Download or read book Preference Assessments with Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Amanda R. Yeager and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Three children with mental retardation and/or autism participated in a study evaluating the reinforcing effectiveness of moderate- and low-preference stimuli. Nine full array Multiple-Stimulus Without Replacement (MSWO) preference assessments were conducted assessing tangible and edible stimuli. The items categorized as moderate- and low-preference using the Ciccone, Graff, and Ahearn (2005) point weighting scoring method were reassessed. The items ranked high-, moderate-, and low-preference from the assessments were then evaluated during the reinforcer assessments. An alternating treatments design was implemented and data were compared to baseline using an A-B design. Two participants' responding increased as the low-, moderate-, and high-preference reinforcement contingencies were implemented. For one participant, the moderate- and high-preference stimuli produced responding at 100%. One participant had minimal responding relative to baseline across all three stimuli. This study extends previous research by demonstrating the MSWO is an effective and efficient technique to identify reinforcers.

Download or read book Assessment of Preference Stability Among Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Robin T. Lunsford and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although preference assessments have been useful tools for reinforcer identification for individuals with disabilities, the stability of responses over time has not been demonstrated adequately. This study assessed the efficacy of a repeated food preference assessment for individuals with severe to profound mental retardation. Seven participants with severe to profound mental retardation were administered food preference assessments 11 to 18 months prior to this study (Initial Preference Assessment, IP). For the current study, these same participants were administered a: (a) repetition of the initial assessment with no changes (Repeated Preference Assessment, RP), (b) varied assessment with the introduction of new items and the top 4 items from the RP (Varied Preference Assessment, VP), and (c) reinforcer assessment using preferred items and non-preferred items identified in the RP and VP phases (Reinforcer Assessment, RA). Results of the IP, RP, and VP suggest that administration of preference assessments at 11-18 months intervals with the addition of new items will add to an individual 's potential reinforcer menu. Results of the reinforcer assessment suggest that items most preferred for each individual function as reinforcers"--Document.

Download or read book Ledyard Stebbins 94 obituary written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of Preferences for Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Meghan Foster and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Choice Preference and Disability written by Roger J. Stancliffe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines choice and preference in the lives of people with disability, focusing on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It provides an overview of choice and examines foundational concepts related to choice and preference, including self-determination and supported decision making. Chapters examine a range of critical service and policy issues, such as guardianship, individualized funding, the health care system, and the situation regarding choices for people with disability in international contexts. In addition, chapters explore issues ranging from the development of preference and choice in childhood to choices in older age and end of life matters. It provides in-depth analysis of particular choices faced at different points across the lifespan. The book concludes with implications for policy and practice. Topics featured in this book include: Supported decision making for adults with intellectual disabilities or acquired brain injury. The role of parents and families in the development of choice-making skills. Preference assessments for individuals who cannot tell us what they prefer. Employment opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities. Sexual and reproductive rights for people with intellectual disabilities. Disability and the choice to become a parent. Choice, Preference, and Disability is an essential resource for researchers, professors, clinicians, therapists, and other professionals as well as graduate students in the fields of developmental and positive psychology, rehabilitation, social work, special education, occupational, speech and language therapy, public health, and healthcare policy.

Download or read book The Effects of Skill Training on Preference for Individuals with Severe to Profound Multiple Disabilities written by Anuradha Salil Kumar Dutt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral researchers have investigated procedures for identifying preferred items for individuals with varying levels of developmental disabilities. Some researchers in this area have reported difficulties in identifying preferred items for individuals with severe to profound multiple disabilities (spmd), in part because the individuals may not possess the motor skills needed to select and manipulate the items included within the assessment. The purpose of the current study was to address three research questions: Would differences in preference patterns be observed if individuals with spmd could activate toys with a motor response that is within their repertoire (I.E., press a large microswitch to activate the toy) versus when they are required to perform a motor response that may not be within their repertoire (E.G., sliding knobs, twisting dials to activate a toy)? Would teaching specific skills to activate a toy result in increased toy engagement and a shift in preference toward directly operating the toy? Would teaching the participant a motor response to activate the toy directly affect the levels of microswitch engagement observed? Data were collected within a combination multiple baseline (across 2 participants) and multielement (across conditions) design. The results of this study showed that (a) differences in preference were observed when different measures of assessing preferences were conducted, (b) acquisition of specific motor skills resulted in an increase in preference toward directly manipulating items, and (c) acquisition of motor skills also resulted in a decrease in activating items via microswitches. These results extend the preference assessment literature by showing that the motor skills present within an individual's current repertoire may affect the results of preference assessments for individuals with spmd. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest llc. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.].

Download or read book Effects of Teaching Generalized Identity Matching on Picture Preference Assessment for Persons with Developmental Disabilities written by Chelsey Alycia Michalyshyn and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research suggests that individuals with severe developmental disabilities are able to indicate preferences during direct preference assessments with objects. However, they may not have the discrimination skills to respond effectively to pictures. Recent research has begun to focus on identifying and teaching individuals the skills needed to indicate their preferences using pictures, due to the practical advantages of presenting choices with pictures versus objects. Further, it has been suggested that generalized identity matching may be associated with successful performance during picture preference assessments. The present study evaluated whether teaching generalized identity matching with pictures would lead to improved performance on picture preference assessments. Two adults, one male and one female, diagnosed with moderate to severe mental retardation, with limited to no speech, and varying degrees of physical impairments participated in the study. Before training, participants were able to indicate their preferences using objects but not with pictures and they were unable to perform generalized identity matching. Participants were trained on an object-picture matching-to-sample relation in a multiple baseline across tasks design. Individual data showed that neither Participant 1 nor Participant 2 met the pass criterion (80% or higher correct responses) on at least one generalized identity matching task after one training task was taught. Further, both participants showed improved concordance between preference assessments using objects and pictures of the same objects after mastering one training task respectively. These findings were independent of the accuracy of responding during the generalized identity matching post-assessment for each participant. These results suggest that the ability to respond accurately on generalized picture-picture identity matching tasks may not be related to performance on picture preference assessments (i.e., for individuals to indicate their preferences with pictures).

Download or read book Assessment of Individuals with Severe Disabilities written by Diane M. Browder and published by Brookes Publishing Company. This book was released on 1991 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Validation of Preference Assessment Involving Persons with Varying Degrees of Multiple Disabilities Through Contingent and Non contingent Stimulus Use in Daily Activity Routines written by Vanetta R. LaRosa and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most challenging issues confronting individuals with severe/profound and multiple disabilities and their caretakers is the identification of stimulus preferences or reinforcing stimuli. Methodologies used to identify stimulus preferences typically rely on the individual emitting a selection response such as choosing stimuli from an array of options. For some individuals, however, this identification is difficult or impossible due to sensory disabilities and the lack of reliable voluntary responses. As an alternative, this study conducted a three phase investigation of preference identification and use within activities of daily living instruction. In Phase 1, experienced caregiver recommendations of stimulus preferences were obtained for each of three severely or profoundly disabled children or young adults. In Phase 2, the validity of the presumed preferences was evaluated by conducting structured observations of participants' mood in the presence of different stimuli, including caregiver recommended and randomly selected stimuli. In Phase 3, an alternating treatments multiple-baseline single subject design was used to evaluate antecedent (noncontingent), consequent (contingent), and combined antecedent-consequent access to the most preferred stimuli as part of the students' Adaptive Daily Living (ADL) training. Dependent measures collected during these observations included mood, cooperativeness, and success at achieving ADL target behaviors. Results of the study generally supported the expectations that (a) caregivers' recommendations, obtained through a structured interview (the RAISD), were accurate predictors of stimuli that raised participants' mood; (b) access to the stimuli during ADL training improved mood, cooperativeness, and success compared to these measures at Baseline; (c) antecedent presentation of the stimuli was as effective as consequent presentation, and (d) the combination of both was best overall. Identifying and presenting potent positive reinforcers by means of the techniques described here should serve the dual purpose of improving quality of life and improving progress in federally-mandated training programs.

Download or read book Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its third edition, this title teaches an often intimidating and difficult subject in a way that is informative, personable, and clear.

Download or read book Stimulus Preference Assessment with Immediate Versus Delayed Item Access written by Brennan Foidart and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For individuals with severe intellectual or developmental disabilities, communicating preferences can be a monumental task. In order to help identify what a person likes or prefers, a formal stimulus preference assessment can be conducted with the individual. Typically, when examining preference in people with developmental disabilities, the individual being tested is given access to their chosen item immediately after a response is made. However, there are many items and activities in everyday situations that cannot be accessed immediately. The present study evaluated whether immediate or delayed access to items during a paired-stimulus preference assessment impacted preference hierarchy concordance for three people with developmental disabilities. The preference hierarchies between immediate and delayed access conditions were positively correlated for all three participants, with Tau coefficients ranging from .35 to .91, although they were not statistically significant. The most preferred item identified in the delayed condition was also the most preferred item in the immediate access condition for two of the three participants.

Download or read book An Investigation of Stimulus Preference Assessment Procedures with Children with Severe Learning Disabilities written by Alan John Dowey and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of a Self instructional Manual for Conducting Paired stimulus Preference Assessment with Individuals with Developmental Disabilities written by Carly Chand and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ample research has shown that direct preference assessment is an effective method for identifying reinforcers for people with developmental disabilities with limited communication skills. Research has also shown that self-instructional manuals are an effective and efficient means for teaching individuals to implement a variety of procedures with individuals with developmental disabilities. I prepared a self-instructional manual to teach individuals to conduct a paired-stimulus (PS) direct preference assessment procedure. I used a concurrent modified multiple-baseline design across participants, combined with an unbalanced crossover design between groups, to evaluate the effectiveness of the manual to teach staff and university students to conduct the assessment. The manual was compared to a description of the assessment procedure adapted from the method sections of published research articles. Four university students and six staff members who work with individuals with developmental disabilities participated. None of the participants had previous experience conducting direct preference assessments. No participant met mastery criterion during simulated preference assessments before training. All participants met mastery criterion (80% correct or higher during a PS preference assessment) after studying the self-instructional manual. No participants met mastery after studying the method description adapted from published studies; participants subsequently met mastery criteria following study of the manual. Across all phases of the study, staff members performed with slightly higher accuracy than students. Training time required to master the self-instructional manual averaged 43 min. Participants' performance remained at high levels during follow-up and generalization sessions. Participants also rated the self-instructional manual more favourably than the method description on a social validity questionnaire. The self-instructional manual offers an efficient, low-cost alternative to face-to-face training for teaching individuals to conduct paired-stimulus preference assessments.

Download or read book Evaluation of the Rate of Challenging Behavior Maintained by Different Reinforcers Across Three Preference Assessments written by Soyeon Kang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preference is commonly incorporated into educational interventions for individuals with developmental disabilities. Preference assessments have a solid research base indicating that they are more reliable tools for finding preference than the subjective opinions of parents and teachers. As evidence-based practices have been emphasized, the preference assessment has been a regular component of interventions and instructional programs for the population. Along with the utility, research regarding the assessment and relevant variables has also increased. However, many questions still exist and wait for more inquiry. One of the practical issues is the occurrence of challenging behaviors of individuals with disabilities during preference assessments. Highly occurring challenging behavior during an assessment may interrupt the procedure and lead to inaccurate results about the individual's preference. That may ultimately affect the effectiveness of the intervention or instructional program. Using a procedure that does not evoke challenging behavior is necessary for accurate results as well as ethically responsible. Therefore this study examined the relation between functions of challenging behavior and three commonly used preference assessment procedures: Paired-Stimulus (PS), Multiple-Stimulus without Replacement (MSWO), and Free-Operant (FO). This study had two phases: Functional analyses and preference assessments. First, functional analyses were conducted to identify the function of challenging behaviors. The participants were nine children with developmental disabilities whose functional analysis results indicated their challenging behavior was maintained by access to tangible items (5), attention (2), and escape (2) reinforcers. After identifying the behaviors' functions, preference assessments were implemented to compare the rates of the challenging behaviors. Each preference assessment format was conducted 5 times, in a random order for each participant. The results of the study demonstrate that the occurrence of challenging behavior with different functions was different depending on procedure formats. This suggests that there would be a relation between functions of challenging behavior and preference assessment formats. In other words, depending on the function of challenging behavior, the assessment procedure may act as a trigger evoking the challenging behavior. This study discussed practical guidance to prevent challenging behavior during preference assessments.

Download or read book Promoting Desired Lifestyles Among Adults With Severe Autism and Intellectual Disabilities written by Dennis H. Reid and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promoting Desired Lifestyles Among Adults with Severe Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Person Centered Applications of Behavior Analysis describes how clinicians, psychologists, and mental health support staff can best fulfill these needs. Using a person-centered application of behavior analysis, the book provides procedures to facilitate clients overcoming challenging behavior, pursuing good relationships, and making good choices, while getting access to all support needed. It provides information on staff training and supervision to insure staff motivation and client happiness. Ultimately, the goal is to allow client choice and personal control over daily lifestyle. Provides procedures to improve client lifestyle Uses person-centered behavior analysis Focuses on client choice and personal control Identifies staff training for improved client-staff relationships

Download or read book Teaching Individuals to Conduct Paired stimulus Preference Assessments for Persons with Developmental Disabilities Using Computer aided Instruction written by Chelsey Michalyshyn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus preference assessments are evidence-based methods for identifying preferred items and potential reinforcers for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In Experiment 1, the effectiveness of a Paired-Stimulus Self-Instructional Manual, delivered online using the Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction (CAPSI), with added videos, was evaluated. In a concurrent multiple-probe design across four groups of undergraduate university students, no participant met the mastery criterion (80%) on written knowledge tests or during simulated assessments, during baseline or after reading a method description adapted from the published literature. However, 11 of the 12 participants met mastery following the online self-instructional training package. Participants improved from a mean performance accuracy of 45.3% in baseline to a mean of 92.4% at post-CAPSI on written knowledge tests, and from a mean performance accuracy of 26.5% in baseline to 85.4% during post-CAPSI simulated assessments. Generalization assessments conducted 7 to 14 days post-CAPSI, showed that all participants performed above the mastery criterion (M = 93.3%). In Experiment 2, the online training package was implemented and managed by an Autism Consultant in a clinical setting for children with autism spectrum disorder, to teach Autism Tutors to carry out the procedure. In a concurrent multiple-probe design across three Autism Tutors, all met and exceeded the mastery criterion (80%) at post-CAPSI on both written knowledge tests and simulated assessments. Mean performance on written knowledge tests improved from 55.7% in baseline to 94.3% at post-CAPSI, and mean performance on simulated assessments improved from 31.8% in baseline to 90% at post-CAPSI. Generalization assessments conducted 7 to 14 days post-CAPSI showed that all Autism Tutors performed above the mastery criterion (M = 88.7%). The online training package was rated highly on social validity assessments in both experiments.

Download or read book Teaching Students with Moderate and Severe Disabilities written by Diane M. Browder and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For years the text of choice for developing excellence as a teacher of K-12 students with moderate and severe disabilities, this clearly written work has now been revised and updated. Chapters provide step-by-step procedures for designing standards-based individualized education plans and evaluating and enhancing student progress. Methods and materials for teaching literacy, mathematics, science, and social studies are described in depth. The book also describes effective ways to build functional daily living skills. User-friendly features include extensive vignettes and classroom examples, end-of-chapter application exercises, and reproducible planning and assessment tools. Purchasers get access to a Web page where they can download and print the reproducible materials in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size. Subject Areas/Key words: special education, children, adolescents, special-needs learners, disabled, moderately, severely, developmental disorders, academic interventions, academic skills, life skills, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, physical disabilities, inclusion classrooms, systematic instruction, special educators, teachers, literacy, reading, mathematics, textbooks, texts Audience: Students in special education and school psychology; K-12 special educators, school psychologists, reading specialists, classroom teachers, and administrators"--