Download or read book Preparation and Metallic Reduction of Rare earth Halides and Oxides written by Thomas T. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preparation of Yttrium and Rare earth Metals by Metallothermic Reduction written by Frank Elmer Block and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation was made of various methods for the preparation of yttrium or rare-earth metals by metallothermic reduction. Particular emphasis was placed on the use of high-purity chloride salts as intermediates. Methods were stressed which appeared adaptable to production of high-purity, ductile metal on a plant scale. Reactions were chosen for study on the basis of thermodynamic considerations and also from a standpoint of chemical and physical properties of reactants and byproducts. Consideration was given to construction materials and their contribution of impurities to the metal products. Yttrium or rare-earth chlorides, fluorides, bromides or iodides were investigated as intermediates for metal production. Emphasis was placed on the development of methods for preparing these halides and for refining them to a high state of purity. Rare-earth chlorides were prepared either by slow dehydration of hydrated salts while in contact with ammonium chloride, or by a more rapid technique involving the direct chlorination of mixtures of rare-earth oxides and carbon. In either case, chloride salts were purified by vacuum distillation or by filtration of molten salts. Lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium were tested as reductants for anhydrous halides. These metals were compared as reductants on the basis of operating characteristics, purity of metal product, and yield of product. Yttrium and rare-earth metals prepared in this study were consolidated, usually by inert-atmosphere arc melting, and the consolidated metals were evaluated on the basis of chemical analyses and mechanical workability. Of the many systems studied, best results were obtained by the lithium reduction of rare-earth chlorides in Inconel or molybdenum apparatus. Metal made by this procedure was freed of byproduct lithium chloride by vacuum distillation, and the rare-earth metal, which appeared as a sponge, was consolidated by arc-melting. Yttrium was prepared by this technique on a scale of 15 pounds of metal per batch. Metal recoveries were greater than 95 percent and the major impurity, oxygen, was usually present in amounts less than 500 ppm. Samarium and europium cannot be prepared by reduction of their halide salts. These metals were produced by reduction of their oxides in a high vacuum employing lanthanum, cerium, or zirconium as reductants. Yields were usually over 90 percent during tests conducted at 900 to 1450°C.

Download or read book Preparation of Rare Earth Metals written by Frank Harold Spedding and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of over 400 grams of pure gadolinium metal by reduction of the anhydrous chloride by calcium in tantalum vessels is described; yields were over 97%. The use of the same techniques in an attempt to prepare yttrium metal were partially successful.

Download or read book Preparation of Rare earth Chloride Solutions written by A. C. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report of Investigations written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book List of Bureau of Mines Publications and Articles with Subject and Author Index written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book List of Publications written by United States. Bureau of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Influencing the Incendivity of Permissible Explosives written by Robert W. Van Dolah and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Rare Earth Metals and Alloys Properties Extraction Preparation and Applications written by NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc.. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare earths are essential constituents of more than 100 mineral species and present in many more through substitution. They have a marked geochemical affinity for calcium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, fluoride, phosphate and carbonate ions. Industrially important minerals, which are utilized at present for rare earths production, are essentially three, namely monazite, bastnasite and xenotime. In modern time techniques for exploration of rare earths and yttrium minerals include geologic identification of environments of deposition and surface as well as airborne reconnaissance with magnetometric and radiometric equipment. There are numerous applications of rare earths such as in glass making industry, cracking catalysts, electronic and optoelectronic devices, medical technology, nuclear technology, agriculture, plastic industry etc. Lot of metals and alloys called rare earth are lying in the earth which required to be processed. Some of the important elements extracted from rare earths are uranium, lithium, beryllium, selenium, platinum metals, tantalum, silicon, molybdenum, manganese, chromium, cadmium, titanium, tungsten, zirconium etc. There are different methods involved in production of metals and non metals from rare earths for example; separation, primary crushing, secondary crushing, wet grinding, dry grinding etc. The rare earths are silver, silverymwhite, or gray metals; they have a high luster, but tarnish readily in air, have high electrical conductivity. The rare earths share many common properties this makes them difficult to separate or even distinguish from each other. There are very small differences in solubility and complex formation between the rare earths. The rare earth metals naturally occur together in minerals. Rare earths are found with non metals, usually in the 3+ oxidation state. At present all the rare earth resources in India are in the form of placer monazite deposits, which also carry other industrially important minerals like ilmenite, rutile, zircon, sillimanite and garnet. Some of the fundamentals of the book are commercially important rare earth minerals, exploration for rare earth resources, rare earth resources of the world, some rare earth minerals and their approximate compositions, rare earths in cracking catalysts, rare earth based phosphors, interdependence of applications and production of rare earths, uranium alloys, conversion of ores to lithium chemicals, characterization and analysis of very pure silicon, derivation of molybdenum metal, electoplating and chromizing, electrolytic production of titanium, heat treatment of titanium alloys, tensile properties of alloys etc. The book covers occurrence of rare earth, resources of the world, production of lithium metals, compounds derived from the metals, chemical properties of beryllium, uses of selenium, derivation of molybdenum metals, ore concentration and treatment and many more. This is a unique book of its kind, which will be a great asset for scientists, researchers, technocrats and entrepreneurs. TAGS Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Beryllium, Best small and cottage scale industries, Boron, Business guidance for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Cadmium, Chromium, Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Extraction of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys Business, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys extraction?, How to start a successful Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, How to start rare earth alloys Processing Industry in India, How to start rare earth metals Processing Industry in India, Industrial Uses of Rare Earths metals and alloys, Lithium, Magnesium Alloys with Rare-Earth Metal, Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Metals and Alloys, Manganese, Molybdenum, Most Profitable Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Rare earth metals and alloys processing industry, Platinum Metals, Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, Project for startups, Properties of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare Earth Alloys, Rare Earth Elements - Metals, Minerals, Mining, Uses, Rare earth elements (REE): industrial technology, Rare Earth Elements Applications, Rare earth elements properties, Rare earth elements separation process, Rare Earth elements, Rare earth extraction process, Rare Earth Industry, Rare earth metals and alloy extraction process, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Profitable Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys extraction Business, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Industry in India, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare earth metals India, Rare Earth Metals Production and Alloys with Properties, Rare earth metals uses, Rare Earth Metals, Rare Earth Resources, Rare minerals list, Selenium, Setting up and opening your Rare earth metals and alloys Business, Silicon, Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Small scale Rare earth metals and alloys production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Start up India, Stand up India, Starting a Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Startup ideas, Startup Project, Startup Project for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Startup project plan, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, Uranium, Uses of rare earth metals and alloys in metallurgy, Where are rare earth metals found?, Zirconium

Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths written by Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Edition Now Covers Recycling, Environmental Issues, and Analytical DeterminationEmploying four decades of experience in the rare metal and rare earths industry, the authors of Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths, Second Edition present the entire subject of rare earth elements with depth and accuracy. This second edition updates the most impor

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook on Synthesis Strategies for Advanced Materials written by A. K. Tyagi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents state-of-the-art coverage of synthesis of advanced functional materials. Unconventional synthetic routes play an important role in the synthesis of advanced materials as many new materials are metastable and cannot be synthesized by conventional methods. This book presents various synthesis methods such as conventional solid-state method, combustion method, a range of soft chemical methods, template synthesis, molecular precursor method, microwave synthesis, sono-chemical method and high-pressure synthesis. It provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods and covers a variety of materials, including ceramics, films, glass, carbon-based, and metallic materials. Many techniques for processing and surface functionalization are also discussed. Several engineering aspects of materials synthesis are also included. The contents of this book are useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of materials and chemistry.

Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.

Download or read book Preparation of High purity Yttrium by Metallic Reduction of Yttrium Trichloride written by Frank E. Block and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mines Magazine written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes list of the Alumni.

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Preparation of Rare Earth Metals by Carbothermic Reduction in Tin written by Lee Samuel Lyons and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inorganic Reactions and Methods The Formation of Bonds to Group I II and IIIB Elements written by A. P. Hagen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-17 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inorganic Reactions and Methods systemizes the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consults that include three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube, and G. Wilkinson). Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, this series creates a framework that reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. In a clear, concise, and highly organized manner, it provides an in-depth treatment of bond formation reactions categorized by element type. The series covers all areas of inorganic chemistry including chemistry of the elements, coordination compounds, donor-acceptor adducts, organometallic, polymer and solid-state material, and compounds relevant to bioinorganic chemistry. A unique index system provides users with several fast options for accessing information on forming any bond type, compound, or reaction. Coverage of both classical chemistry and the frontiers of today's research make this series a valuable reference for years to come.