and UT. Moreover, a truncated generalized exponential (TGE) distribution is introduced to describe the observed data. The non-informative Jeffreys' prior is used to establish the Bayesian updating algorithm, and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is adopted to estimate the posterior distribution of model.

Download or read book Corrosion Protection for the Oil and Gas Industry written by Mavis Sika Okyere and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion Protection for the Oil and Gas Industry: Pipelines, Subsea Equipment, and Structures summarizes the main causes of corrosion and requirements for materials protection, selection of corrosion-resistant materials and coating materials commonly used for corrosion protection, and the limitations to their use, application, and repair. This book focuses on the protection of steels against corrosion in an aqueous environment, either immersed in seawater or buried. It also includes guidelines for the design of cathodic protection systems and reviews of cathodic protection methods, materials, installation, and monitoring. It is concerned primarily with the external and internal corrosion protection of onshore pipelines and subsea pipelines, but reference is also made to the protection of other equipment, subsea structures, risers, and shore approaches. Two case studies, design examples, and the author’s own experiences as a pipeline integrity engineer are featured in this book. Readers will develop a high quality and in-depth understanding of the corrosion protection methods available and apply them to solve corrosion engineering problems. This book is aimed at students, practicing engineers, and scientists as an introduction to corrosion protection for the oil and gas industry, as well as to overcoming corrosion issues.