Download or read book Precision Timed Machines written by Isaac Suyu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of computation with physical processes. These systems must be equipped to handle the inherent concurrency and inexorable passage of time of physical processes. Traditional computing abstractions only concern themselves with the functional aspects of a program, and not its timing properties. Thus, nearly every abstraction layer has failed to incorporate time into its semantics; the passage of time is merely a consequence of the implementation. When the temporal properties of the system must be guaranteed, designers must reach beneath the abstraction layers. This not only increases the design complexity and effort, but the systems are overdesigned, brittle and extremely sensitive to change. In this work, we address the difficulties of handling time in computing systems by re- examining the lower levels of abstraction. In particular, we focus on the instruction set architecture (ISA) layer and its affects on microarchitecture design. The ISA defines the contract between software instructions and hardware implementations. Modern ISAs do not constrain timing properties of instructions as part of the contract. Thus, architecture designs have largely implemented techniques that improve average performance at the expense of execution time variability. This leads to imprecise WCET bounds that limit the timing predictability and timing composability of architectures. In order to address the lack of temporal semantics in the ISA, we propose instruction extensions to the ISA that give temporal meaning to the program. The instruction extensions allow programs to specify execution time properties in software that must be observed for any correct execution of the program. These include the ability to specify a minimum execution time for code blocks, and the ability to detect and handle missed deadlines from code blocks that exhibit variable execution times. This brings control over timing to the software and allows programs to contain timing properties that are independent of the underlying architecture. In addition, we present the Precision Timed ARM (PTARM) architecture, a realization of Precision Timed (PRET) machines that provides timing predictability and composability without sacrificing performance. PTARM employs a predictable thread-interleaved pipeline with an exposed memory hierarchy that uses scratchpads and a predictable DRAM controller. This removes timing interference among the hardware threads, enabling timing composability in the architecture, and provides deterministic execution times for instructions within the architecture, enabling timing predictability in the architecture. We show that the predictable thread-interleaved pipeline and DRAM controller design also achieve better throughput compared to conventional architectures when fully utilized, accomplishing our goal to provide both predictability and performance. To show the applicability of the architecture, we present two applications implementedwith the PRET architecture that utilize the predictable execution time and the extended ISA to achieve their design requirements. The first application is a real-time fuel rail simulator that implements a one dimensional computational fluid dynamics (1D-CFD) solver on a multicore PRET architecture. The implementation leverages the timing instructions to synchronize the communication of multiple PRET cores with low overhead. The predictable nature and the improved throughput of the architecture allow us to optimize the resource usage while statically ensuring that the timing requirements are met. This provides a scalable solution to close the loop of fuel delivery, allowing for more precise fuel injections that lead to a cleaner and more efficient engine. The second application presents a case study that uses PRET to remove the vulnerability of timing side-channel attacks on encryption algorithms. Encryption algorithms are vulnerable to side-channel attacks that measure the execution time of the encryption to derive the encryption key. The uncontrollable execution time variance can stem from the unpredictable sharing of architecture features or from the various control paths of the encryption algorithm. We implement the RSA and DSA encryption algorithms on PRET and show that by using the timing extended ISA and a predictable architecture, we can completely remove the vulnerabilities that are exploited for the attacks. By providing a predictable architecture, we provide simpler and more accurate timing analysis of the software. With the instruction extensions to the ISA, we provide timing control and allow architecture independent timing properties to be specified in the software. Through these contributions, we aim to introduce a timing deterministic foundation to the lower levels of computing abstractions, which enables more precise and efficient control over timing for the design of CPS.
Download or read book Introduction to Precision Machine Design and Error Assessment written by Samir Mekid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-23 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ultra-precision machines are now achieving sub-nanometer accuracy, unique challenges continue to arise due to their tight specifications. Written to meet the growing needs of mechanical engineers and other professionals to understand these specialized design process issues, Introduction to Precision Machine Design and Error Assessment places
Download or read book Robotics Machinery and Engineering Technology for Precision Agriculture written by Mark Shamtsyan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of papers presented at XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021”, held at Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, during 24–26 February 2021. The research results presented in this book cover applications of unmanned aerial systems, satellite-based applications for precision agriculture, proximal and remote sensing of soil and crop, spatial analysis, variable-rate technology, embedded sensing systems, drainage optimization and variable rate irrigation, wireless sensor networks, Internet of things, robotics, guidance and automation, software and mobile apps for precision agriculture, decision support for precision agriculture and data mining for precision agriculture.
Download or read book Time Machines written by Paul J. Nahin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04-20 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the idea of time travel from the first account in English literature to the latest theories of physicists such as Kip Thorne and Igor Novikov. This very readable work covers a variety of topics including: the history of time travel in fiction; the fundamental scientific concepts of time, spacetime, and the fourth dimension; the speculations of Einstein, Richard Feynman, Kurt Goedel, and others; time travel paradoxes, and much more.
Download or read book Basics of Precision Engineering written by Richard Leach and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in engineering precision have tracked with technological progress for hundreds of years. Over the last few decades, precision engineering has been the specific focus of research on an international scale. The outcome of this effort has been the establishment of a broad range of engineering principles and techniques that form the foundation of precision design. Today’s precision manufacturing machines and measuring instruments represent highly specialised processes that combine deterministic engineering with metrology. Spanning a broad range of technology applications, precision engineering principles frequently bring together scientific ideas drawn from mechanics, materials, optics, electronics, control, thermo-mechanics, dynamics, and software engineering. This book provides a collection of these principles in a single source. Each topic is presented at a level suitable for both undergraduate students and precision engineers in the field. Also included is a wealth of references and example problems to consolidate ideas, and help guide the interested reader to more advanced literature on specific implementations.
Download or read book Introduction to Precision Machine Design and Error Assessment written by Samir Mekid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-23 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ultra-precision machines are now achieving sub-nanometer accuracy, unique challenges continue to arise due to their tight specifications. Written to meet the growing needs of mechanical engineers and other professionals to understand these specialized design process issues, Introduction to Precision Machine Design and Error Assessment places
Download or read book Modern Machinery written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Machinery written by Fred Herbert Colvin and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 1618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Machinist written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 1620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Machinery written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Machinery written by Lester Gray French and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Motor West and California Motor written by and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Time written by Briton Hadden and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Time Machine written by H. G. Wells and published by Pan Macmillan. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant scientist constructs a machine, which, with the pull of a lever, propels him to the year AD 802,701. Part of the Macmillan Collector’s Library; a series of stunning, clothbound, pocket-sized classics with gold foiled edges and ribbon markers. These beautiful books make perfect gifts or a treat for any book lover. This edition of The Time Machine features an introduction by Dr Mark Bould. The Time Traveller finds himself in a verdant, seemingly idyllic landscape where he is greeted by the diminutive Eloi people. The Eloi are beautiful but weak and indolent, and the explorer is perplexed by their fear of the dark. He soon discovers the reason for their fear - the Eloi are not the only race to have inherited the earth. When his time machine disappears, the Time Traveller must descend alone into the subterranean tunnels of the Morlocks - a terrifying, carnivorous people who toil in darkness - to reclaim it.
Download or read book Fault Tolerant Real Time Systems written by Stefan Poledna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-23 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real-time computer systems are very often subject to dependability requirements because of their application areas. Fly-by-wire airplane control systems, control of power plants, industrial process control systems and others are required to continue their function despite faults. Fault-tolerance and real-time requirements thus constitute a kind of natural combination in process control applications. Systematic fault-tolerance is based on redundancy, which is used to mask failures of individual components. The problem of replica determinism is thereby to ensure that replicated components show consistent behavior in the absence of faults. It might seem trivial that, given an identical sequence of inputs, replicated computer systems will produce consistent outputs. Unfortunately, this is not the case. The problem of replica non-determinism and the presentation of its possible solutions is the subject of Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The Problem of Replica Determinism. The field of automotive electronics is an important application area of fault-tolerant real-time systems. Systems like anti-lock braking, engine control, active suspension or vehicle dynamics control have demanding real-time and fault-tolerance requirements. These requirements have to be met even in the presence of very limited resources since cost is extremely important. Because of its interesting properties Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems gives an introduction to the application area of automotive electronics. The requirements of automotive electronics are a topic of discussion in the remainder of this work and are used as a benchmark to evaluate solutions to the problem of replica determinism.
Download or read book Mechanical Engineering A Century of Progress written by Thomas H. Fehring, P.E. and published by NorCENergy Consultants, LLC. This book was released on 1980-10-10 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes approximately 50 engineering accomplishments -- a number of which were subsequently designated historic mechanical engineering landmarks. This book can serve as an entry guide into the remarkable engineering achievements that occurred in the greater Milwaukee area from the late 1800s until the early 1900s, much of which centered around Milwaukee's Menomonee River Valley.
Download or read book Metal Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
