Download or read book Preliminary Results of Testing of Flow Effects on Evaporator Scaling written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation has focused on the effects of fluid flow on solids deposition from solutions that simulate the feed to the 2H evaporator at the Savannah River Site. Literature studies indicate that the fluid flow (or shear) affects particle-particle and particle-surface interactions and thus the phenomena of particle aggregation in solution and particle deposition (i.e., scale formation) onto solid surfaces. Experimental tests were conducted with two configurations: (1) using a rheometer to provide controlled shear conditions and (2) using controlled flow of reactive solution through samples of stainless steel tubing. All tests were conducted at 80 C and at high silicon and aluminum concentrations, 0.133 M each, in solutions containing 4 M sodium hydroxide and 1 A4 each of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. Two findings from these experiments are important for consideration in developing approaches for reducing or eliminating evaporator scaling problems: (1) The rheometer tests suggested that for the conditions studied, maximum solids deposition occurs at a moderate shear rate, approximately 12 s−1. That value is expected to be on the order of shear rates that will occur in various parts of the evaporator system; for instance, a 6 gal/min single-phase liquid flow through the 2-in. lift or gravity drain lines would result in a shear rate of approximately 16 s−1. These results imply that engineering approaches aimed at reducing deposits through increased mixing would need to generate shear near all surfaces significantly greater than 12 s−1. However, further testing is needed to set a target value for shear that is applicable to evaporator operation. This is because the measured trend is not statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval due to variability in the results. In addition, testing at higher temperatures and lower concentrations of aluminum and silicon would more accurately represent conditions in the evaporator. Without further testing, it does not appear advisable to depend on increased agitation as the primary means for reduction of scale in the 2H, evaporator. (2) The tubes used in the flow tests became clogged with solids when the solutions were below 80 C at the start of the test; a very striking difference from experiments with fully preheated solutions, which yielded only thin films of solids on the tubes. These results suggest that significant differences are found in the ''stickiness'' of solids formed at different temperatures. This may provide opportunities for engineering approaches to reduce solids deposition, such as feed dispersion or feed preheating. It is recommended that further studies be undertaken to determine what forms of sodium aluminosilicates adhere to stainless steel surfaces, under what conditions these materials are created, and what changes in evaporator operation could be made to minimize their formation.

Download or read book Research and Development Progress Report written by United States. Office of Saline Water and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Saline Water Conversion Report for written by United States. Office of Saline Water and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Saline Water Conversion Report for written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Saline Water Conversion Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Review of Saline Water Program 1971 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Interior and Insular Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Dictionary of Occupational Titles written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supplement to 3d ed. called Selected characteristics of occupations (physical demands, working conditions, training time) issued by Bureau of Employment Security.

Download or read book Dictionary of Occupational Titles written by United States Employment Service and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

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Download or read book Review of Saline Water Program 1971 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preprints written by Gordon L. Dugger and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: