Download or read book Pricing to Market and International Trade Evidence from U S Agricultural Exports written by Yun Xu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This dissertation examines whether US exporters of agricultural commodities, including wheat, beef, pork, corn, soybean and lettuce, price to market in both a monopolistic and an oligopolistic framework. In a static monopolistic framework, considering the seasonality characteristics of prices and costs of agricultural products, a seasonal error correction model (SECM) is estimated. This study is the first one to apply the concepts of seasonal cointegration and seasonal common trends. In cases where seasonal cointegration is rejected by the hypothesis test, a vector error correction model (VECM) is used. The results from the cointegration method confirm strong imperfect competition and destination-specific characteristics of PTM behavior. Different price responses imply that under depreciations of the US dollar, exports to Japan, Canada, and the Philippines will increase but have a smaller effect on improving the US trade balance than in the case of perfect competition, while exports to South Korea, Mexico, Singapore, and Hong Kong will increase by a relatively small percentage, which results in an ambiguous impact on the US trade balance. In an oligopolistic framework, this study distinguishes different roles of the two exchange rates in export pricing strategies. The results show that imperfect competition exists in US wheat, beef, pork, and corn export markets. For beef, pork, and corn exports, the objective of US exporters is to keep local currency prices stable, which to some extent mitigates the export-enhancing effect of depreciations of the US dollar. The exceptional case is US wheat exports. Taking into account the huge export subsidies that US wheat exporters receive from the US Export Enhancement Program (EEP), US agricultural exporters tend to keep price-stabilizing strategies unless strong financial support from the government is available. Therefore, the depreciation of the US dollar is not sufficient for improving the US agricultural trade balance without governmental export supports. The real exchange rate exhibits a strong price-enhancing effect on export prices in most selected products except wheat, after the effect of the nominal exchange rate is taken into account.
Download or read book World Trade Flows in Major Agricultural Products written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Market Access Issues for U S Agricultural Exports written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Agriculture and World Trade written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Agricultural Exports written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Trade in Major U S Crops written by Alan J. Webb and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prices of Agricultural Exports written by Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Foreign Commerce Department and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Trade Responsiveness in Western Hemisphere Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extract: Import demand and export supply elasticities for grains, soybeans, and cotton for the Western Hemisphere countries studied suggest that neither imports nor exports will be very responsive in the medium run (2-3 years) to a reduction in U.S. commodity prices stemming from the Farm Security Act of 1985, because domestic and trade policies insulate domestic prices from changes in world prices. Import demand for feed grains and soybeans is generally more responsive to price declines than food grains. Factors other than price are often more important in influencing import decisions. But policies can change quickly, especially in many Latin American countries; a period of sustained lower U.S. prices may elicit policy changes in the long run that make import demand more responsive to lower prices.
Download or read book U S Embargoes on Agricultural Exports written by United States International Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries written by M. Ataman Aksoy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries presents research findings based on a series of commodity studies of significant economic importance to developing countries. The book sets the stage with background chapters and investigations of cross-cutting issues. It then describes trade and domestic policy regimes affecting agricultural and food markets, and assesses the resulting patterns of production and trade. The book continues with an analysis of product standards and costs of compliance and their effects on agricultural and food trade. The book also investigates the impact of preferences given to selected countries and their effectiveness, then reviews the evidence on the attempts to decouple agricultural support from agricultural output. The last background chapter explores the robustness of the global gains of multilateral agricultural and food trade liberalization. Given this context, the book presents detailed commodity studies for coffee, cotton, dairy, fruits and vegetables, groundnuts, rice, seafood products, sugar, and wheat. These markets feature distorted policy regimes among industrial or middle-income countries. The studies analyze current policy regimes in key producing and consuming countries, document the magnitude of these distortions and estimate the distributional impacts - winners and losers - of trade and domestic policy reforms. By bringing the key issues and findings together in one place, Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries aids policy makers and researchers, both in their approach to global negotiations and in evaluating their domestic policies on agriculture. The book also complements the recently published Agriculture and the WTO, which focuses primarily on the agricultural issues within the context of the WTO negotiations.
Download or read book U S Foreign Agricultural Trade written by Robert Lee Tontz and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Desk Reference Guide to U S Agricultural Trade written by David W. Pendlum and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of 1965 Price Developments in the Foreign Agricultural Trade of the United States written by Hans George Hirsch and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Transmission of Exchange Rate Changes to Agricultural Prices written by William Liefert and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Movements in exchange rates can change the prices of goods faced by producers and consumers and thereby affect incentives to produce, consume, and trade goods. Exchange rate changes, however, might not be completely transmitted (passed through) to domestic prices. Price and exchange rate transmission for ag. products is low in most developing economies, partly because of trade policies but also because of inadequate infrastructure and other market deficiencies. During the last 20 years, developed and developing countries have moved away from support policies that impede price and exchange rate transmission toward trade policies that allow transmission, such as tariffs. However, market deficiencies remain as a cause of incomplete transmission. Illus.
Download or read book United States Agricultural Exports written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic agricultural policy in the United States was significantly changed by the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act. Although it continues to provide income support to farmers for the next 5 years, FAIR reduces the government's role in regulating the production of bulk commodities such as wheat and corn and provides the agricultural sector and farmers enhanced flexibility to respond to domestic and international market conditions. We assessed (1) the way in which FAIR will likely affect U.S. agricultural exports and (2) the continued relevance of U.S. agricultural export assistance programs. To address FAIR'S potential impact on U.S. exports, we interviewed a wide range of U.S. and competitor nation agricultural experts, analyzed available studies and reports authored by some of these experts, and reviewed and discussed the agricultural trade components of various economic models. To evaluate the programs' relevance, we reviewed both qualitative and quantitative evidence regarding the extent to which the programs benefit the overall U.S. economy, benefit the U.S. agricultural sector and specific U.S. commodities, counter competitor nations' agricultural export programs, and promote U.S. trade negotiating objectives.
Download or read book What our farm exports mean to the world written by United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Office of Communication and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
