Download or read book Prevalence Fate and Co selection of Heavy Metals and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Urban and Agricultural Soils written by Wei-Cheng Hung and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread occurrence of antibiotic resistance and heavy metal are critical public health issues, posing global threats to human health. Antibiotics have been widely used in medical settings and in agriculture as growth promoters in livestock. A large fraction of antibiotics are excreted unchanged and can create selective environments for the emergence and proliferation of antibiotic resistance in receiving environmental compartments such as agricultural soils. Heavy metals, known as notable environmental stressors, promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance by exerting co-selective pressure. More research is needed to manage both issues and to address the gap in the literature that exists with respect to their synergism. Through both field and laboratory microcosm research, the present study aims to investigate the prevalence, fate, co-occurrence, and interactions of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal(loid)s in urban and agricultural soils. Los Angeles has a long history of lead (Pb) contamination due to automobile emissions, industrial processes, and Pb-containing paint. Although the amount of Pb coming from these sources has been significantly reduced, the legacy of Pb in Los Angeles continues to affect soil Pb concentrations in public parks. These concentrations were shown to be high, with 47 parks having one or more samples exceeding the California EPA guideline of 80 ppm. According to EPA LeadSpread model, soil Pb levels of 80-320 ppm can lead to an estimated increase of blood Pb level from 1 to 4 ug/dL. This study provides information that can be used to guide remediation decisions for authorities and for the construction of Pb-safe environments. While bioretention systems (biofilters) have been widely and effectively used to capture chemical pollutants from surface runoff, the effect of biofilters on both heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been relatively understudied. A comprehensive survey of seasonal and regional ARGs and metal(loid)s is presented in urban biofilters in this study. Multiple effects of soil properties, bioavailable and total metal(loid)s on ARGs within biofilters were determined using multiple linear regression analysis. This study enhances our knowledge of ARG baseline levels for risk assessment and more strategic development of urban biofilters. Land application of biosolids is a common practice for recycling and reuse of biosolids. However, the effect of land application of biosolids on soil ARG concentrations still remains elusive. Results indicate that ARGs were higher in biosolids-amended soils than in the surrounding agricultural soils that had not received biosolids. Land-applied biosolids also create selective environments for the emergence and proliferation of ARGs in the environment. Spatial patterns of ARGs in soils also provided insight into the distribution of ARGs and their associations with types of land uses, ultimately leading to better management of soil ARGs.
Download or read book Soil Heavy Metals written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land.
Download or read book Availability Transfer and Balances of Heavy Metals in Urban Agriculture of West Africa written by Nafiu Abdu and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils written by Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment. It covers a wide range of topics to help readers understand antibiotics and ARGs in soils, the risks they pose for the environment, and options for effective control. In addition, it presents a range of essential tools and methodologies that can be used to address antibiotics and ARGs in a consistent, efficient, and cost-effective manner. Gathering contributions by international experts, the book addresses both theoretical aspects and practical applications.The topics discussed include antibiotics-producing microorganisms; the routes of entry and fate of antibiotics and resistance genes; biomonitoring approaches; dissemination of ARGs in soils; risk assessment; the impact of antibiotics and ARGs on the soil microbial community and other biota; bioremediation and biodegradation approaches; and soil management strategies for antibiotics and ARG-contaminated soils.As such, the book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars in environmental science and engineering, toxicology, the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences, microbial ecology and plant biotechnology. Readers and Journals: 1. This new volume on antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars in environmental science and engineering, toxicology, the medical and pharmaceutical sciences, environmental biotechnology, soil sciences,microbial ecology and plant biotechnology. 2. The book will provide government authorities all over the world with effective strategies for the management of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARG)- contaminated soil. 3. Gathering contributions by international experts,the book addresses both theoretical aspects and practical applications.
Download or read book Tolerance to Environmental Contaminants written by Claude Amiard-Triquet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-01-21 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tolerance, the ability of populations to cope with the chemical stress resulting from toxic contaminants, has been described in many organisms from bacteria to fungi, from phytoplankton to terrestrial flowering plants, and from invertebrates such as worms to vertebrates like fish and amphibians. The building of tolerance, be it by physiological acc
Download or read book Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils written by Irena Sherameti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a description of the various sources and factors influencing the contents of heavy metal pollution in post-catastrophic and agricultural soils, subsequent chapters examine soil enzymes and eggs as bio-monitors, lead adsorption, the effects of arsenic on microbial diversity, and the effects of Mediterranean grasslands on abandoned mines. A third section focuses on the adaptation strategies used by plants and bacteria, such as Pinus sylvestris in industrial areas, and the rhizosphere in contaminated tropical soils and soil treated with sewage sludge. Further topics addressed include strategies of bioremediation, e.g. using transgenic plants as tools for soil remediation. This new volume on heavy metals in soil will be of interest to researchers and scholars in microbial and plant biotechnology, agriculture, the environmental sciences and soil ecology.
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils written by B. J. Alloway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy metals in soils continue to receive increasing attention due to the growing scientific and public awareness of environmental issues and the development of analytical techniques to measure their concentrations accurately. Building on the success and acclaim of the first edition, this book continues to provide an up-to-date, balanced and comprehensive review of the subject in two sections: the first providing an introduction to the metals chemistry, sources and methods used for their analysis; and the second containing chapters dealing with individual elements in detail.
Download or read book Degradation of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria From Various Sources written by Pardeep Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The excessive use of antibiotics has given rise to an increase in microbial resistance, threatening our ability to treat infectious diseases. The growth in resistance to antimicrobials and antibiotics threatens to reverse almost a century of medical progress. urgent action plans to tackle the crisis of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and multi-resistant bacteria are needed. It is a major research task to find effective ways to reduce the release and degradation of antibiotics and ARBs to the environment. Degradations of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria from various sources addresses various issues related the generations and degradations, eliminations of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance bacteria. Degradations of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria from various sources contains both practical and theoretical latest and broad aspects of antibiotics and antibiotics resistance bacteria management through the various recent methods. Various factors which are responsible for the efficient degradations are highlighted in the Degradations of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria from various sources as separate chapters. Socioeconomic and policies on the ARBs are also discussed. Contains both practical and theoretical latest and broad aspects of antibiotics resistant bacteria Emphasizes the health impact of antibiotic resistance and genes Gives insight in the applications of anaerobic digestions for eliminations of ARBs (antibiotic resistance blockers) and ARGs (Antibiotic Resistance Genes) Shows how ARB’s influences the degradation processes and management
Download or read book Distribution Emergence Fate and Transport of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental Compartments Studies at the Nexus of Human Environment Interaction written by Cristina Maria Echeverria Palencia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The failing of current last line of defense antibiotics has raised concerns over the future treatability of common bacterial infections, drawing particular concern for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which confer resistance and can be transferred among bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. ARGs are ubiquitous and rather than readily degrading, can proliferate in the presence of selective and co-selective pressures, as well as persist in the absence of a bacterial host. In this way, ARGs challenge current perceptions of contaminant behavior, with many questions concerning ARG fate and transport still yet to be answered. The four studies reported here explore ARG extent of dissemination, fate and transport, from the framework of prioritizing environmental compartments that may be of public health significance. The first research chapter presents a survey of environmental ARG levels in California, sampling air, drinking water and soil across 26 public parks in four cities across California, USA. Data are analyzed by two methods and city values are compared to each other as well as to globally reported values. In conducting this study, city to city disparities in ARG levels are shown for the first time, providing insight into possible hotspots for ARG proliferation. In the second chapter, Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are confirmed as possible sources for airborne ARGs. Air is sampled from areas directly downwind of agricultural activity and compared to locations regarded as "pristine," or unassociated with agriculture. Antibiotic resistance is studied via culturally dependent and molecular methods, presenting data on ARGs in viable bacteria as well as found extracellularly. The third research chapter explores commercial garden products as potential sources of ARG content near homes. Here a survey of the ARG content of 30 commercially available garden products is presented and contextualized in relation to branding, third party certifications and environmentally reported ARG quantities. Lastly, the final research chapter explores the fate and transport of garden product-derived ARGs through microcosm experiments. Here, four garden products are used to supplement an ARG-free receiving soil and temporal profiles are created to determine short term decay and proliferation of ARGs from commercially available inputs
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes written by Patricia L. Keen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antimicrobial resistance is arguably the greatest threat to worldwide human health. This book evaluates the roles of human water use, treatment and conservation in the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Designed as a companion volume to Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012), this book is a multi-disciplinary synthesis of topics related to antimicrobial resistance and wastewater treatment processes. Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes assembles detailed discussions written by many of the world's best-known experts in microbiology, civil engineering, chemistry, environmental science, public health and related fields. The book presents a collection of subjects that includes: Current knowledge of the role of the environment in development and spread of antimicrobial resistance Chemical analysis of antibiotics in environmental samples Molecular methods for analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes Advanced wastewater treatment processes and antimicrobial resistance effects Public perception of risk related to health consequences of antimicrobial resistance Public health implications of antimicrobial resistance with focus on wastewater treatment processes Antimicrobial resistance has gained a foothold in the global consciousness as a serious public health threat. There is a much greater appreciation for the role of the environment in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance and the effects of pollutants that can potentially promote development of resistance in bacteria. Contaminants released from wastewater treatment plants are a concern. In Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Treatment Processes, readers will be guided through examinations of the current science related to this important health issue.
Download or read book Water Security Big Data Driven Risk Identification Assessment and Control of Emerging Contaminants written by Bin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Security: Big Data-Driven Risk Identification, Assessment and Control of Emerging Contaminants contains the latest information on big data–driven risk detection and analysis, risk assessment and environmental health effect, intelligent risk control technologies, and global control strategy of emerging contaminants. First, this book highlights advances and challenges throughout the detection of emerging chemical contaminants (e.g., antimicrobials, microplastics) by sensors or mass spectrometry, as well as emerging biological contaminant (e.g., ARGs, pathogens) by a combination of next- and third-generation sequencing technologies in aquatic environment. Second, it discusses in depth the ecological risk assessment and environmental health effects of emerging contaminants. Lastly, it presents the most up-to-date intelligent risk management technologies. This book shares instrumental global strategy and policy analysis on how to control emerging contaminants. Offering interdisciplinary and global perspectives from experts in environmental sciences and engineering, environmental microbiology and microbiome, environmental informatics and bioinformatics, intelligent systems, and knowledge engineering, this book provides an accessible and flexible resource for researchers and upper level students working in these fields. Covers the detection, high-throughput analyses, and environmental behavior of the typical emerging chemical and biological contaminants Focuses on chemical and biological big data driven aquatic ecological risk assessment models and techniques Highlights the intelligent management and control technologies and policies for emerging contaminants in water environments
Download or read book Transferable Antibiotic Resistance written by S. Mitsuhashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants written by Pushpika Freitas and published by Scitus Academics LLC. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil, one of the most important natural resources, is becoming degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, agricultural activities, sewage sludge, fossil fuel combustion, metallurgical and chemical industries and electronics. Soil is a crucial component of rural and urban environments, and in both places land management is the key to soil quality. This series of technical notes examines the urban activities that cause soil degradation, and the management practices that protect the functions urban societies demand from soil. This technical note focuses on heavy metal soil contamination. Mining, manufacturing, and the use of synthetic products e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge can result in heavy metal contamination of urban and agricultural soils. Heavy metals also occur naturally, but rarely at toxic levels.
Download or read book The Seine River Basin written by Nicolas Flipo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book reviews the water-agro-food and socio-eco-system of the Seine River basin (76,000 km2), and offers a historical perspective on the river’s long-term contamination. The Seine basin is inhabited by circa 17 million people and is impacted by intensive agricultural practices and industrial activities. These pressures have gradually affected its hydrological, chemical and ecological functioning, leading to a maximum chemical degradation between the 1960s and the 1990s. Over the last three decades, while major water-quality improvements have been observed, new issues (e.g. endocrine disruptors, microplastics) have also emerged. The state of the Seine River network, from the headwaters to estuary, is increasingly controlled by the balance between pressures and social responses. This socio-ecosystem provides a unique example of the functioning of a territory under heavy anthropogenic pressure during the Anthropocene era. The achievements made were possible due to the long-term PIREN Seine research program, established in 1989 and today part of the French socio-ecological research network “Zones Ateliers”, itself part of the international Long-term Socio-economic and Ecological Research Network (LTSER). Written by experts in the field, the book provides an introduction to the water budget and the territorial metabolism of the Seine basin, and studies the trajectories and impact of various pollutants in the Seine River. It offers insights into the ecological functioning, the integration of agricultural practices, the analysis of aquatic organic matter, and the evolution of fish assemblages in the Seine basin, and also presents research perspectives and approaches to improve the water quality of the Seine River. Given its scope, it will appeal to environmental managers, scientists and policymakers interested in the long-term contamination of the Seine River.
Download or read book Microplastic in the Environment Pattern and Process written by Michael S. Bank and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.
Download or read book Soil pollution a hidden reality written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.
Download or read book Cadmium in Water written by Water Resources Scientific Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
