Download or read book Primate Zoonosis Surveillance written by Center for Disease Control and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the biggest threats today is the uncertainty surrounding the emergence of a novel pathogen or the re-emergence of a known infectious disease that might result in disease outbreaks with great losses of human life and immense global economic consequences. Over the past six decades, most of the emerging infectious disease events in humans have been caused by zoonotic pathogens-those infectious agents that are transmitted from animals to humans. In June 2008, the Institute of Medicine's and National Research Council's Committee on Achieving Sustainable Global Capacity for Surveillance and Response to Emerging Diseases of Zoonotic Origin convened a workshop. This workshop addressed the reasons for the transmission of zoonotic disease and explored the current global capacity for zoonotic disease surveillance.

Download or read book Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-06-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.

Download or read book Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-24 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H1N1 ("swine flu"), SARS, mad cow disease, and HIV/AIDS are a few examples of zoonotic diseases-diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are a growing concern given multiple factors: their often novel and unpredictable nature, their ability to emerge anywhere and spread rapidly around the globe, and their major economic toll on several disparate industries. Infectious disease surveillance systems are used to detect this threat to human and animal health. By systematically collecting data on the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals, investigators can track the spread of disease and provide an early warning to human and animal health officials, nationally and internationally, for follow-up and response. Unfortunately, and for many reasons, current disease surveillance has been ineffective or untimely in alerting officials to emerging zoonotic diseases. Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases assesses some of the disease surveillance systems around the world, and recommends ways to improve early detection and response. The book presents solutions for improved coordination between human and animal health sectors, and among governments and international organizations. Parties seeking to improve the detection and response to zoonotic diseases-including U.S. government and international health policy makers, researchers, epidemiologists, human health clinicians, and veterinarians-can use this book to help curtail the threat zoonotic diseases pose to economies, societies, and health.

Download or read book The Primate Zoonoses written by Loretta A. Cormier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an accessible and up-to-date reference on primate zoonoses. Recent years have witnessed a rise in human diseases zoonotically transferred from animals, with wild primates implicated in the spread of numerous newly emerging infections. The authors go beyond simply providing an inventory of diseases, helping readers to understand how and why they are transmitted. Important consideration is given to the contemporary cultural and ecological factors involved.

Download or read book Primate Zoonoses Surveillance written by Center for Disease Control and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Topics in Laboratory Animal Medicine V 14 Zoonoses of Primates written by USAF School of Aerospace Medicine and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-09 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic diseases represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from infectious disease. Defined by the World Health Organization, zoonoses are "those diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate." Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases that contribute significantly to an already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and immunocompromised individuals. The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health, covers a range of topics, which include: an evaluation of the relative importance of zoonotic diseases against the overall backdrop of emerging infections; research findings related to the current state of our understanding of zoonotic diseases; surveillance and response strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate the impact of zoonotic diseases on human health; and information about ongoing programs and actions being taken to identify the most important needs in this vital area.

Download or read book Epidemiology of Viruses at the Human primate Interface and Application of Non invasive Oral Sampling for Free ranging Primates written by Tierra Smiley Evans and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free-ranging nonhuman primates are potential sources of zoonotic viruses because of their close phylogenetic and physiologic relationship and, in many geographic regions, frequent contact with humans. Similarly, primates in close contact with humans are also at risk of contracting human viruses, which poses one of the greatest threats to the conservation of great apes in the wild. Human and primate contact is common in equatorial Africa, with human encroachment into forest and savannah habitats, and in parts of Asia, where urban-dwelling primates are flourishing. Surveillance of free-ranging primates at these high-risk interfaces for viral transmission is lacking, which hinders the understanding of disease dynamics within primate populations and promotes a largely reactionary approach in which steps are taken only after an outbreak of disease has occurred. New, more efficient non-invasive methods are needed for detecting pathogens in difficult to monitor primate species. Using a One Health approach, this dissertation research aimed to address gaps in knowledge of viral transmission at difficult to monitor human-primate interfaces by 1) developing techniques for non-invasive oral sampling of free-ranging primates, 2) applying these techniques to investigate viruses circulating in free-ranging mountain gorillas, and 3) investigating viruses in people residing near mountain gorilla habitat and behavioral risk factors associated with exposure to zoonotic viruses. In Chapter 1, a non-invasive oral sampling technique using distributed ropes was developed, targeting viruses shed in the oral cavity. Optimization was performed by testing paired rope and oral swabs from laboratory-colony rhesus macaques for rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV), a DNA herpesvirus, and simian foamy virus (SFV), an RNA retrovirus, and implementing the technique with free-ranging terrestrial and arboreal primate species in Uganda and Nepal. Both RhCMV and SFV were detected in oral samples collected from ropes distributed to laboratory colony macaques, and SFV was detected in free-ranging macaques and olive baboons. This study describes a technique that can be used for disease surveillance in free-ranging semi-habituated primates and potentially other wildlife species when invasive sampling techniques are not feasible. In Chapter 2, discarded plants from mountain gorillas and sympatric golden monkeys were evaluated as biological samples to detect orally-shed viruses. Discarded plant samples were tested for the presence of beta-actin, herpesviruses and SFV. Beta-actin was recovered from all plant species and portions of plant bitten or chewed by gorillas and golden monkeys, indicating that this method was effective in recovering primate cellular material. Gorilla herpesviral DNA was most consistently recovered from plants in which leafy portions were eaten by gorillas. SFV nucleic acid was recovered from plants discarded by golden monkeys, indicating that it is also possible to detect RNA viruses from plants bitten or chewed by this species of primate. These findings show that discarded plants are a useful non-invasive sampling method for detection of viruses that are shed orally in mountain gorillas, sympatric golden monkeys and potentially other species. In Chapter 3, discarded chewed plants were used to conduct the first population-wide survey for an Epstein-Barr like virus in mountain gorillas. We demonstrate that mountain gorillas are infected with a species-specific strain of lymphocryptovirus 1 (GbbLCV-1) that shares epidemiologic similarities to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in humans. We then identify GbbLCV-1 in infant lung lesions, suggesting infection with GbbLCV-1 is associated with pulmonary reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, a condition associated with EBV in HIV-infected children. In Chapter 4, discarded plants were used again to determine whether human herpesviruses have been introduced into the wild mountain gorilla population and what additional gorilla-specific herpesviruses are present. We did not detect any herpesviruses of human origin in wild mountain gorillas, suggesting that reintroducing orphan gorillas, likely infected with human herpes simplex 1 virus, could introduce a human virus into the potentially naïve wild population. We also found new mountain gorilla-specific homologs of human herpesviruses, including cytomegaloviruses (GbbCMV-1 and 2) and a rhadinovirus (GbbRHV-1) with similar epidemiologic characteristics to human cytomegalovirus and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Finding viruses that are closely related to human pathogens in a highly monitored wild animal species provides the opportunity to investigate the natural history of related herpesviruses in a natural setting. Chapter 5 investigated exposure to filoviruses in members of the Batwa and Bagika tribes living around the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. Using Western blot serological techniques, we identified humans seropositive for Zaire, Sudan and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate potential risk factors for filovirus exposure. Contact with wildlife through hunting and consumption were associated with Zaire and Sudan Ebolavirus seropositivity. These findings provide evidence that filoviruses are circulating in the Bwindi region of Uganda and that multiple wildlife species hosts are likely involved with human filovirus exposure. Together, this dissertation research demonstrates the importance of monitoring human and primate populations living in close proximity for viruses that could cross species. The One Health approach used in this dissertation combines human, wildlife, and behavioral epidemiological techniques to provide new insights into viral transmission at the human-primate interface, and these tools can be applied globally to the many environments in which humans and primates are living sympatrically.

Download or read book Anthrax in Humans and Animals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the anthrax guidelines encompasses a systematic review of the extensive new scientific literature and relevant publications up to end 2007 including all the new information that emerged in the 3-4 years after the anthrax letter events. This updated edition provides information on the disease and its importance, its etiology and ecology, and offers guidance on the detection, diagnostic, epidemiology, disinfection and decontamination, treatment and prophylaxis procedures, as well as control and surveillance processes for anthrax in humans and animals. With two rounds of a rigorous peer-review process, it is a relevant source of information for the management of anthrax in humans and animals.

Download or read book Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals written by Committee on Occupational Safety and Health in Research Animal Facilities and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-06-23 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written about the care of research animals. Yet little guidance has appeared on protecting the health and safety of the people who care for or use these animals. This book, an implementation handbook and companion to Guide For the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, identifies principles for building a program and discusses the accountability of institutional leaders, managers, and employees for a program's success. It provides a detailed description of risks-- physical and chemical hazards, allergens and zoonoses, and hazards from experiments--which will serve as a continuing reference for the laboratory. The book offers specific recommendations for controlling risk through administrative procedures, facility design, engineering controls, and periodic evaluations. The volume focuses on the worker, with detailed discussions of work practices, the use of personal protective gear, and the development of an emergency response plan. This handbook will be invaluable to administrators, researchers, and employees in any animal research facility. It will also be of interest to personnel in zoos, animal shelters, and veterinary facilities.

Download or read book Waterborne Zoonoses written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognised over recent decades, such as SARS, E. coli, campylobacter and cryptosporidium. This publication assesses current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for anticipating and controlling future emerging water-related diseases, in order to better protect the health of both humans and animals. It is based on the discussions of a workshop held in the United States in September 2003, which included 29 experts from 14 countries and diverse disciplines including microbiology, water epidemiology, medicine, sanitary engineering, food safety and regulatory policy.

Download or read book Primate zoonoses surveillance 1973 written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Priorities for Zoonoses and Marginalized Infections written by TDR Disease Reference Group on Zoonoses and Marginalized Infectious Diseases of Poverty and published by WHO Technical Report. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a review and analysis of the research landscape for zoonoses and marginalized infections which affect poor populations, and a list of research priorities to support disease control. The work is the output of the disease reference group on zoonoses and marginalized infectious diseases (DRG6), which is part of an independent think tank of international experts, established and funded by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), to identify key research priorities through the review of research evidence and input from stakeholder consultations. The report covers a diverse range of diseases including zoonotic helminth protozoa, viral and bacterial infections considered to be neglected and associated with poverty. Disease-specific research issues were elaborated under individual disease sections and many common priorities were readily identified among the disease such as need for new and/or improved drugs and regimens, diagnostics and, where appropriate, vaccines. The disease specific priorities are described as micro priorities compared with the macro level priorities which will drive such policies as the need for improved surveillance; the need for inter-sectoral interaction between health, livestock, agriculture, natural resources and wildlife in tackling the zoonotic diseases; and the need for a true assessment of the burden of the zoonoses. This is one of ten disease and thematic reference group reports that have come out of the TDR Think Tank, all of which have contributed to the development of the Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty.

Download or read book Zoonotic Tuberculosis written by Charles O. Thoen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria, Third Edition is a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the control and elimination of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in animals and humans. This update to the most complete and current reference available on Mycobacterium bovis includes new coverage of the latest molecular techniques; more information on human infection and One Health; updates to the information on the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD), the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Tuberculosis Eradication Program; and coverage of additional African countries. The Third Edition upholds the book’s reputation as a truly global resource on M. bovis. Written by an international list of tuberculosis experts, chapters cover the status of tuberculosis in many regions throughout the world and deal with issues related to the detection, spread, and control of Mycobacterium bovis, as well as the economic impact of outbreaks. Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria offers valuable information for public health officials, medical doctors, state and federal regulatory veterinarians, veterinary practitioners, and animal caretakers.

Download or read book Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals written by Pedro N. Acha and published by . This book was released on 2003-12-12 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3 vols also available separately. Contents: Vol. 1 Bacterioses and mycoses (2001, ISBN 927511580X); Vol. 2 Chlamydioses, rickettsioses and viroses (2003, ISBN 927519929); Vol. 3 Parasitoses (2003, ISBN 9275919928)

Download or read book Best Practice Guidelines for Great Ape Tourism written by Elizabeth J. Macfie and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive summary: Tourism is often proposed 1) as a strategy to fund conservation efforts to protect great apes and their habitats, 2) as a way for local communities to participate in, and benefit from, conservation activities on behalf of great apes, or 3) as a business. A few very successful sites point to the considerable potential of conservation-based great ape tourism, but it will not be possible to replicate this success everywhere. The number of significant risks to great apes that can arise from tourism reqire a cautious approach. If great ape tourism is not based on sound conservation principles right from the start, the odds are that economic objectives will take precedence, the consequences of which in all likelihood would be damaging to the well-being and eventual survival of the apes, and detrimental to the continued preservation of their habitat. All great ape species and subspecies are classified as Endangered or Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2010), therefore it is imperative that great ape tourism adhere to the best practice guidelines in this document. The guiding principles of best practice in great ape tourism are: Tourism is not a panacea for great ape conservation or revenue generation; Tourism can enhance long-term support for the conservation of great apes and their habitat; Conservation comes first--it must be the primary goal at any great ape site and tourism can be a tool to help fund it; Great ape tourism should only be developed if the anticipated conservation benefits, as identified in impact studies, significantly outweigh the risks; Enhanced conservation investment and action at great ape tourism sites must be sustained in perpetuity; Great ape tourism management must be based on sound and objective science; Benefits and profit for communities adjacent to great ape habitat should be maximised; Profit to private sector partners and others who earn income associated with tourism is also important, but should not be the driving force for great ape tourism development or expansion; Comprehensive understanding of potential impacts must guide tourism development. positive impacts from tourism must be maximised and negative impacts must be avoided or, if inevitable, better understood and mitigated. The ultimate success or failure of great ape tourism can lie in variables that may not be obvious to policymakers who base their decisions primarily on earning revenue for struggling conservation programmes. However, a number of biological, geographical, economic and global factors can affect a site so as to render ape tourism ill-advised or unsustainable. This can be due, for example, to the failure of the tourism market for a particular site to provide revenue sufficient to cover the development and operating costs, or it can result from failure to protect the target great apes from the large number of significant negative aspects inherent in tourism. Either of these failures will have serious consequences for the great ape population. Once apes are habituated to human observers, they are at increased risk from poaching and other forms of conflict with humans. They must be protected in perpetuity even if tourism fails or ceases for any reason. Great ape tourism should not be developed without conducting critical feasibility analyses to ensure there is sufficient potential for success. Strict attention must be paid to the design of the enterprise, its implementation and continual management capacity in a manner that avoids, or at least minimises, the negative impacts of tourism on local communities and on the apes themselves. Monitoring programmes to track costs and impacts, as well as benefits, [is] essential to inform management on how to optimise tourism for conservation benefits. These guidelines have been developed for both existing and potential great ape tourism sites that wish to improve the degree to which their programme constributes to the conservation rather than the exploitation of great apes.