Download or read book Prediction of Agricultural Drought for the Canadian Prairies Using Climatic and Satellite Data written by Vijendra Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prediction of Agricultural Drought for the Canadian Prairies Using Climatic and Satelllite Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat export is a significant component of the Canadian economy. In normal (nondrought) years, the export is as high as 30 million tonnes, but it is reduced to about 20 million tomes in drought years. This significant reduction in exports not only reduces direct profits but may also upset export targets and prices that are set in advance, if droughts are not accurately predicted. In this thesis, prediction of agricultural drought is attempted from both long-term and short-term perspectives. The long-term prediction refers to predicting wheat yield (production per unit area) prior to wheat planting; and, under the short-term prediction, wheat yield is estimated around harvesttime. Predictive analysis was performed on five crop districts of Saskatchewan (1b, 3bn, 4b, 6a, and 9a) using climate data (monthly and daily tempera ure and precipitation) from rune weather stations. In addition, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values generated from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)/AVERR (Advanced Very High Radiometric Resolution) satellite data were used. The long-term prediction was made by fitting various time series techniques (trend, moving average, exponential smoothing, and autoregressive integrated moving average) to the yield series in a district. The technique providing minimum prediction-error was selected. The short-term prediction was made in both qualitative and quantitative forms. The qualitative prediction was attempted using the error correction procedure of pattern recognition. The. quantitative prediction involved modification of the computer program currently being used by the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to estimate wheat yield. The CWB program employs only monthly and precipitation and determines a drought index for a weather station. A hybrid model that employs daily climate data and a NDVI-based variable was developed. Among Various NDVI-based variables, the average NDVI during the entire growing period was found to be the best.
Download or read book Prediction of Agricultural Drought for the Canadian Prairies Using Climatic and Satelllite Data written by Vijendra Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat export is a significant component of the Canadian economy. In normal (nondrought) years, the export is as high as 30 million tonnes, but it is reduced to about 20 million tomes in drought years. This significant reduction in exports not only reduces direct profits but may also upset export targets and prices that are set in advance, if droughts are not accurately predicted. In this thesis, prediction of agricultural drought is attempted from both long-term and short-term perspectives. The long-term prediction refers to predicting wheat yield (production per unit area) prior to wheat planting; and, under the short-term prediction, wheat yield is estimated around harvesttime. Predictive analysis was performed on five crop districts of Saskatchewan (1b, 3bn, 4b, 6a, and 9a) using climate data (monthly and daily tempera ure and precipitation) from rune weather stations. In addition, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values generated from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)/AVERR (Advanced Very High Radiometric Resolution) satellite data were used. The long-term prediction was made by fitting various time series techniques (trend, moving average, exponential smoothing, and autoregressive integrated moving average) to the yield series in a district. The technique providing minimum prediction-error was selected. The short-term prediction was made in both qualitative and quantitative forms. The qualitative prediction was attempted using the error correction procedure of pattern recognition. The. quantitative prediction involved modification of the computer program currently being used by the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to estimate wheat yield. The CWB program employs only monthly and precipitation and determines a drought index for a weather station. A hybrid model that employs daily climate data and a NDVI-based variable was developed. Among Various NDVI-based variables, the average NDVI during the entire growing period was found to be the best predictor of yield in the case of district 3bn. For the remaining four districts, the average NDVI during the heading stage was the most reliable predictor. The commencement and termination of the heading stage were determined using a biometeorological time scale model that required planting dates, daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the photoperiod. When evaluated, the hybrid model was found to have significantly higher predictive capability than the model currently in use; the values of r2 were 0.79, 0.96, 0.83, 0.95, and 0.39 (in the case of hybrid model) as opposed to 0.20, 0.71, 0.57, 0.58, and 0.00 (in the case of the current model) for the districts 1b, 3bn, 4b, 6a, and 9a, respectively.
Download or read book Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought written by Vijendra K. Boken and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic concepts and drought analysis. Remote sensing. NOAA/AVHRR satellite data-based indices for monitoring agricultural droughts. The Americas. Europe, Russia, and the near east. Asia and Australia. International efforts and climate change.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Prairie Drought Workshop written by Donald J. Bauer and published by [Saskatoon?] : Environment Canada = Environnement Canada. This book was released on 1989 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the workshop, covering drought driving forces; monitoring, detection and early warning; prediction; and drought in the future. Papers were presented for each topic, and the results of working group discussions are also reported. A summary of the workshop as a whole is included.[$
Download or read book Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought written by Vijendra K. Boken and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural droughts affect whole societies, leading to higher food costs, threatened economies, and even famine. In order to mitigate such effects, researchers must first be able to monitor them, and then predict them; however no book currently focuses on accurate monitoring or prediction of these devastating kinds of droughts. To fill this void, the editors of Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought have assembled a team of expert contributors from all continents to make a global study, describing biometeorological models and monitoring methods for agricultural droughts. These models and methods note the relationships between precipitation, soil moisture, and crop yields, using data gathered from conventional and remote sensing techniques. The coverage of the book includes probabilistic models and techniques used in America, Europe and the former USSR, Africa, Asia, and Australia, and it concludes with coverage of climate change and resultant shifts in agricultural productivity, drought early warning systems, and famine mitigation. This will be an essential collection for those who must advise governments or international organizations on the current scope, likelihood, and impact of agricultural droughts. Sponsored by the World Meterological Organization
Download or read book Drought Prediction on the Canadian Prairies written by Earle A. Ripley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Detection and Prediction of Agricultural Drought in the Canadian Prairies written by Steven M. Quiring and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Detection and Prediction of Agricultural Drought in the Canadian Prairies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Detection and Prediction of Agricultural Drought in the Canadian Prairies written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examined four drought indices (Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), NOAA Drought Index (NDI), and Moisture Anomaly Index (Z)). The comparison revealed that the Moisture Anomaly Index (Z) is the 'best' index for measuring agricultural drought on the Canadian prairies. Not surprisingly, the moisture conditions during the month of June were found to be the most important determinant of yield. A subsequent diagnostic analysis determined that the performance of the Z-index (as an indicator of agricultural drought) is influenced by the number and timing of precipitation events during the growing season. This drought index was used to divide the study region into five relatively homogeneous crop district clusters. Statistics on drought frequency, severity, and spatial extent were calculated using these regions. In Cluster 2 and Cluster 5, approximately one out every six growing seasons experiences moisture conditions that are not suitable for crop production. A spatial analysis showed that there are three preferred patterns of drought on the prairies and a temporal analysis revealed the presence of coherent drought periodicities (in particular quasi-2, 4, and 10-15 year oscillations). Finally, the relationship between global teleconnection indices and the occurrence of agricultural drought was explored through a composite analysis and a Principal Components Analysis. Both of these analyses suggested that North Pacific circulation and SST anomalies during winter, and eastern equatorial SST anomalies during spring may be related to growing season drought. In addition, Atlantic sector teleconnections also appear to be important.
Download or read book Canadian Prairie Drought written by Madhav L. Khandekar and published by Alberta Environment. This book was released on 2004 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought written by Harry P. Diaz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is considerable historical literature describing the social and economic impact of drought on the prairies in the 1930s, little has been written about the challenges presented by drought in more contemporary times. The drought of 2001-02 was, for example, the most recent large-area, intense, and prolonged drought in Canada and one of Canada's most costly natural disasters in a century. Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought on the Canadian Prairies describes the impacts of droughts and the adaptations made in prairie agriculture over recent decades. These adaptations have enhanced the capacity of rural communities to withstand drought. However, despite the high levels of technical adaptation that have occurred, and the existing human capital and vibrant social and information networks, agricultural producers in the prairie region remain vulnerable to severe droughts that last more than a couple of years. Research findings and projections suggest that droughts could become more frequent, more seveare, and of longer duration in the region over the course of the 21st century. This book provides insights into the conditions generating these challenges and the measures required to reduce vulnerability of prairie communities to them. This volume develops a greater understanding of the social forces and conditions that have contributed to enhanced resilience, as well as those which detract from successful adaptation and examines drought through an interdisciplinary lens encompassing climate science and the social sciences
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Drought written by Brian D. Wardlow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches presents emerging remote sensing-based tools and techniques that can be applied to operational drought monitoring and early warning around the world. The first book to focus on remote sensing and drought monitoring, it brings together a wealth of information that has been scattered throughout the literature and across many disciplines. Featuring contributions by leading scientists, it assembles a cross-section of globally applicable techniques that are currently operational or have potential to be operational in the near future. The book explores a range of applications for monitoring four critical components of the hydrological cycle related to drought: vegetation health, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater, and precipitation. These applications use remotely sensed optical, thermal, microwave, radar, and gravity data from instruments such as AMSR-E, GOES, GRACE, MERIS, MODIS, and Landsat and implement several advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques. Examples show how to integrate this information into routine drought products. The book also examines the role of satellite remote sensing within traditional drought monitoring, as well as current challenges and future prospects. Improving drought monitoring is becoming increasingly important in addressing a wide range of societal issues, from food security and water scarcity to human health, ecosystem services, and energy production. This unique book surveys innovative remote sensing approaches to provide you with new perspectives on large-area drought monitoring and early warning.
Download or read book Canadian Prairie Drought written by Madhav L. Khandekar and published by University of Alberta Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a climatological analysis of Canadian prairie droughts based on 20th century data. It identifies the major drought years (single- or multi-year) and analyzes these drought years in the context of large-scale atmospheric & oceanic circulation patterns. The analysis is aimed at providing improved understanding of the driving forces behind drought. Based on this understanding, the report develops a simple empirical procedure to predict & monitor an oncoming drought on the Canadian prairies with a lead time of three to six months.
Download or read book Drought Prediction on the Canadian Prairies written by Earle A. Ripley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior knowledge of the occurrence of drought would permit measures to be taken to reduce many of its impacts on Prairie society. This report reviews the state-of-the-art of short-term climate prediction and proposes a number of avenues of research which would lead to a better understanding of the climatic controls and ultimately to improved predictions.
Download or read book Integrated Drought Management Volume 2 written by Vijay P. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-13 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume of this comprehensive global perspective on Integrated Drought Management is focused on drought modeling, meteorological prediction, and the use of remote sensing in assessing, analyzing, and monitoring drought. It discusses risk management, planning, policy, and societal impacts of drought such as water pricing, water transfer, water quality, and crop insurance. Through numerous case studies from India, Iran, Brazil, the US, Nepal, and other countries that cover a broad range of topics and geographical regions, this volume serves as a valuable resource for all professionals, researchers, and academics who want to advance their knowledge about droughts. Features Provides a global perspective on drought prediction and management and a synthesis of the recent state of knowledge. Covers a wide range of topics from essential concepts and advanced techniques for forecasting and modeling drought to societal impacts, consequences, and planning Presents numerous case studies with different management approaches from different regions and countries. Addresses how climate change impacts drought, the increasing challenges associated with managing drought, decision-making, and policy implications. Includes contributions from hundreds of experts from around the world. Professionals, researchers, academics, and postgraduate students with knowledge in environmental sciences, ecology, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, water resources engineering, and earth sciences, as well as those interested in how climate change impacts drought management, will gain new insights from the experts featured in this two-volume handbook.
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Canadian Regional Climate Model Simulation of the 1999 to 2004 Drought Over the Canadian Prairies written by Trudy Anne McCormack and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
