Download or read book Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean written by Mark Bray and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private tutoring—supplementary, out-of-school instruction offered at a fee to individuals or groups—represents a substantial household expenditure, even in systems that claim to have free public education. It plays out across, alongside, and even within some school systems. Emerging as a ‘shadow education’, private tutoring now operates as a system and industry crossing national, regional, and social-class boundaries. Private tutoring is provided through different modes of delivery including the internet. Policy makers, parents, teachers, trade unions, corporations, community associations, and students are implicated in the private tutoring industry. The debates over private tutoring are therefore part of the larger struggles over the ends of education in just and equitable societies. The authors in this volume address diverse national settings of private tutoring across the Mediterranean, and examine its political, economic, social, and cultural underpinnings. They draw on a range of conceptual frameworks, and deploy a variety of research methods to problematize the multifaceted relationships between tutoring, learning, and equity. The volume captures a multiplicity of voices, and focuses on some of the central challenges facing education in pluralistic societies

Download or read book Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring written by Mark Bray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education because of the way that it mimics mainstream schooling, has greatly expanded worldwide. It consumes considerable family resources, provides employment for tutors, occupies the time of students, and has a backwash on regular schools. Although such tutoring has become a major industry and a daily activity for students, tutors and families, the research literature has been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. The topic is in some respects difficult to research, precisely because it is shadowy. Contours are indistinct, and the actors may hesitate to share their experiences and perspectives. Presenting methodological lessons from diverse cultures, the book contains chapters from both high-income and low-income settings in Asia, Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East. Separately and together, the chapters present valuable insights into the design and conduct of research. The book will assist both consumers and producers of research. Consumers will become better judges of the strengths, weaknesses and orientations of literature on the theme; and producers will gain insights for design of instruments, collection of data, and interpretation of findings. The editors: Mark Bray is UNESCO Chair Professor in Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong. Ora Kwo is an Associate Professor in the Comparative Education Research Centre at the University of Hong Kong. Boris Jokić is a Scientific Associate in the Centre for Educational Research and Development at the Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Croatia.

Download or read book The Rapid Rise and Transformational Trends of Private Tutoring written by Dr. Gyaneshwari Longjam and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2022-04-25 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The private tuitions, earlier a scarce commodity with relatively less presence, have today transitioned to a new hybrid model with marked, subtle presence in Manipur. Interesting trends have emerged with the mushrooming centres occupying the center stage that has beautifully crafted a business-favourable working model, leveraging time-tested techniques and embracing technology advancement for a unique proposal and being latched upon by many aspirants. From a tightly coupled education system that had the rudimentary approach to now a more flexible, ambidextrous approach enabled by the private sector, the impact of change seems to be profound. What are these trends and what do they signify – a weakness in the system that needs to be fixed or a strength that is playing a pivot role in augmenting the existing infrastructure/setup? Are these trends unreal, or does the data suggest otherwise of a measurable impact the private tuitions have on the students, family, service providers and the education stream? Thought-provoking information backed by data, facts and figures will provide clarity on all aspects of private tuitions serving further as the backbone that helps formulate suggestions and recommendations. It further strengthens the objective to analyse and determine how these trends will impact society in the short/long term and provide insights on possible techniques to have healthy learning agility for students that is balanced, poised for success.

Download or read book Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.

Download or read book Teachers as Tutors Shadow Education Market Dynamics in Georgia written by Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-10 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring has become a global phenomenon but has different features in different settings. This book explores the ways in which teacher-tutors’ beliefs, social norms, ideals about professionalism, and community values shape their economic decisions in the informal shadow education marketplace. Through theoretical lenses of economic sociology and anthropology, this study uncovers strong social and moral embeddedness of the shadow education market in social relationships, cultural norms and moralities in post-Soviet Georgia. The book questions some of the basic assumptions that the predominant neoliberal discourse promotes worldwide. The book is based on Kobakhidze’s PhD dissertation, which won the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) Gail P. Kelly Outstanding Dissertation Award. “[A] theoretically innovative and substantively enlightening account of shadow schooling in Georgia... A landmark achievement.” Roger Dale, University of Bristol “... an important and timely topic ... addressed with exceptional thoroughness. It constitutes a solid piece of academic work and clearly makes a significant contribution to the field of shadow education.”Heidi Biseth, University College of Southeast Norway, Chair of Gail P. Kelly Award Committee in 2017 “...through robust critical analysis, Kobakhidze invites a humanistic re-visioning of economy and society.“ Ora Kwo, The University of Hong Kong

Download or read book Handbook of Contemporary Education Economics written by Geraint Johnes and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the modern economics of education literature, bringing together a series of original contributions by globally renowned experts in their fields. Covering a wide variety of topics, each chapter assesses the most recent research with an emphasis on skills, evaluation and data analytics.

Download or read book Taming the Wild Horse of Shadow Education written by Wei Zhang and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the relevant cohorts of children receive private tutoring, with that proportion in some locations exceeding 80%. The sector has far-reaching implications for social inequalities, (in)efficiencies in educational processes, study burdens on students, family finances, innovation, and employment. Yet greatly-needed government regulations have typically been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. Commentary in the volume juxtaposes countries with strong regulations with counterparts having weak regulations. Conceptually, the book considers forces changing the roles of multiple stakeholders, including governments, entrepreneurs, teachers, families and students. A useful read for students and researchers interested in comparative education and governance. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Download or read book Privatization in and of Public Education written by Antonina Santalova and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how education is becoming more privatized around the world to fit local economic and political needs. Privatization in and of Public Education categorizes different types of privatization as traditional or non-traditional. Traditional policies give more rights to private companies to provide education, while non-traditional policies make public schools more like businesses. The authors show that privatization can lead to more efficient schooling, but it can also create a trade-off between efficiency and equity or inclusion. The book presents a range of perspectives on the impact of privatization, including structural, ethical, and subjective effects. The book also covers a range of countries and regions, including both developed and developing countries. This helps readers understand how privatization is playing out in different contexts around the world.

Download or read book Routledge International Handbook of Schools and Schooling in Asia written by Kerry J. Kennedy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook is the ultimate reference work, providing authoritative and international overviews of all aspects of schools and schooling in Asia. Split into 19 sections it covers curriculum, learning and assessment, private supplementary tutoring, special education, gender issues, ethnic minority education and LGBTQI students in Asian schools. The volume displays the current state of the scholarship for schools and schooling in Asia including emerging, controversial and cutting-edge contributions using a thematic approach. The content offers a broad sweep of the region with a focus on theoretical, cultural and political issues as well as identifying educational issues and priorities, such as curriculum, assessment, teacher education, school leadership, etc., all of which impact students and learning in multiple ways. The Routledge International Handbook of Schools and Schooling in Asia brings together experts in each area to contribute their knowledge, providing a multidimensional and rich view of the issues confronting the region’s school and education systems.

Download or read book Shadow Education in the Middle East written by Mark Bray and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers insights into the role of private supplementary tutoring in the Middle East, and its far-reaching implications for social structures and mainstream education. Around the world, increasing numbers of children receive private tutoring to supplement their schooling. In much of the academic literature this is called shadow education because the content of tutoring commonly mimics that of schooling: as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadow. While much research and policy attention has focused on private tutoring in East Asia and some other world regions, less attention has been given to the topic in the Middle East. Drawing on both Arabic-language and English-language literature, this study commences with the global picture before comparing patterns within and among 12 Arabic-speaking countries of the Middle East. It presents the educational and cultural commonalities amongst these countries, examines the drivers of demand and supply of shadow education, and considers the dynamics of tutoring and how it impacts on education in schools. In addition to its pertinence within the Middle East itself, the book will be of considerable interest to academics and education policy makers broadly concerned with changing roles of the state and private sectors in education. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Download or read book Qualities of Education in a Globalised World written by Diane Brook Napier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a growing revisionist tradition, comparative educational scholars challenge conventional assumptions about quality education as a singular undertaking dominated by standardised assessments and globalisation influences. The contributors to this volume illustrate the complexities and global dimensions of educational quality that emerged in their research. Several chapters critique educational reforms employing assessments aligned to global standards and large scale assessments, revealing how considerations of contextual factors, internal needs and local traditions are essential for developing a quality curriculum or for overhauling a national education system. Most chapters interrogate the uses and misuses of standardised assessment results. The contributors reveal the importance of asking critical questions about quality education: how to access it and for what purposes; what contextual and cultural factors are important; what implementation issues and local-level realities must be considered for true understanding of standardized assessment results; what content, skills and values are necessary and desirable ingredients; what roles teachers and administrators play; and what benefits accrue in terms of outcomes for employment and labor market needs or for achieving autonomy and stakeholder participation. Critiques of narrow interpretations of standardised assessment data contrast with research-based evidence that participation in large scale assessments such as PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS can indeed be beneficial to identify needed reform refinements and implementation shortcomings. Specific country cases include Brazil, Canada, the United States, Spain, Portugal, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, and the Philippines. Other chapters provide insights on quality education issues worldwide. The volume offers readers a panorama of views on the diversity of paths to quality education.

Download or read book Out of the Shadows written by Janice Aurini and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws attention to supplementary education, which is growing in many parts of the world, but often goes unrecognized for what it is: a hidden form of privatized education. It provides 'big picture' analyses to comparatively explain the intensity, authority and policy contexts of supplementary education

Download or read book Extended Education from an International Comparative Point of View written by Marianne Schüpbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WERA-IRN conference Extended Education from an International Comparative Point of View held at University of Bamberg, Germany, in 2017 aimed at bringing together different research perspectives, to synthesize the state of research worldwide in this new field of extended education – afterschool and out-of-school time learning –, and to initiate an international research direction from a comparative point of view. WERA-IRN Extended Education is an International Research Network of the World Education Research Association. From the conference proceedings, thirteen high-quality papers have been selected representing the international state of research on extended education.

Download or read book Shadow Education and Social Inequalities in Japan written by Steve R. Entrich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on ‘shadow education’ and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable.

Download or read book Third International Handbook of Globalisation Education and Policy Research written by Joseph Zajda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents a global overview of current research in education and education policy reforms during the last decade. It provides an accessible, practical and comparative source of current research that examines the intersecting and diverse discourses of this important issue. It first examines globalisation, education and policy research and reforms in higher education, including coverage of main trends in education and policy reforms globally, as well as specific policy issues such as gender, equity, minorities and human rights. Next, the handbook offers a comparative perspective that evaluates the ambivalent and problematic relationship between globalisation, the state and education reforms globally. It features coverage on curricula issues and education reforms in schools around the world, the curriculum in the global culture, as well as globalisation and education futures, with respect to social justice and human rights. The handbook contributes to a better and a more holistic understanding of the education reforms and research nexus—offering possible strategies for the effective and pragmatic policy planning and implementation at the local, regional and national levels. It will serve as a vital sourcebook of ideas for researchers, practitioners and policy makers in education.

Download or read book Classroom based Assessment in L2 Contexts written by Dina Tsagari and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume addresses issues that promote the notion of Classroom-based Language Assessment (CBLA) for the academic community and beyond. The book explores recent thinking and research on CBLA within the fields of language testing, assessment and general education based on theoretical and research papers presented at the recent CBLA SIG – EALTA Symposia held in Cyprus and the pre-conference EALTA workshops in various countries around Europe. The volume contains 17 chapters which involve both high-stakes tests and classroom-based assessments conducted by academics, professionals and researchers in the field. It brings together high-quality submissions that cover a gap in a research area that has long been in need of theoretical and empirical attention. Overall, this edited collection, with its international scope, offers a ground-breaking resource, bringing together in balanced relationship the fields of education and second language testing and assessment.

Download or read book The Global and the Local written by M. Fernanda Astiz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines how the understanding of the global and the local has changed in response to ongoing reconfigurations between the state and society. It also emphasizes the importance of schooling as an institution both within and across national contexts, a holistic approach that helps us move beyond a conglomeration of isolated local events to pay attention to global trends. In this regard, the book underscores the richness of contextual factors that may create opportunities for innovation, or may serve as constraints in the implementation process. As a whole, the book brings new questions about globalization and the imperatives of education policy and implementation.