Download or read book Principles for the Calculation of Radiation Dose Rates in Space Vehicles written by Robley Dunglison Evans and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis takes into account the angular distribution of the incident protons and electrons and the angular distribution of the electron bremsstrahlung. The distribution with depth in the propellant is determined for the dose rate due to protons, for the dose rate due to electron bremsstrahlung, and for the deposition of stopped protons. Whereas the dose rates for monoenergetic protons or electrons are maximum at the surface of the propellant, the deposition of protons has its minimum at the surface and increases linearly with depth up to the range of the protons. For the case of protons, the maximum surface dose rate depends primarily on the total number of protons striking the surface, and only slightly on their energy, so long as their energy is sufficient for them to clearly penetrate the surface medium. Illustrative calculations are carried out for the Freden and White spectrum of protons and for the Walt et al. spectrum of electrons incident on thin-walled stainless steel vehicles carrying liquid H2 or liquid O2. The numerical results for O2 would be closely similar to those for biological materials. (Author).
Download or read book An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Hazard in Space written by Leonty Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-31 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Bioastronautics written by Laurence R. Young and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive encyclopedia serves the needs of biomedical researchers, space mission planners and engineers, aerospace medicine physicians, graduate students, and professors interested in obtaining an up-to-date and readable introduction to bioastronautics, the science of humans in space. Following the excitement and progress of the birth of the space age in the fifties and sixties, with the successes in human space flight – culminating with the Moon landings – the field of bioastronautics retreated into the more workmanlike arena of successively longer stays in low Earth orbit. At this time, major new initiatives are ahead both in human and robotic space exploration. The International Space Station, along with the developing Chinese space station and lunar program, will permit the development and testing of the means of astronaut protection for long duration missions – eventually to Mars and its moons, as well as visits to asteroids, other NEOs, and the Lagrange points. New life support systems and innovative approaches to radiation protection beyond Earth’s magnetic field will all be developed and tested. Meanwhile, the search for extraterrestrial life, past or even present, is accelerating – with the spectacular finds of Martian water and the discovery of potentially habitable extra-solar planets. A new generation of scientists is ready to attack a new set of problems, and is in need of an efficient, accurate and searchable means of discovering the essentials of the field. This reference work also covers the challenges, past achievements, and potential solutions inherent to the safe exploration of distant space and the search for life off our planet. The entries summarize the tertiary literature and include sufficient data and illustrations to introduce each topic, while avoiding the length and detail of scientific review articles.
Download or read book NASA Strategic Plan written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1022 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Health and Performance Risks of Space Exploration Missions written by Jancy C. McPhee and published by U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation and the International Space Station written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-25 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major objective of the International Space Station is learning how to cope with the inherent risks of human spaceflightâ€"how to live and work in space for extended periods. The construction of the station itself provides the first opportunity for doing so. Prominent among the challenges associated with ISS construction is the large amount of time that astronauts will be spending doing extravehicular activity (EVA), or "space walks." EVAs from the space shuttle have been extraordinarily successful, most notably the on-orbit repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. But the number of hours of EVA for ISS construction exceeds that of the Hubble repair mission by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the ISS orbit has nearly twice the inclination to Earth's equator as Hubble's orbit, so it spends part of every 90-minute circumnavigation at high latitudes, where Earth's magnetic field is less effective at shielding impinging radiation. This means that astronauts sweeping through these regions will be considerably more vulnerable to dangerous doses of energetic particles from a sudden solar eruption. Radiation and the International Space Station estimates that the likelihood of having a potentially dangerous solar event during an EVA is indeed very high. This report recommends steps that can be taken immediately, and over the next several years, to provide adequate warning so that the astronauts can be directed to take protective cover inside the ISS or shuttle. The near-term actions include programmatic and operational ways to take advantage of the multiagency assets that currently monitor and forecast space weather, and ways to improve the in situ measurements and the predictive power of current models.
Download or read book Review of NASA s Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of its ongoing commitment to the nation's space program, NASA's medical leadership asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review specific aspects of the scientific basis, policies, and procedures associated with the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH). NASA created the LSAH in 1992 to address a variety of issues, including both the health of astronauts during space flight and the longer-term health issues that might be associated with space flight and flight training.
Download or read book Sources Fields Measurements and Applications written by Frank H. Attix and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation Dosimetry, Second Edition, VOLUME III: Sources, Fields, Measurements, and Applications covers the significant aspects of radiation dosimetry. The book discusses dosimetry relating to x rays and teleisotope gamma rays, discrete and distributed alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ray sources, electron beams, and heavy charged particle beams. The text also describes dosimetry relating to reactors, neutron and mixed n-gamma fields, neutrons from accelerators and radioactive sources, initial and residual ionizing radiation from nuclear weapons, natural and man-made background radiation, radiation in space, ultra-high energy radiation, and uncommon types of particles. Dosimetry relating to health physics, diobiology, radiotherapy, implant and intracavitary therapy, ""transition-zones"" (especially at bone-tissue interfaces), and radiation processing is also considered. Physicists, biophysicists, and people involved in radiological science will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961-10 with total page 1540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Second Symposium on Protection Against Radiation in Space written by Arthur Reetz and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock and Vibration Environment written by Wendell L. Hercules and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Estimates of Radiation Doses in Space written by Trutz Foelsche and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
