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Book Prediction of Pitting Corrosion Rates from a Theoretical Model in Flowline pipeline Systems Containing Carbon Dioxide

Download or read book Prediction of Pitting Corrosion Rates from a Theoretical Model in Flowline pipeline Systems Containing Carbon Dioxide written by Subha Samanu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Corrosion Prediction in Flowline gas Pipeline Systems Containing CO2

Download or read book Corrosion Prediction in Flowline gas Pipeline Systems Containing CO2 written by Vamsee Priya Tadepally and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Master s Theses Directories

Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

Book Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Technologies

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Technologies written by Shaukat Ali Mazari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Technologies focuses on the applications of nanomaterials for CO2 capture and conversion. The book highlights the need for CO2 mitigation, followed by the basic principles for CO2 capture and conversion, using different nanomaterials, while also discussing and highlighting challenges and perspectives. Abundant CO2 emissions from industries and the transportation sector are a threat to the planet due to overwhelming concerns regarding CO2-induced climate change. Nanomaterials are being widely investigated for CO2 capture and conversion processes. Nano absorbents, adsorbents and nanomembranes for CO2 capture, nano catalysts for catalytic CO2 conversion, and chemical fixation of CO2 are some of the broader applications of nanomaterials for CO2 mitigation. Helps readers understand the basic mechanisms and theories behind CO2 capture and conversion using nanomaterials Provides information on the range of nanomaterials types used in CO2 capture and storage systems Assesses the major challenges for integrating nanotechnology into carbon dioxide capture and storage systems at an industrial scale

Book Petroleum Abstracts Literature and Patents

Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts Literature and Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Corrosion Prediction in Oil Pipeline Systems Containing CO2

Download or read book Corrosion Prediction in Oil Pipeline Systems Containing CO2 written by Rupesh Sagar Muthyala and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An Assessment of the Susceptibility to Corrosion from Alternating Current of Cathodically Protected Steel Pipelines in Soils

Download or read book An Assessment of the Susceptibility to Corrosion from Alternating Current of Cathodically Protected Steel Pipelines in Soils written by Andrew Moran and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the phenomenon of AC corrosion is investigated through theoretical modeling and experimentation to gain a better understanding of its mechanisms as they relate to cathodically protected steel pipelines. First, a comprehensive synopsis of AC corrosion is given with historical background and the motivations for studying this phenomenon, these being, primarily, the utility of accurate AC corrosion rate predictions to pipeline integrity management. Then, a theoretical model based on Butler-Volmer kinetics and interfacial electrochemical processes is introduced as a mechanistic explanation of AC corrosion. The AC corrosion model can be used to identify the parameters implicated in producing high corrosion rates from alternating currents. The model serves as a guide to narrow the focus of study to certain measurable factors both in laboratory and field experiments. Special emphasis is given to the interfacial capacitance of steel as this parameter is predicted to have a considerable influence on the ratio of faradaic-to-capacitive current.Long-term mass loss tests were conducted as a first means of assessing the impact of AC corrosion. Literature is either sparse or contradictory about the influence of AC on corrosion rates with some researchers reporting negligible effects and others reporting corrosion rates far in excess of acceptable standards, even at low AC densities. In this work, tests in aqueous solution produced modest corrosion rates on cathodically protected samples, only exceeding 1 mpy at AC densities greater than 600 A/m2. At or below the commonly cited thresholds of AC density (30 A/m2 and 100 A/m2, the corrosion rate of cathodically protected steel is only slightly increased compared to a zero-AC condition. However, greatly increased corrosion rates are observed on non-cathodically protected steel, emphasizing the need for proper cathodic protection on pipelines.Field studies were also conducted as a way to validate the observed trends in laboratory experiments. Samples were bonded to test pipelines and subjected to AC and cathodic protection voltages. Corrosion rates tend to be modest for cathodically protected samples with some samples showing corrosion rates greater than expected for their CP level and others showing full protection from increased corrosion. Data suggest that AC-induced corrosion can present a moderate-risk problem on cathodically protected pipelines at AC densities greater than 100 A/m2.Then, study of the interrelated effects of AC and DC on pipeline steel is advanced using a combined modeling and experimentation analysis designed to demonstrate their relationship to each other. Results show that AC can greatly influence DC on a steel electrode, but the effect is dependent on the DC potential in relation to the OCP of the steel. Results can be predicted with modeling of electrochemical kinetics and are backed up by experiment. DC can also influence AC but the effect is not electrochemical but rather due to local chemistry changes in the immediate solution environment. The implications of these effects is discussed as it relates to pipelines and cathodic protection.Finally, the interaction between the interfacial capacitance of steel and its soil environment is explored. Experiments were conducted with a multitude of synthetic soils and with solutions of varying chemistries of which steel would be expected to encounter in pipeline applications. Measurements of interfacial capacitance were conducted on steel electrodes in these environments through the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit modeling. Evidence from these investigations indicates that interfacial capacitance on actively corroding steel derives, in large part, from the conductive magnetite corrosion product film. This porous magnetite imparts a uniquely large capacitance to the steel so that most AC is composed of capacitive current rather than faradaic current which would lead to corrosion. Soil minerals and dissolved ions do not influence this property with the exception of scale-developing cations. However, while deposited mineral scales and passive oxide layers can greatly decrease interfacial capacitance, they are unlikely to increase corrosion rates for AC-influenced steel due to their concomitant protective nature.

Book Modelling of Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Turbulent Pipe Flow

Download or read book Modelling of Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Turbulent Pipe Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A predictive model is described to simulate the aqueous CO2 corrosion of iron in turbulent pipe flow. Mass transfer is modelled with a two dimensional low Reynolds number k- 3 turbulence model by simultaneously solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum, kinetic energy of turbulence and its dissipation rate, along with the concentrations of various dissolved species. The effect of the slow homogeneous chemical reaction Of CO2 hydration is incorporated into the model by including an extra source term in the transport equation for carbonic acid. Other homogeneous chemical reactions are assumed to be in equilibrium. The electrochemical reactions considered are iron dissolution and the reduction of H2CO3, H+ and H 2O. An iterative procedure is employed to calculate CO2 corrosion rates by ensuring the mixed potential theory is satisfied and the various surface chemical equilibria are preserved. It is shown that at a bulk PH 4 and very low flow velocities the reduction of H2CO3 is controlled by CO2 hydration. At higher velocities and in the high current density region where Tafel behavior is no longer observed, H2CO3 reduction is controlled by the interaction of chemical reaction (CO2 hydration) and mass transfer. The H+ reduction is more flow sensitive than the H2CO3 reduction. CO2 corrosion is more influenced by flow at PH 4 than at higher PH values. Generation of H 2CO3 by CO2 hydration enhances the H2CO 3 mass transport and reduces the H2CO3 mass transfer entrance length. The relative contributions of H2CO3, H+, find H2O reduction to the corrosion current depend on the solution PH. The CO2 corrosion rate is accelerated by turbulent flow and CO2 partial pressure through an approximate power law. Present model predictions were tested against experimental findings and other models. Good agreement is achieved. A simplified spreadsheet-based electrochemical model of CO2 corrosion is also developed. Overall mass transfer coefficients.

Book Mechanism and Prediction of Mild Steel Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions Containing Carboxylic Acids Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide

Download or read book Mechanism and Prediction of Mild Steel Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions Containing Carboxylic Acids Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide written by Aria Kahyarian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pipeline corrosion in upstream oil and gas production and transmission facilities is a major design and maintenance concern. Corrosion in such environments is, to the most part, the results of the presence of an aqueous phase containing weak acids such as carboxylic acids, carbonic acid, and hydrogen sulfide. The proper understanding of encountered corrosion processes and reliable predicted corrosion rates are essential for major design decisions relating to material selection, pipe wall thickness allowance and adoption of appropriate maintenance procedures, such as use of corrosion inhibitors and frequency of in-line inspections.

Book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies

Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry

Book On Probabilistic Transition Rates Used in Markov Models for Pitting Corrosion

Download or read book On Probabilistic Transition Rates Used in Markov Models for Pitting Corrosion written by Michael Ryan Workman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A stochastic initiation and propagation model is developed to predict the effects of pitting corrosion on susceptible metals. The model relies upon an inhomogeneous Markov chain system in order to describe the propagation of pit depths throughout a discretized set of states. This work mainly examines the flexibility of the model with respect to the probabilistic transition rates [lambda subscript i] used in the Markov system. Depending on the form of [lambda subscript i], either an analytical or a numerical solution procedure can be used to solve the Markov system, with the numerical form of [lambda subscript i] being able to simulate a wider variety of systems, especially for dynamically changing environments. By modifying the expression of [lambda subscript i], increases or decreases, cyclical changes, or abrupt shifts in environmental corrosivity are studied. Simplifications to the model are also suggested for the sake of computational efficiency. A tool in the form of a Mathematica Computational Document is offered as an example of the model's possible use in industry. Additionally, suggestions are made in regard to metastable pitting and situations where the metal begins in a corroded state. The model is flexible enough to handle these scenarios as long as appropriate data is available.

Book Modelling the Role of Acidic Species on CO2 Corrosion Prediction

Download or read book Modelling the Role of Acidic Species on CO2 Corrosion Prediction written by Mohamad Azwan Mohd Ghazali and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of acetic acid (HAc) in formation water of oil and gas reservoirs has long been suspected to contribute to the CO2 corrosion rate. The prediction model has been developed based on mechanistic theories which is involved the fundamental of electrochemical reaction for partial cathodic and anodic process on the metal surface. By using this prediction model, the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in the presence of HAc in combination with pH and temperature at simultaneously has been investigated. The corrosion prediction model was verified by comparing calculated corrosion rates with the corrosion data obtained from various literature sources and corrosion prediction software's and it's showed a good relationship in correlation and regression relationship and provided high precision in standard error estimation.From the findings, electrochemical measurements have shown that the presence of acetic acid affects predominantly the cathodic reaction and increased the rate of corrosion, which is agreed well with the general understanding of the CO2...