Download or read book Preparation and Certification of IRMM 075 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A set of 6 new synthetic mixtures with n(236U)/n(238U) isotope ratios varying from 10-4 to 10-9 has been prepared and certified. Natural uranium with low 236U isotope abundance and enriched 236U were both purified using well proven chemical methodology extensively tested in the preparation of other uranium synthetic mixtures such as IRMM-074. The purification involved separation on anion and cation columns followed by precipitation as peroxide. Manipulations were carried out in separate new glove-boxes to avoid cross contamination. The oxides were sintered into U3O8 in an oven installed in a glove-box with controlled humidity. Primary solutions of the same concentration were prepared by dissolving the oxides of 236U and natU. From the 236U solution four dilutions were made by weighing. Weighed amounts of the dilutions of 236U and weighed amounts of natU were mixed to form a set of n(236U)/n(238U) mixtures at a concentration of 1 mg U·g-1. The final solutions were dispensed into quartz ampoules which were subsequently flame sealed. Verification of the mixtures IRMM-075/1-6 was performed by TRITON TIMS measurements using Faraday collectors and secondary electron multipliers in combination with an RPQ energy filter for improved abundance sensitivity. The results agreed well with the certified values obtained from the mixing calculations. The uncertainties contributing to the final uncertainties of the isotopic ratios are the weighing errors, the measured impurities in each starting material, the stoichiometry of the oxides and the isotopic abundances of each. The method for the preparation and mixing is described and the certification and verification procedures are reported.
Download or read book Preparation and Certification of Highly Enriched Uranium Nitrate Solutions IRMM 3000 Series written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Directorate G "Nuclear Safety and Security", Unit G.2 "Standards for Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards" (SN3S) at the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Geel in Belgium (formerly known as the "Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements" (IRMM)), provides a wide range of nuclear Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) to the safeguards authorities and the nuclear industry. This is an obligation under the Euratom treaty, where the need for isotope standards is explicitly mentioned, acknowledging their importance for the measurements of nuclear materials. For accurate mass spectrometric measurements in nuclear material accountancy and nuclear safeguards, suitable CRMs are needed to validate measurement procedures and to calibrate instruments. In particular, for mass spectrometry, CRMs are needed which have been prepared and characterized using procedures which are independent on mass spectrometric techniques as much as possible. One possible way to achieve this, is to use highly isotopically enriched starting materials and mix them under gravimetrical control in the correct proportions to achieve given targets for the isotope ratios. This procedure has been applied for the preparation of uranium and plutonium isotope CRMs for many years by several institutions, like NIST, NBL and IRMM/JRC-Geel. In the 1980s, the IRMM-072 series [7] of isotope mixtures containing 233U, 235U and 238U in various proportions was prepared based on this approach/method. About 20 years later, the isotope mixing program was restarted, and several further isotope CRMs were prepared and certified: the IRMM-074 [4] and IRMM-075 series [5], and the IRMM-3636a double spike [6]. In 2009, the IRMM-3000 series was prepared. It consists of a set of five highly enriched uranium nitrate solution reference materials named IRMM-3020, IRMM-3035, IRMM-3050, IRMM-3075 and IRMM-3090 with 235U enrichments varying from 20 % to 90 %. The solutions were prepared by dissolving uranium oxide (U3O8) materials, which were prepared by gravimetrically mixing oxides that are highly enriched in 235U and 238U. However, the verification measurements by TIMS showed some significant differences from the calculations based on the gravimetrical preparation. It was suspected that incomplete impurity analyses of the 238U starting material could be the cause for most of the differences, but this could not be confirmed at that time. Recently, the certification project for the IRMM-3000 series was restarted, including new mass spectrometric analyses of the isotope ratios performed at several laboratories and new impurity analysis for the 238U starting material.
Download or read book Preparation and Certification of IRMM 1000a 20 Mg and IRMM 1000b 50 Mg written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the production and certification of IRMM-1000a and IRMM-1000b, uranium reference materials certified for the production date based on the 230Th/234U radiochronometer, which corresponds to the last chemical separation, i.e. the removal of any 230Th from the material to the maximum extent achievable. The starting material was low-enriched uranium with a relative mass fraction, m(235U)/m(U) of 3.6 %. The targeted completeness for the last chemical separation of the 230Th decay product from its parent nuclide 234U was achieved. The certified production date was assigned following ISO Guide 34:2009. The between unit-homogeneity and the stability of the certified value were assessed in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006. The uncertainty of the certified value was estimated in compliance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and includes uncertainties related to characterisation, possible inhomogeneity and instability. The material is mainly intended for calibration of methods, quality control, and assessment of method performance with isotope mass spectrometry and radiometry techniques. As any reference material, it can also be used for control charts or validation studies. The certified reference material is available in two sizes: 20 mg (IRMM-1000a) and 50 mg uranium (IRMM-1000b) as dried uranyl nitrate in screw-cap TeflonÒ (PFA) vials.
Download or read book Issues in Nuclear High Energy Plasma Particle and Condensed Matter Physics 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 2502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Treatise on Geochemistry written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-10-19 with total page 14787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated new edition of the widely acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry has increased its coverage beyond the wide range of geochemical subject areas in the first edition, with five new volumes which include: the history of the atmosphere, geochemistry of mineral deposits, archaeology and anthropology, organic geochemistry and analytical geochemistry. In addition, the original Volume 1 on "Meteorites, Comets, and Planets" was expanded into two separate volumes dealing with meteorites and planets, respectively. These additions increased the number of volumes in the Treatise from 9 to 15 with the index/appendices volume remaining as the last volume (Volume 16). Each of the original volumes was scrutinized by the appropriate volume editors, with respect to necessary revisions as well as additions and deletions. As a result, 27% were republished without major changes, 66% were revised and 126 new chapters were added. In a many-faceted field such as Geochemistry, explaining and understanding how one sub-field relates to another is key. Instructors will find the complete overviews with extensive cross-referencing useful additions to their course packs and students will benefit from the contextual organization of the subject matter Six new volumes added and 66% updated from 1st edition. The Editors of this work have taken every measure to include the many suggestions received from readers and ensure comprehensiveness of coverage and added value in this 2nd edition The esteemed Board of Volume Editors and Editors-in-Chief worked cohesively to ensure a uniform and consistent approach to the content, which is an amazing accomplishment for a 15-volume work (16 volumes including index volume)!
Download or read book Interlaboratory Studies and Certified Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis written by E.A. Maier and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-12-17 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The participation in interlaboratory studies and the use of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) are widely recognised tools for the verification of the accuracy of analytical measurements and they form an integral part of quality control systems used by many laboratories, e.g. in accreditation schemes. As a response to the need to improve the quality of environmental analysis, the European Commission has been active in the past fifteen years, through BCR activity (now renamed Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme) in the organisation of series of interlaboratory studies involving expert laboratories in various analytical fields (inorganic, trace organic and speciation analysis applied to a wide variety of environmental matrices). The BCR and its successor have the task of helping European laboratories to improve the quality of measurements in analytical sectors which are vital for the European Union (biomedical, agriculture, food, environment and industry); these are most often carried out in support of EC regulations, industrial needs, trade, monitoring activities (including environment, agriculture, health and safety) and, more generally, when technical difficulties hamper a good comparability of data among EC laboratories. The collaborative projects carried out so far have placed the BCR in the position of second world CRM producer (after NIST in the USA).Interlaboratory Studies and Certification of Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis gives an account of the importance of reference materials for the quality control of environmental analysis and describes in detail the procedures followed by BCR to prepare environmental reference materials, including aspects related to sampling, stabilization, homogenisation, homogeneity and stability testing, establishment of reference (or certified) values, and use of reference materials. Examples of environmental CRMs produced by BCR within the last 15 years are given, which represent more than 70 CRMs covering different types of materials (plants, biological materials, waters, sediments, soils and sludges, coals, ash and dust materials) certified for a range of chemical parameters (major and trace elements, chemical species, PAHs, PCBs, pesticides and dioxins).The final section of the book describes how to organise improvement schemes for the evaluation method and/or laboratory performance. Examples of interlaboratory studies (learning scheme, proficiency testing and intercomparison in support to prenormative research) are also given.
Download or read book Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis written by Yash Kalra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-12-29 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis is an outstanding resource of plant analysis procedures, outlined in easy-to-follow steps and laboratory-ready for implementation. Plant laboratory preparation methods such as dry ashing and acid and microwave digestion are discussed in detail. Extraction techniques for analysis of readily soluble elements (petiole analysis) and quick test kits for field testing are also presented. This handbook consolidates proven, time tested methods in one convenient source. Plant scientists in production agriculture, forestry, horticulture, environmental sciences, and other related disciplines will find the Handbook a standard laboratory reference. The Handbook was written for the Soil and Plant Analysis Council, Inc., of which the editor is a board member. The council aims to promote uniform soil test and plant analysis methods, use, interpretation, and terminology; and to stimulate research on the calibration and use of soil testing and plant analysis. This reference will help readers reach these important goals in their own research.
Download or read book Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods written by Farid Ahmed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-04-07 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examine several methods of testing for genetically modified organisms and the reasons behind their strict regulation! Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods is the first study of the screening methods and tools utilized for determining the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. Leading experts in science, medicine, and government agencies examine the significant research and clinical developments in bio-engineered agriculture to bring you an accurate risk assessment of GMOs in relation to human consumption, economics, and the environment. This book focuses on three high-profile biotechnological commercial aspects of GMO inclusion in the world market: insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and virus resistance. It also identifies new GM food crops that are in the laboratory and may soon be on your table. Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods looks at GMOs from the perspectives of both sides of the globe—the European Union and the United States Department of Agriculture—who each have their own set of rules and opinions regarding safety issues and marketing of bioengineered food products. This book looks at the government standards of scientific testing for GMOs, and several chapters specifically analyze current screening methods. This book also explores the impact of GMOs on farming, agricultural economy, pesticide control, and world famine. Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods brings you current information on: the risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology—to people and the environment the regulations and protocols of testing for GMOs that have been adopted by European and United States agencies scientific techniques that test for GMOs, including certified reference materials (CRMs) and matrix-based, protein-based, and DNA-based methods of testing the limitations of today’s GMO screening methods and the benefits of alternatives that may be used in the future the long-term risks associated with gene flow of GMOs to other plants, specifically focusing on liabilities, regulatory climates, and intellectual property rights Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods is generously enhanced with figures, tables, and graphs as well as references at the end of every chapter. The commercialization of agricultural biotechnology makes this text essential for scientists, planners, and students of food, agriculture and environmental science. Government officials and activists will find this book invaluable in debating current issues of agricultural biotechnology and food safety.
Download or read book Compilation of Minimum and Maximum Isotope Ratios of Selected Elements in Naturally Occurring Terrestrial Materials and Reagents written by Tyler B. Coplen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic weight uncertainties.
Download or read book Isotopic Analysis written by Frank Vanhaecke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique. From the contents: * The Isotopic Composition of the Elements * Single-Collector ICP-MS * Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis * Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications * Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS * Geochronological Dating * Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry * Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies * Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface * Archaeometric Applications * Forensics Applications * Nuclear Applications * The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans * Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental Speciation A must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology written by Luis M. Botana and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book about Non-bacterial toxins will cover those toxins that affect food safety and are produced by fungi (mycotoxins), cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and marine microalgae (phycotoxins). These three group of toxins affect food safety and drinking water quality at a global scale, and they pose three main challenges for scientists: 1) Climate change is causing a slow but steady change on the chemical profile of each of these groups, causing intoxications in areas that are geographically new to the intoxications map. For this reason, emerging toxins are a new topic that requires an important reallocation of resources to understand the new toxins trends, their toxicology, their analytical control and how to deal with them from a regulatory standpoint. 2) Toxicological science needs to be updated to determine the impact of the toxins in all kind of vectors (more and more are being discovered) and how they disseminate on the food chain. Also, the mode of action of many of this toxins is not understood or even known, and this affects also to the impact of the coexistence of several toxins in the same matrix. 3) Detection and regulation, as this requires the use of advance technology (mass spectrometry, biosensors, multitask screening etc) that is in many cases underdevelopped or not available, especially for many of the new toxins. Climate change, toxicology and detection affect so many areas of science that this book will try to keep the readers updated about the current state of the art.
Download or read book The Use of Matrix Reference Materials in Environmental Analytical Processes written by M. Parkany and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 14 papers continue a campaign to standardize terminology, symbols, and test methods among chemical laboratories in different countries and different industries. They focus on how to apply matrix reference materials in environmental analysis, presenting worked examples of selected materials. Among them are method validation, quality assurance, quality control, and quantifying uncertainty. They include reference materials certified for trace elements, radionuclides, and organic microconstituents. Distributed in the US by Springer-Verlag for about $20 more than the British price. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Safeguards Techniques and Equipment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Download or read book Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes written by Michael A. McKibben and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Nucleic Acids Detection in Food Safety written by Wentao Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the development and applications of functional nucleic acid-based detection methods in the context of food safety. Offering a comprehensive overview of nucleic acids detection method in food safety for professionals and members of the public interested in this area, the book is divided into two parts. Part I addresses the basic principle of nucleic acid detection, while Part II presents novel applications of detection methods in genetically modified organisms, the identification of dead-alive microorganisms, microbial diversity, heavy metal detection, gene toxicity and non-coding RNA identification. As such, it provides readers a wealth of knowledge on the use of nucleic acids as targets and media in food safety. It offers a valuable resource for clinicians and basic scientists in the areas of food science and microbiology, and for all those who are interested in the concrete applications of molecular biological techniques. p>
Download or read book The New Nuclear Forensics written by Vitaly Fedchenko and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.
Download or read book Reactor Dosimetry In The 21st Century Proceedings Of The 11th International Symposium On Reactor Dosimetry written by Jan Wagemans and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-06-20 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art in reactor dosimetry as applied to nuclear power plants and to high performance research reactors, accelerator-driven systems and spallation sources. The reader will also find the latest advances in computer code development for radiation transport and shielding. In addition, the book focuses on radiation measurement techniques.
