Download or read book Primary Commodity Prices and Macroeconomic Variables written by Theodosios B. Palaskas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Primary Commodity Prices and Macroeconomic Variables written by Cevdet Denizer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, fluctuations in such macroeconomic variables as interest rates and exchange rates appear to have significantly affected primary commodity prices. This paper studies the relationship between commodity prices and various macroeconomic variables. It focuses particularly on interest rates because of the important role they play in the portfolio adjustment model, in which investors move between commodities, bonds and money as interest rates change. The paper concludes that there is a long run quantifiable relationship between real interest rates and real commodity prices, but not between real commodity prices and either consumer prices or the money supply. Commodity prices in nominal terms strongly affect consumer prices but not the reverse - and some groups of commodity prices can be reliable indicators of movements in consumer prices. Changes in the money supply affect commodity prices, but not the reverse, and the relationship is not quantifiable.
Download or read book Unemployment and Primary Commodity Prices written by Annalisa Cristini and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-04-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the links between primary commodity prices and the OECD rate of unemployment. In particular it formalises and estimates a macroeconomic model which by endogenizing both the OECD rate of unemployment and primary commodity prices, is capable of accounting for the feedback running from the primary market back to the OECD economy. Simulations are also performed to provide insights into the propagation mechanism of an oil price shock and the role played by the various factors to determine the final effect.
Download or read book Primary Commodity Prices written by L. Alan Winters and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-03-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commodity markets are of considerable interest and importance to economists, econometricians and dealers. This book reports the proceedings of an international conference on 'Primary Commodity Prices: Economic Models and Policy', held in London under the auspices of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in March 1989. A range of papers by leading international authorities covers topics such as expectations formation in econometric commodity market models; price determination in the market for aluminium; the estimation of dynamic disequilibrium models with rational expectations; and a comparison of forward markets and buffer stocks as commodity earnings stabilizers. A key feature of this stock is its development of the policy implications of theoretical and empirical work in the field of commodity economics. Most papers are accompanied by discussant's comments to draw out their technical and policy implications. The book's readership will include commodity economists, commodity market practitioners and policy analysis, as well as professionals and advanced students interested in the fields of applied econometrics, economic development and international trade.
Download or read book Modeling and Forecasting Primary Commodity Prices written by Walter C. Labys and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent economic growth in China and other Asian countries has led to increased commodity demand which has caused price rises and accompanying price fluctuations not only for crude oil but also for the many other raw materials. Such trends mean that world commodity markets are once again under intense scrutiny. This book provides new insights into the modeling and forecasting of primary commodity prices by featuring comprehensive applications of the most recent methods of statistical time series analysis. The latter utilize econometric methods concerned with structural breaks, unobserved components, chaotic discovery, long memory, heteroskedasticity, wavelet estimation and fractional integration. Relevant tests employed include neural networks, correlation dimensions, Lyapunov exponents, fractional integration and rescaled range. The price forecasting involves structural time series trend plus cycle and cyclical trend models. Practical applications focus on the price behaviour of more than twenty international commodity markets.
Download or read book Is There Excess Co movement of Primary Commodity Prices written by Theodosios B. Palaskas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Primary Commodity and Macroeconomic Variables written by Theodosios B. Palaskas and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Commodity Market Models written by O. Güvenen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RONALD C. DUNCAN During the 1980s, substantial advances were made in the global modelling of commodity markets in several areas, advances which were reflected in many of the papers delivered to the Applied Econometrics Association meeting held at the World Bank in Washington, DC, in October 1988. The several areas where I see advances being made, some of which the International Commodity Markets Division of the World Bank has taken part in, are the following: (a) in the theoretical specification of commodity price behaviour; (b) in the increased emphasis on modelling imperfect markets; (c) in the incorporation of the interrelationships between macro economic and commodity market variables; (d) in the specification of supply response, particularly in respect of perennial crops; and (e) in the realization of complementarity between time series analysis and economet rically estimated structural models. Improvements in the specification of the commodity price formation process have probably been the most important of the above advances. Until the early 1980s, prices were modelled as a simple linear function of stocks. Gilbert has played an important role in introducing the rational expecta tions hypothesis into the specification of commodity prices. Recent work by Gilbert, Trivedi, and Deaton and Laroque offers the possibility of non-linear specification of the relationship between prices and stocks within an expectational framework and of thereby capturing the phenomenon of sharp run-ups in commodity prices. Gilbert has also played an important role in clarifying the interrelation ships between macroeconomic variables and primary commodity prices.
Download or read book The Economics of Primary Commodities written by David Sapsford and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by leading economists in the area of the economic analysis of primary commodity markets are brought together in this volume. It provides a detailed coverage of major recent developments in the economic analysis of primary commodity markets, including modelling and policy issues. The essays should provide the reader with an overview of the current state of the art and also a useful platform on which future research might be based.
Download or read book Commodity Prices and Markets written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluctuations of commodity prices, most notably of oil, capture considerable attention and have been tied to important economic effects. This book advances our understanding of the consequences of these fluctuations, providing both general analysis and a particular focus on the countries of the Pacific Rim.
Download or read book The Comovement in Commodity Prices written by Mr.Ron Alquist and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a simple macroeconomic model with a continuum of primary commodities used in the production of the final good, such that the real prices of commodities have a factor structure. One factor captures the combined contribution of all aggregate shocks which have no direct effects on commodity markets other than through general equilibrium effects on output, while other factors represent direct commodity shocks. Thus, the factor structure provides a decomposition of underlying structural shocks. The theory also provides guidance on how empirical factors can be rotated to identify the structural factors. We apply factor analysis and the identification conditions implied by the model to a cross-section of real non-energy commodity prices. The theoretical restrictions implied by the model are consistent with the data and thus yield a structural interpretation of the common factors in commodity prices. The analysis suggests that commodity-related shocks have generally played a limited role in global business cycle fluctuations.
Download or read book The Relative Volatility of Commodity Prices written by Mr.Rabah Arezki and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the volatility of commodity prices on the basis of a large dataset of monthly prices observed in international trade data from the United States over the period 2002 to 2011. The conventional wisdom in academia and policy circles is that primary commodity prices are more volatile than those of manufactured products, even though most of the existing evidence does not actually attempt to measure the volatility of prices of individual goods or commodities. Rather the literature tends to focus on trends in the evolution and volatility of ratios of price indexes composed of multiple commodities and products. This approach can be misleading. Indeed, the evidence presented in this paper suggests that on average prices of individual primary commodities may be less volatile than those of individual manufactured goods.
Download or read book Commodity Prices and the New Inflation written by Barry Bosworth and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of primary commodities in industries economies; The contribution of primary commodity price increases to inflation; Sources of commodity price fluctuations; Grain and petroleum: the role of institutional changes; The policy choices: some general considerations; Commodity stabilization policies: some specific proposals.
Download or read book The Adjustment to Commodity Price Shocks in Chile Colombia and Peru written by Mr.Francisco Roch and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the macroeconomic adjustment in Chile, Colombia, and Peru to commodity terms-of-trade shocks. The study is done in two steps: (i) an analysis of the impulse responses of key macroeconomic variables to terms-of-trade shocks and (ii) an event study of the adjustment to the recent decline in commodity prices. The experiences of these countries highlight the importance of flexible exchange rates to help with the adjustment to lower commodity prices, and staying vigilant in addressing depreciation pressures on inflation through tightening monetary policies. On the fiscal front, evidence shows that greater fiscal space, like in Chile and Peru, gives more room for accommodating terms-of-trade shocks.
Download or read book The Dynamic Effects of Commodity Prices on Fiscal Performance in Latin America written by Leandro Medina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-08-01 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent boom and bust in commodity prices has raised concerns about the impact of volatile commodity prices on Latin American countries’ fiscal positions. Using a novel quarterly data set-which includes unique country-specific commodity price indices and a comprehensive measure of public expenditures-this paper analyzes the dynamic effects of commodity price fluctuations on fiscal revenues and expenditures for eight commodity-exporting Latin American countries. The results indicate that Latin American countries’ fiscal positions react strongly to shocks to commodity prices, yet there are marked differences across countries. Fiscal variables in Venezuela display the highest sensitivity to commodity price shocks, with expenditures reacting significantly more than revenues. At the other end of the spectrum, in Chile expenditure reacts very little to commodity price fluctuations, and the dynamic responses of its fiscal indicators are very similar to those seen in high-income commodity-exporting countries. This distinct behavior across countries may relate to institutional arrangements, which in some cases include the efficient application of fiscal rules amid political commitment and high standards of transparency.
Download or read book The Macroeconomic Determinants of Commodity Prices written by Eduardo Borensztein and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “traditional structural approach” to the determination of real commodity prices has relied exclusively on demand factors as the fundamentals that explain the behavior of commodity prices. This framework, however, has been unable to explain the marked and sustained weakness in commodity prices during the 1980s and 1990s. This paper extends that framework in two important directions: First, it incorporates commodity supply in the analysis, capturing the impact on prices of the sharp increase in commodity exports of developing countries during the debt crisis of the 1980s. Second, we take a broader view of “world” demand that extends beyond the industrial countries and includes output developments in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (FSU). The empirical results support these extensions, as both the fit of the model improves substantially and, more importantly, its ability to forecast increases markedly.
Download or read book El Nino and World Primary Commodity Prices written by Allan D. Brunner and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the historical effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle on world primary commodity prices, as well as other measures of world economic activity. There is, of course, an extensive literature devoted to estimating the effects of weather on economic activity. The bulk of this work concerns the effects of relatively high-frequency changes in weather on economic activity. While the importance of weather varies by geographic region and by industrial sector,2 a plethora of studies have documented the effects of precipitation and temperature on agricultural production,3 energy demand,4 and construction activity. 5 In addition, Saunders (1993) found that Wall Street weather has significant psychological effects on daily stock market returns.