Download or read book Preliminary Technical and Economic Feasibility Study on the Integration of a Process Utilizing Low Energy Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Capture Enabled by a Combination of Enzymes and Ultrasonics with a Subcritical PC Power Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of the preliminary techno-economic assessment for integrating a process utilizing low-energy solvents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture enabled by a combination of enzymes and ultrasonics with a subcritical pulverized coal (PC) power plant are presented. Four cases utilizing the enzyme-activated solvent are compared using different methodologies of regeneration against the DOE/NETL reference MEA case. The results are shown comparing the energy demand for post-combustion CO2 capture and the net higher heating value (HHV) efficiency of the power plant integrated with the post-combustion capture (PCC) plant. A levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) assessment was performed showing the costs of the options presented in the study. The key factors contributing to the reduction of LCOE were identified as enzyme make-up rate and the capability of the ultrasonic regeneration process. The net efficiency of the integrated PC power plant with CO2 capture changes from 24.9% with the reference Case 10 plant to between 24.34% and 29.97% for the vacuum regeneration options considered, and to between 26.63% and 31.41% for the ultrasonic regeneration options. The evaluation also shows the effect of the critical parameters on the LCOE, with the main variable being the initial estimation of enzyme dosing rate. The LCOE ($/MWh) values range from 112.92 to 125.23 for the vacuum regeneration options and from 108.9 to 117.50 for the ultrasonic regeneration cases considered in comparison to 119.6 for the reference Case 10. A sensitivity analysis of the effect of critical parameters on the LCOE was also performed. The results from the preliminary techno-economic assessment show that the proposed technology can be investigated further with a view to being a viable alternative to conventional CO2 scrubbing technologies.

Download or read book Low Energy Solvents for Carbon Dioxide Capture Enabled by a Combination of Enzymes and Vacuum Regeneration written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated bench-scale system combining the attributes of the bio-renewable enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) with low-enthalpy CO2 absorption solvents and vacuum regeneration was designed, built and operated for 500 hours using simulated flue gas. The objective was to develop a CO2 capture process with improved efficiency and sustainability when compared to NETL Case 10 monoethanolamine (MEA) scrubbing technology. The use of CA accelerates inter-conversion between dissolved CO2 and bicarbonate ion to enhance CO2 absorption, and the use of low enthalpy CO2 absorption solvents makes it possible to regenerate the solvent at lower temperatures relative to the reference MEA-based solvent. The vacuum regeneration-based integrated bench-scale system operated successfully for an accumulated 500 hours using aqueous 23.5 wt% K2CO3-based solvent containing 2.5 g/L enzyme to deliver an average 84% CO2 capture when operated with a 20% enzyme replenishment rate per ~7 hour steady-state run period. The total inlet gas flow was 30 standard liters per minute with 15% CO2 and 85% N2. The absorber temperature was 40°C and the stripper operated under 35 kPa pressure with an approximate 77°C stripper bottom temperature. Tests with a 30°C absorber temperature delivered>90% capture. On- and off-line operational measurements provided a full process data set, with recirculating enzyme, that allowed for enzyme replenishment and absorption/desorption kinetic parameter calculations. Dissolved enzyme replenishment and conventional process controls were demonstrated as straightforward approaches to maintain system performance. Preliminary evaluation of a novel flow-through ultrasonically enhanced regeneration system was also conducted, yet resulted in CO2 release within the range of temperature-dependent release, and further work would be needed to validate the benefits of ultrasonic enhanced stripping. A full technology assessment was completed in which four techno-economic cases for enzyme-enhanced aqueous K2CO3 solvent with vacuum stripping were considered and a corresponding set of sensitivity studies were developed. The cases were evaluated using bench-scale and laboratory-based observations, AspenPlus® process simulation and modeling, AspenTech's CCE® Parametric Software, current vendor quotations, and project partners' know-how of unit operations. Overall, the DOE target of 90% CO2 capture could be met using the benign enzyme-enhanced aqueous K2CO3-based alternative to NETL Case 10. The model-predicted plant COE performance, scaled to 550 MWe net output, was 9% higher than NETL Case 10 for an enzyme-activated case with minimized technical risk and highest confidence in physical system performance utilizing commercially available equipment. A COE improvement of 2.8% versus NETL Case 10 was predicted when favorable features of improved enzyme longevity and additional power output from a very low pressure (VLP) turbine were combined, wherein corresponding high capital and operational costs limited the level of COE benefit. The environmental, health and safety (EH & S) profile of the system was found to be favorable and was compliant with the Federal EH & S legislation reviewed. Further work on a larger scale test unit is recommended to reduce the level of uncertainty inherent in extrapolating findings from a bench-scale unit to a full scale PCC plant, and to further investigate several identified opportunities for improvement. Production feasibility and suitability of carbonic anhydrases for scale-up testing was confirmed both through the current project and through parallel efforts.

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of a Novel Integrated Vacuum Carbonate Absorption Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project was aimed at obtaining process engineering and scale-up data at a laboratory scale to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of a patented post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process?the Integrated Vacuum Carbonate Absorption Process (IVCAP). Unique features of the IVCAP include its ability to be fully-integrated with the power plant?s steam cycle and potential for combined sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal and CO2 capture. Theoretical and experimental studies of this project were aimed at answering three major technical questions: 1) What additives can effectively reduce the water vapor saturation pressure and energy requirement for water vaporization in the vacuum stripper of the IVCAP? 2) What catalysts can promote CO2 absorption into the potassium carbonate (PC) solution to achieve an overall absorption rate comparable to monoethanolamine (MEA) and are the catalysts stable at the IVCAP conditions and in the flue gas environment? 3) Are any process modifications needed to combine SO2 and CO2 removal in the IVCAP? Lab-scale experiments and thermodynamic and process simulation studies performed to obtain detailed information pertinent to the above three technical questions produced the following results: 1) Two additives were identified that lower the saturation pressure of water vapor over the PC solution by about 20%. 2) The carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme was identified as the most effective catalyst for promoting CO2 absorption. The absorption rate into the CO2-lean PC solution promoted with 300 mg/L CA was several times slower than the corresponding 5 M MEA solution, but absorption into the CO2-rich PC solution was comparable to the CO2-rich MEA solution. The tested CA enzymes demonstrated excellent resistance to major flue gas impurities. A technical-grade CA enzyme was stable at 40°C (104°F) over a six-month test period, while its half-life was about two months at 50°C (122°F). Enzyme immobilization improved the CA enzyme?s thermal stability by up to three times compared to its free counterpart. 3) Two process modifications were proposed to improve the technical performance of the IVCAP for combined SO2 removal and CO2 capture. The results from a techno-economic study of a 528 MWe (gross) pulverized coal-fired, subcritical steam power plant revealed that the cost of CO2 avoidance with the IVCAP was about 30% lower than conventional MEA-based processes. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the IVCAP ranged from $40 to 46/MWh, an increase of 60 to 70% compared to a reference power plant without CO2 capture. The overall conclusion of this study is that the IVCAP is a technically feasible and economically more attractive process than available MEA-based processes. A scale-up study using the slipstream of an actual coal-derived flue gas and development of a more stable CA enzyme are recommended for future studies.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Capture by Chemical Absorption written by Anusha Kothandaraman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the light of increasing fears about climate change, greenhouse gas mitigation technologies have assumed growing importance. In the United States, energy related CO2 emissions accounted for 98% of the total emissions in 2007 with electricity generation accounting for 40% of the total'. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the options that can enable the utilization of fossil fuels with lower CO2 emissions. Of the different technologies for CO2 capture, capture of CO2 by chemical absorption is the technology that is closest to commercialization. While a number of different solvents for use in chemical absorption of CO2 have been proposed, a systematic comparison of performance of different solvents has not been performed and claims on the performance of different solvents vary widely. This thesis focuses on developing a consistent framework for an objective comparison of the performance of different solvents. This framework has been applied to evaluate the performance of three different solvents - monoethanolamine, potassium carbonate and chilled ammonia. In this thesis, comprehensive flow-sheet models have been built for each of the solvent systems, using ASPEN Plus as the modeling tool. In order to ensure an objective and consistent comparison of the performance of different solvent systems, the representation of physical properties, thermodynamics and kinetics had to be verified and corrected as required in ASPEN Plus. The ASPEN RateSep module was used to facilitate the computation of mass transfer characteristics of the system for sizing calculations. For each solvent system, many parametric simulations were performed to identify the effect on energy consumption in the system. The overall energy consumption in the CO2 capture and compression system was calculated and an evaluation of the required equipment size for critical equipment in the system was performed. The degradation characteristics and environmental impact of the solvents were also investigated. In addition, different flow-sheet configurations were explored to optimize the energy recuperation for each system. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was evaluated as the base case system in this thesis. Simulations showed the energy penalty for CO2 capture from flue gas from coal-fired power plants to be 0.01572 kWh/gmol CO2 . The energy penalty from CO2 regeneration accounted for 60% of the energy penalty while the compression work accounted for 30%. The process flexibility in the MEA system was limited by degradation reactions. It was found that different flow-sheet configurations for energy recuperation in the MEA system did not improve energy efficiency significantly. Chilled ammonia was explored as an alternative to MEA for use in new coal-fired power plants as well as for retrofitting existing power plants. The overall energy penalty for CO2 capture in chilled ammonia was found to be higher than in the MEA system, though energy requirements for CO2 regeneration were found to be lower. The energy penalty for 85% capture of CO2 in the chilled ammonia system was estimated to be 0.021 kWh/gmol CO2. As compared to the MEA system, the breakdown of the energy requirements was different with refrigeration in the absorber accounting for 44% of the energy penalty. This illustrates the need to perform a systemwide comparison of different solvents in order to evaluate the performance of various solvent systems. The use of potassium carbonate as a solvent for CO2 capture was evaluated for use in Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle (IRCC) system. With potassium carbonate, a high partial pressure of CO2 in the flue gas is required. Different schemes for energy recuperation in the system were investigated and the energy consumption was reduced by 22% over the base case. An optimized version of the potassium carbonate flowsheet was developed for an IRCC application with a reboiler duty of 1980 kJ/kg. In conclusion, a framework for the comparison of the performance of different solvents for CO2 capture has been developed and the performance of monoethanolamine, chilled ammonia and potassium carbonate has been compared. From the standpoint of energy consumption, for existing power plants the use of MEA is found to be the best choice while for future design of power plants, potassium carbonate appears to be an attractive alternative. An economic analysis based on the technical findings in this thesis will help in identifying the optimal choices for various large, stationary sources of CO2.

Download or read book Development of a Novel Gas Pressurized Stripping Process Based Technology for CO2 Capture from Post Combustion Flue Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel Gas Pressurized Stripping (GPS) post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) process has been developed by Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC, CONSOL Energy Inc., Nexant Inc., and Western Kentucky University in this bench-scale project. The GPS-based process presents a unique approach that uses a gas pressurized technology for CO2 stripping at an elevated pressure to overcome the energy use and other disadvantages associated with the benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA) process. The project was aimed at performing laboratory- and bench-scale experiments to prove its technical feasibility and generate process engineering and scale-up data, and conducting a techno-economic analysis (TEA) to demonstrate its energy use and cost competitiveness over the MEA process. To meet project goals and objectives, a combination of experimental work, process simulation, and technical and economic analysis studies were applied. The project conducted individual unit lab-scale tests for major process components, including a first absorption column, a GPS column, a second absorption column, and a flasher. Computer simulations were carried out to study the GPS column behavior under different operating conditions, to optimize the column design and operation, and to optimize the GPS process for an existing and a new power plant. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data under high loading and high temperature for the selected amines were also measured. The thermal and oxidative stability of the selected solvents were also tested experimentally and presented. A bench-scale column-based unit capable of achieving at least 90% CO2 capture from a nominal 500 SLPM coal-derived flue gas slipstream was designed and built. This integrated, continuous, skid-mounted GPS system was tested using real flue gas from a coal-fired boiler at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC). The technical challenges of the GPS technology in stability, corrosion, and foaming of selected solvents, and environmental, health and safety risks have been addressed through experimental tests, consultation with vendors and engineering analysis. Multiple rounds of TEA were performed to improve the GPS-based PCC process design and operation, and to compare the energy use and cost performance of a nominal 550-MWe supercritical pulverized coal (PC) plant among the DOE/NETL report Case 11 (the PC plant without CO2 capture), the DOE/NETL report Case 12 (the PC plant with benchmark MEA-based PCC), and the PC plant using GPS-based PCC. The results reveal that the net power produced in the PC plant with GPS-based PCC is 647 MWe, greater than that of the Case 12 (550 MWe). The 20-year LCOE for the PC plant with GPS-based PCC is 97.4 mills/kWh, or 152% of that of the Case 11, which is also 23% less than that of the Case 12. These results demonstrate that the GPS-based PCC process is energy-efficient and cost-effective compared with the benchmark MEA process.

Download or read book Bench Scale Process for Low Cost Carbon Dioxide CO2 Capture Using a Phase Changing Absorbent written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to design and build a bench-scale process for a novel phase-changing aminosilicone-based CO2-capture solvent. The project will establish scalability and technical and economic feasibility of using a phase-changing CO2-capture absorbent for post-combustion capture of CO2 from coal-fired power plants with 90% capture efficiency and 95% CO2 purity at a cost of $40/tonne of CO2 captured by 2025 and a cost of

Download or read book Better Enzymes for Carbon Capture written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IMPACCT Project: Codexis is developing new and efficient forms of enzymes known as carbonic anhydrases to absorb CO2 more rapidly and under challenging conditions found in the gas exhaust of coal-fired power plants. Carbonic anhydrases are common and are among the fastest enzymes, but they are not robust enough to withstand the harsh environment found in the power plant exhaust steams. In this project, Codexis will be using proprietary technology to improve the enzymes' ability to withstand high temperatures and large swings in chemical composition. The project aims to develop a carbon-capture process that uses less energy and less equipment than existing approaches. This would reduce the cost of retrofitting today's coal-fired power plants.

Download or read book Pilot Scale Silicone Process for Low Cost Carbon Dioxide Capture Preliminary Techno Economic Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents system and economic analysis for a carbon-capture unit which uses an aminosilicone-based solvent for CO2 capture in a pulverized coal (PC) boiler. The aminosilicone solvent is a 60/40 wt/wt mixture of 3-aminopropyl end-capped polydimethylsiloxane (GAP-1m) with tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) as a co-solvent. For comparison purposes, the report also shows results for a carbon-capture unit based on a conventional approach using mono-ethanol amine (MEA). The first year removal cost of CO2 for the aminosilicone-based carbon-capture process is $46.04/ton of CO2 as compared to $60.25/ton of CO2 when MEA is used. The aminosilicone-based process has

Download or read book Pre Combustion Carbon Capture by a Nanoporous Superhydrophobic Membrane Contactor Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes progress made during Phase I and Phase II of the project: "Pre-Combustion Carbon Capture by a Nanoporous, Superhydrophobic Membrane Contactor Process," under contract DE-FE-0000646. The objective of this project is to develop a practical and cost effective technology for CO2 separation and capture for pre-combustion coal-based gasification plants using a membrane contactor/solvent absorption process. The goals of this technology development project are to separate and capture at least 90% of the CO2 from Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants with less than 10% increase in the cost of energy services. Unlike conventional gas separation membranes, the membrane contactor is a novel gas separation process based on the gas/liquid membrane concept. The membrane contactor is an advanced mass transfer device that operates with liquid on one side of the membrane and gas on the other. The membrane contactor can operate with pressures that are almost the same on both sides of the membrane, whereas the gas separation membranes use the differential pressure across the membrane as driving force for separation. The driving force for separation for the membrane contactor process is the chemical potential difference of CO2 in the gas phase and in the absorption liquid. This process is thus easily tailored to suit the needs for pre-combustion separation and capture of CO2. Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and PoroGen Corporation (PGC) have developed a novel hollow fiber membrane technology that is based on chemically and thermally resistant commercial engineered polymer poly(ether ether ketone) or PEEK. The PEEK membrane material used in the membrane contactor during this technology development program is a high temperature engineered plastic that is virtually non-destructible under the operating conditions encountered in typical gas absorption applications. It can withstand contact with most of the common treating solvents. GTI and PGC have developed a nanoporous and superhydrophobic PEEK-based hollow fiber membrane contactor tailored for the membrane contactor/solvent absorption application for syngas cleanup. The membrane contactor modules were scaled up to 8-inch diameter commercial size modules. We have performing extensive laboratory and bench testing using pure gases, simulated water-gas-shifted (WGS) syngas stream, and a slipstream from a gasification derived syngas from GTI's Flex-Fuel Test Facility (FFTF) gasification plant under commercially relevant conditions. The team have also carried out an engineering and economic analysis of the membrane contactor process to evaluate the economics of this technology and its commercial potential. Our test results have shown that 90% CO2 capture can be achieved with several physical solvents such as water and chilled methanol. The rate of CO2 removal by the membrane contactor is in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 kg/m2/hr depending on the operating pressures and temperatures and depending on the solvents used. The final economic analysis has shown that the membrane contactor process will cause the cost of electricity to increase by 21% from the base plant without CO2 capture. The goal of 10% increase in levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from base DOE Case 1(base plant without capture) is not achieved by using the membrane contactor. However, the 21% increase in LCOE is a substantial improvement as compared with the 31.6% increase in LCOE as in DOE Case 2(state of art capture technology using 2-stages of Selexol{TM}).

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Capture from Flue Gas Using Dry Regenerable Sorbents written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regenerable sorbents based on sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) can be used to separate carbon dioxide (CO2) from coal-fired power plant flue gas. Upon thermal regeneration and condensation of water vapor, CO2 is released in a concentrated form that is suitable for reuse or sequestration. During the research project described in this report, the technical feasibility and economic viability of a thermal-swing CO2 separation process based on dry, regenerable, carbonate sorbents was confirmed. This process was designated as RTI's Dry Carbonate Process. RTI tested the Dry Carbonate Process through various research phases including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); bench-scale fixed-bed, bench-scale fluidized-bed, bench-scale co-current downflow reactor testing; pilot-scale entrained-bed testing; and bench-scale demonstration testing with actual coal-fired flue gas. All phases of testing showed the feasibility of the process to capture greater than 90% of the CO2 present in coal-fired flue gas. Attrition-resistant sorbents were developed, and these sorbents were found to retain their CO2 removal activity through multiple cycles of adsorption and regeneration. The sodium carbonate-based sorbents developed by RTI react with CO2 and water vapor at temperatures below 80 C to form sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and/or Wegscheider's salt. This reaction is reversed at temperatures greater than 120 C to release an equimolar mixture of CO2 and water vapor. After condensation of the water, a pure CO2 stream can be obtained. TGA testing showed that the Na2CO3 sorbents react irreversibly with sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) (at the operating conditions for this process). Trace levels of these contaminants are expected to be present in desulfurized flue gas. The sorbents did not collect detectable quantities of mercury (Hg). A process was designed for the Na2CO3-based sorbent that includes a co-current downflow reactor system for adsorption of CO2 and a steam-heated, hollow-screw conveyor system for regeneration of the sorbent and release of a concentrated CO2 gas stream. An economic analysis of this process (based on the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory's [DOE/NETL's] 'Carbon Capture and Sequestration Systems Analysis Guidelines') was carried out. RTI's economic analyses indicate that installation of the Dry Carbonate Process in a 500 MW{sub e} (nominal) power plant could achieve 90% CO2 removal with an incremental capital cost of about $69 million and an increase in the cost of electricity (COE) of about 1.95 cents per kWh. This represents an increase of roughly 35.4% in the estimated COE - which compares very favorable versus MEA's COE increase of 58%. Both the incremental capital cost and the incremental COE were projected to be less than the comparable costs for an equally efficient CO2 removal system based on monoethanolamine (MEA).

Download or read book Recent progress and new developments in post combustion carbon capture technology with reactive solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CO2 Capture and Regeneration at Low Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IMPACCT Project: RTI is developing a solvent and process that could significantly reduce the temperature associated with regenerating solvent and CO2 captured from the exhaust gas of coal-fired power plants. Traditional CO2 removal processes using water-based solvents require significant amount of steam from power plants in order to regenerate the solvent so it can be reused after each reaction. RTI's solvents can be better at absorbing CO2 than many water-based solvents, and are regenerated at lower temperatures using less steam. Thus, industrial heat that is normally too cool to re-use can be deployed for regeneration, rather than using high-value steam. This saves the power plant money, which results in increased cost savings for consumers.

Download or read book Membrane based Systems for Carbon Capture and Hydrogen Purification written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes the activities being conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory to develop carbon capture technologies for power systems. This work is aimed at continued development and demonstration of a membrane based pre- and post-combustion carbon capture technology and separation schemes. Our primary work entails the development and demonstration of an innovative membrane technology for pre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide that operates over a broad range of conditions relevant to the power industry while meeting the US DOE's Carbon Sequestration Program goals of 90% CO2 capture at less than a 10% increase in the cost of energy services. Separating and capturing carbon dioxide from mixed gas streams is a first and critical step in carbon sequestration. To be technically and economically viable, a successful separation method must be applicable to industrially relevant gas streams at realistic temperatures and pressures as well as be compatible with large gas volumes. Our project team is developing polymer membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) chemistries that can purify hydrogen and capture CO2 at industrially relevant temperatures. Our primary objectives are to develop and demonstrate polymer-based membrane chemistries, structures, deployment platforms, and sealing technologies that achieve the critical combination of high selectivity, high permeability, chemical stability, and mechanical stability all at elevated temperatures (> 150 C) and packaged in a scalable, economically viable, high area density system amenable to incorporation into an advanced Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle (IGCC) plant for pre-combustion CO2 capture. Stability requirements are focused on tolerance to the primary synthesis gas components and impurities at various locations in the IGCC process. Since the process stream compositions and conditions (temperature and pressure) vary throughout the IGCC process, the project is focused on the optimization of a technology that could be positioned upstream or downstream of one or more of the water-gas-shift reactors (WGSRs) or integrated with a WGSR.

Download or read book Pilot Scale Silicone Process for Low Cost Carbon Dioxide Capture written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents system and economicanalysis for a carbon-capture unit which uses an aminosilicone-based solvent for CO2 capture in a pulverized coal (PC) boiler. The aminosilicone solvent is a 60/40 wt/wt mixture of 3-aminopropyl end-capped polydimethylsiloxane (GAP-1m) with tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) as a co-solvent. Forcomparison purposes, the report also shows results for a carbon-capture unit based on a conventional approach using mono-ethanol amine (MEA). The first year removal cost of CO2 for the aminosilicone-based carbon-capture process is $46.04/ton of CO2 as compared to $60.25/ton of CO2 when MEA is used. The aminosilicone- based process has

Download or read book Advanced Low Energy Enzyme Catalyzed Solvent for CO sub 2 Capture written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proof-of-concept biocatalyst enhanced solvent process was developed and demonstrated in an integrated bench-scale system using coal post combustion flue gas. The biocatalyst was deployed as a coating on M500X structured packing. Rate enhancement was evaluated using a non-volatile and non- toxic 20 wt% potassium carbonate solution. Greater than 500-fold volumetric scale-up from laboratory to bench scale was demonstrated in this project. Key technical achievements included: 10-fold mass transfer enhancement demonstrated in laboratory testing relative to blank potassium carbonate at 45°C; ~ 7-fold enhancement over blank in bench-scale field testing at National Carbon Capture Center; aerosol emissions were below detection limits (

Download or read book Are Water Lean Solvents a Game Changer in Post Combustion Co2 Capture written by Niall Mac Dowell and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuel fired power generation will likely remain part of the energy mix in the mid-term and it is widely regarded that large scale Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS†) must be deployed in order to meet COP21's‡ targets. A vast research effort focused on increasing a solvent's equilibrium capacity to absorb CO2 or on reducing the inherent energy requirement of regenerating the solvent, and led to thousands of new materials being proposed in the last decades. Chemical solvent based post-combustion capture is the most mature technology, which could be deployed near-term and at large scale. Amine scrubbing is the predominant technology and usually utilises aqueous blends of primary, secondary, tertiary, sterically hindered or cyclic amines. Common examples are monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and piperazine. State-of-the-art proprietary amine solvents have shown workable capacities up to 5000 tonnes CO2 per day at commercial-scale plants at Boundary Dam and Petra Nova. Water-lean systems include e.g., conventional ionic liquids (ILs), amines in ILs, phase changing solvents, and CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2BOLs), which replace water with alcohol and nucleophilic amines with a non-nucleophilic base. It is common heuristic that increased viscosity is a significant disadvantage, and water-lean solvents are significantly more viscous compared to conventional alkanolamine solvents. Typical viscosities range from 10mPa∙s up to 3500mPa∙s at their respective operating window. Those values significantly exceed the order of 30wt-% aqueous MEA (2.5mPa∙s). Recent results indicate reductions in CO2BOL's intrinsic viscosity to smaller than 250mPa∙s [5,6]. Water-lean solvents show superior mass transfer and kinetics compared to amines, which opens highly non-linear multi-dimensional trade-offs between thermodynamic- and transport-properties (e.g., enhanced kinetics and increased viscosity). Previous results indicate that viscosity dominates the installed costs and even limits the usability of conventional ILs as post-combustion capture solvents.In this study, we present a techno-economic assessment of typical water-lean solvents and evaluate a potential cost benefit over typical aqueous amine solutions for coal-fired power plant flue gas conditions, e.g., yCO2=12%. The aim is to identify if the enhanced kinetics outweigh the effect of the increased viscosity on a cost per ton basis. The economic calculation (CAPEX, OPEX) is physically based on properties such as e.g., column height, material or flowrates and is condensed into the total annualised costs (TAC, total cost of ownership) $/tonCO2. This study quantifies the trade-off between viscosity and kinetics, in order to benchmark an acceptable increase in viscosity with enhanced kinetics for water-lean solvents. A two-dimensional sensitivity analysis and the impact of a solvent's viscosity and kinetics (expressed as weight fraction of an active compound, which has the same type of kinetics as MEA) are shown in Figure 1§. The steep incline in TAC between 10mPa∙s and 20mPa∙s is mainly triggered by a transition from turbulent to laminar flow in the heat exchangers [2]. The TAC decreases with increasing weight fraction, which indicates that the enhanced kinetics (e.g., higher absolute rate of reaction) outweigh effects by increased viscosity, i.e., the viscosity does not limit the equipment through e.g., unrealistic absorber's height [3], because less solvent is needed to absorb the same amount of CO2.

Download or read book Attempting to Break the 2 GJ tonne CO2 Barrier Development of an Advanced Water Lean Capture Solvent From Molecules to Detailed Process Design written by Yuan Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvent-based post-combustion CO2 capture is an energy-intensive process primarily driven by the energy required to regenerate the CO2 capture solvent. Researchers are currently focused on developing drop-in solvent replacements for commercial amine solvents with lower regeneration energies. One approach to reducing the regeneration energy of a solvent is to reduce its water content, thereby reducing unnecessary condensing and consequent boiling in the process. There are a number of water-lean solvent formulations currently under development that allow for water contents below 10% by weight, versus more than 60% for commercial aqueous amines. One solvent class, CO2-Binding Organic Liquids (CO2BOLs), shows promise to reduce the parasitic load to a coal-fired power plant but has been impeded by high viscosities at high CO2 loadings. In this paper, we perform a preliminary modeling study of a new low-viscosity CO2BOL solvent and assess the energetics of different process stripper configurations. By tailoring the process configuration with the unique aspects of the solvent reboiler duties below 2 GJ/tonne CO2 could be achievable. Further, this study suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all process optimum configuration for solvents, and therefore optimal configurations will be solvent specific.