Download or read book Preparation and Properties Characterization of Polyamide clay Bio nanocomposites written by Afonso Daniel Macheca and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel method for polyamide/clay bio-nanocomposites fabrication was developed in an attempt to facilitate ?extensive delamination? of clay stacks in polyamide matrices. The method, the so-called ?surfactant-free organo-modification approach? did not employ any surfactants for the matrix-clay compatibilisation. The idea was to exploit the use of dimer fatty acid polyamides with protonated amine end groups as clay surface modifiers of the clay previously dispersed in a liquid medium. The clays of choice in the study were the standard smectite clays commonly used to prepare polymer-clay nanocomposites and vermiculite. They were ultimately chosen on the basis of their ability to exfoliate into nano-thick sheets. Dimer fatty acid polyamide/clay bio-nanocomposites containing either montmorillonite or vermiculite were successfully prepared using the ?surfactant-free organo-modification approach?. Bio-nanocomposites containing as much as 28 wt.% montmorillonite and 30 wt.% vermiculite were obtained. In both cases, the composites featured a mixed morphology containing some exfoliated clay sheets together with nano-sized clay tactoids. At these filler loadings, the melt viscosity, tensile strength and Young?s modulus increased. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass transition temperature of the polymer increased by as much as 5 ?C when 27.5 wt.% montmorillonite was added and 10 ?C when 30 wt.% vermiculite was added. This indicates that the high interfacial surface area, presented by the clay platelets dispersed in the matrix, significantly impaired the polymer chain mobility. A further goal of the research was to extend the application of organo-modified vermiculite to the semi-crystalline polyamide-11. In this particular case, organomodified- and unmodified vermiculite and commercial sepiolite (Pangel S9) were considered. The clays were melt-compounded into the polyamide-11 to form products that contained either no filler, i.e. neat polyamide-11 or 10 wt.% clay. The aspects that were addressed included the effect of vermiculite organomodification, the effect of the shape of the clays, the aspect ratio of the particles, and the degree of dispersion that was achieved on properties of the generated polyamide-11/bio-nanocomposites. The emphasis was given to the mechanical and flame retardant properties. Polyamide-11/clay bio-nanocomposites were successfully prepared. Tensile properties results showed improvements in tensile strength and Young?s modulus increased with the presence of the nano-fillers. Young?s modulus of the bio-nanocomposites was almost the double of that of the neat polymer. Thermo-mechanical results also showed improvements in storage modulus with the addition of all particles, especially in the temperature range corresponding to the rubbery plateau (above the glass transition temperature). Cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate and smoke production rate values of the polyamide-11/clays significantly decreased compared with those of neat polymer. This indicates that the addition of clays not only decreased the flammability of polyamide but also effectively reduced smoke production. The key findings of the thesis are: ? The ?surfactant-free organo-modification approach? offers an alternative to conventional clay modification routes based on cationic surfactants. It provides additives suitable for the improvement of the properties of amorphous polyamide matrices. ? The solution casting route allows the preparation of amorphous polyamide/clay nanocomposites with a very high clay content, i.e. approaching 30 wt.%. ? There are at least three stiffening mechanisms operating in amorphous polyamide/clay bio-nanocomposites. The reinforcing effect of the high stiffness inorganic flakes is the primary contributor. Together with the chain confinement effect, that expresses itself in an apparent increase in the glass transition temperature, this provided an adequate rationalisation of the stiffness variation below the glass transition temperature. However, an additional stiffening effect is indicated at temperatures above the glass transition temperature. The mechanism may involve dynamic network formation based on fluctuating hydrogen bonding interactions between the matrix polymer chains and the filler particles. ? From an engineering viewpoint, the good mechanical and fire retardant properties obtained with the vermiculite samples are very encouraging considering the inexpensive nature of this filler. ? The organo-modification of vermiculite and sepiolite is not necessary for the preparation of polyamide-11/clay bio-nanocomposites with excellent mechanical and thermal properties.

Download or read book Preparation and characterization of Polymer clay Nanocomposites written by Roberta Peila and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clay Polymer Nanocomposites written by Khouloud Jlassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more

Download or read book Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a two-volume book series that exhaustively reviews the key recent research into nanoclay reinforced polymer composites. This second volume focuses on nanoclay based nanocomposites and bionanocomposites fabrication, characterization and applications. This includes classification of nanoclay, chemical modification and processing techniques of nanocomposites. The book also provides comprehensive information about nanoclay modification and functionalization; modification of nanoclay systems, geological and mineralogical research on clays suitability; bio-nanocomposites based on nanoclays; modelling of mechanical behaviour of halloysite based composites; mechanical and thermal properties of halloysite nanocomposites; the effect of Nanoclays on gas barrier properties of polymers and modified nanocomposites. This book is a valuable reference guide for academics and industrial practitioners alike.

Download or read book Bioepoxy Clay Nanocomposites written by Haipan Salam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights current advanced developments in bioepoxy and bioepoxy/clay nanocomposites and an optimisation of material formulation and processing parameters on fabrication of bioepoxy/clay nanocomposites in order to achieve the highest mechanical properties in relation to their morphological structures, thermal properties, as well as biodegradability and water absorption, which is based on the use of Taguchi design of experiments with the consideration of technical and economical point of view. It also elaborates holistic theoretical modelling of tensile properties of such bionanocomposites with respect to the effect of contents of nanoclay fillers and epoxydised soybean oil (ESO).

Download or read book Polymer Clay Nanocomposites written by T. J. Pinnavaia and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2001-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer-clay nanocomposites are formed through the union of two very different materials with organic and mineral pedigrees. The hybrid compositions, however, exhibit large increases in tensile strength, modulus, and heat distortion temperature as compared with the pristine polymer. The composites also have lower water sensitivity, reduced permeability to gases, and a similar thermal coefficient of expansion. All of these property improvements can be realized without a loss of clarity in the polymer. Further, it has been found that nanocomposites impart a level of flame retardance and UV resistance not present in the pure polymer. These improvements in performance properties at relatively low clay loading (typically 2 -10wt %) have stimulated intensive research in both industry and academia over the past decade. Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites presents the first comprehensive overview of the state of the art of these materials since they were first reported a decade ago. Covering both the theory and practical applications, this volume in the 'Wiley Series in Polymer Science' covers the key aspects of these important materials including: * Polymer-clay intercalates * The preparation and general properties of special practical and commercial significance (including strength, stiffness, toughness, permeability, fire retardation and chemical stability) * The elucidation of the structural and rheological factors influencing performance and processing properties Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites is an indispensable text for polymer scientists, composites formulators, materials engineers, resin producers, filters and additive producers as well as university lecturers, and organic and inorganic chemists working in this important and fascinating area.

Download or read book Characterization Techniques in Bionanocomposites written by Shakeel Ahmed and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-02 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization Techniques for Bionanocomposites: Advances, Challenges, and Applications provides a detailed review of current techniques used for the characterization of bionanocomposites. The chapters cover physical, chemical, thermal, and electrical characterization techniques as well as spectroscopic and microscopic methods. There is also an entire section dedicated to biodegradability and biological characterization. With its numerous case studies and practical examples, researchers will find this book a valuable information resource that enables them to identify which specialized characterization tools can be applied to different materials for a broad range of biological, environmental, and industrial applications. Provides detailed coverage of important techniques and analytical tools used for the characterization of bionanocomposites Contains case study examples and discusses standards for applied characterization Takes an application-orientated approach

Download or read book Clay containing Polymeric Nanocomposites written by L. A. Utracki and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a very comprehensive book and represents the forefront of the technology of Clay-Containing Polymeric Nanocomposites.

Download or read book Biopolymer Nanocomposites written by Alain Dufresne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets forth the techniques needed to create a vast array of useful biopolymer nanocomposites Interest in biopolymer nanocomposites is soaring. Not only are they green and sustainable materials, they can also be used to develop a broad range of useful products with special properties, from therapeutics to coatings to packaging materials. With contributions from an international team of leading nanoscientists and materials researchers, this book draws together and reviews the most recent developments and techniques in biopolymer nano-composites. It describes the preparation, processing, properties, and applications of bio- polymer nanocomposites developed from chitin, starch, and cellulose, three renewable resources. Biopolymer Nanocomposites features a logical organization and approach that make it easy for readers to take full advantage of the latest science and technology in designing these materials and developing new products and applications. It begins with a chapter reviewing our current understanding of bionanocomposites. Next, the book covers such topics as: Morphological and thermal investigations of chitin-based nanocomposites Applications of starch nanoparticle and starch-based bionanocomposites Spectroscopic characterization of renewable nanoparticles and their composites Nanocellulosic products and their applications Protein-based nanocomposites for food packaging Throughout the book, detailed case studies of industrial applications underscore the unique challenges and opportunities in developing and working with biopolymer nanocomposites. There are also plenty of figures to help readers fully grasp key concepts and techniques. Exploring the full range of applications, Biopolymer Nanocomposites is recommended for researchers in a broad range of industries and disciplines, including biomedical engineering, materials science, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, and polymer science. All readers will learn how to create green, sustainable products and applications using these tremendously versatile materials.

Download or read book Melt Preparation and Characterization of EVA clay Nanocomposites written by Annet Chacko and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigates the processing, mechanical and thermal properties of EVA/clay nonocomposite.

Download or read book Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-12 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the most essential advances in nanoclay-based nanocomposites, especially natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Readers will find extensive information on nanoclay from preparation to applications, and the characterization techniques needed in order to evaluate the resulting properties of nanoclay-based natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Topics covered include the characterization of nano-sized clay, chemical modification, and processing techniques for nanocomposites from nanoclay. The book offers a valuable reference guide for academics and industrial practitioners alike.

Download or read book Polymer Based Bio nanocomposites written by Chandrasekar Muthukumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive overview of bionanocomposites, a class of materials that consist of a biopolymer matrix which is embedded with nanoparticles and natural fibres as reinforcement to produce novel material and achieve superior physico-chemical and mechanical properties. The book looks into the synthesis of various forms of nanoparticles, the fabrication methods, and the characterization of bionanocomposites. It also includes topics related to the sustainability and life prediction of bionanocomposites such as biodegradability, recycling, and re-use. An important aspect in the designing of bionanocomposites includes computational modeling, and the suitability of the bionanocomposites in various applications is presented. This book appeals to students, researchers, and scientists looking to gain fundamental knowledge, know about recent advancements in the research on bionanocomposites and their applications.

Download or read book Polymer Clay Nano composites written by Stefano Leporatti and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue focuses on the current state-of-the-art of “Polymer Clay Nano-Composites” for biomedical, anticorrosion, antibacterial, and other applications. Clay–polymer composite nanomaterials represent an emerging area of research. Loading polymers with clay particles essentially enhances the composite strength features. Of particular interest are different nano-assembly methods, such as silane mono and multilayers, polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer assembly, and others. An important development was reached for tubular and fibrous clay nanoparticles, such as halloysite, sepiolite, and imogolite. Polymer clay nanoparticles can be prepared as sheets with 1-nm thickness and width of a few hundred nm (e.g., kaolin and montmorillonite). Fibrous clays significantly reinforce the nano-composites in the assembly with biopolymers and other green polymers, leading to functional hybrid bio nano-composites. The scope of this Special Issue comprehensively includes the synthesis and characterization of polymer clay nano-composites used for several applications, including nano-clay polymer composites and hybrid nano-assemblies.

Download or read book Introduction to Polymer Clay Nanocomposites written by Ahmet Gurses and published by Pan Stanford. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on polymer–clay nanocomposite materials. It introduces readers to polymers, clays, and organo-clay and discusses the nature of interparticle interactions and physical adsorption, which are predominant in the synthesis of organo-clay; conversion of clay to organo-clay; interactions between functional groups in the interlayer region of clay and modifier ions; synthesis of organo-clays and their uses; and the commercial utilization of organo-clays. The text then covers the preparation of polymer–clay nanocomposites and their characterization, properties, performance, and applications. The primary goal of this book is to aid readers who wish to engage in the research and development of polymer–clay nanocomposites and to offer them an overview of the commonly used polymer–clay nanocomposites and their origins, manufacture, properties, and potential applications. This book will serve as a general introduction to researchers just entering the field and as a useful reference for scholars from other subfields.

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Properties of Clay reinforced Thermoset Nanocomposites written by Peter C. LeBaron and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Novel Approaches for Nanocomposites Preparation and Characterization written by Xiao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, clay filled polymer nanocomposites are manufactured for a variety of advanced applications due to the abundant resource in nature, platelet structure bearing high aspect ratio, high efficiency, and promising ion-exchange capacity of clay minerals, especially Montmorillonite. To achieve a moderate level of clay dispersion, one of the most ubiquitous approaches is to modify the surface of the layered silicates by exchanging inter-gallery metal cat ions with quaternary ammonium salts. The resultant product is commonly referred to as organoclay. However, the existence of small organic molecules, such as alkyl-ammonium salt in the polymer, leads to vitiation of thermal properties and unnecessary hydrophobicity, in addition to involving tedious ion-exchange and drying process during the preparation of surfactant modified clay. To resolve these issues, in this work, we have developed an ultra-sonication assisted film casting technique to achieve well-intercalated nanostructure of polymer/clay nanocomposites. According to the chemical structure of natural Montmorillonite, hydroxyl groups are present among the negatively charged silicate layers. These hydroxyl groups, if made accessible to the polymer chains area wise, can promote polymer-clay surface interactions for polymers with polar repeating units via hydrogen-bonding. Using ultra-sonication film casting technique, we have dispersed natural Montmorillonite in zinc-neutralized sulfonated EPDM ionomer (Zn-S-EPDM) and polycaprolactone. We also have proved that this technique is applicable to the traditional polymer/organoclay system through the preparation of polystyrene/Cloisite 10A nanocomposites. The morphology and properties of these composite systems are characterized using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), tensile test, dynamic motion analysis (DMA), and strain-induced buckling instability for modulus measurements (SIBIMM). We have observed different phase behaviors at various filler volume fractions, which are consistent with the intercalation thermodynamic modeling. Because of the well-dispersed nanostructure, Halpin-Tsai model provides generally accurate prediction of the enhancement towards mechanical properties at lower levels of clay loading.

Download or read book Clay based Polymer Nanocomposites CPN written by Kathleen A. Carrado and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: