Download or read book Precision of Gamma ray Measurements of the Effective Specific Power and Effective 24 Pu Fraction of Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses gamma-ray spectrometry data from replicate measurements on 40 plutonium-bearing samples to examine the repeatability of the effective 24°Pu fraction (24°Pu{sub eff}) and the effective specific power (P{sub eff}) calculated from the isotopic distribution analyzed with gamma-ray spectrometry codes. The measurements were used to identify the error component arising from repeatability in the determination of the isotopic composition of plutonium in the sample and the contribution of the error component to the uncertainty in total plutonium mass measurements from neutron coincidence counting (24°Pu{sub eff}) and calorimetry (P{sub eff}). The 40 samples had 24°Pu{sub eff} percentages ranging from 2 to 39% and P{sub eff} values ranging from 2 to 16 mW/g Pu. Four different gamma-ray spectrometry codes (FRAM, MGA, Blue Box, and PUJRC) were used to analyze the data (not all samples were analyzed with each code). All analyses showed that the % relative standard deviation of P{sub eff} was smaller than that of 24°Pu{sub eff}. This result coupled with a cursory examination of uncertainties in coincidence counting of well-characterized samples and water-bath calorimetry errors for the same types of samples lead to the conclusion that smaller uncertainties will be present in the total plutonium mass determined by the combination of calorimetry/gamma-ray spectrometry than in the mass determined by coincidence counting/gamma-ray spectrometry. An additional examination of the biases arising from the 24°Pu correlation used in the gamma-ray spectrometry codes also supported this conclusion. 17 refs.

Download or read book Precision of Gamma ray Measurements of the Effective Specific Power and Effective 240Pu Fraction of Plutonium written by Thomas E. Sampson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Importance of 241 Am Determination in the Characterization of PuO2 Standards for Calorimetric Assay written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium dioxide (PuO2) standards are often used both as heat standards and isotopic standards for calorimetric assay. Calorimetric assay is the combination of the power in watts measured in a calorimeter with the effective specific power (P{sub eff}) in watts/g Pu, determined either by nondestructive gamma-ray assay or by destructive mass spectrometry, to yield the total elemental plutonium mass in the sample. To use a PuO2 sample as a heat standard for calorimetry, one must determine both the plutonium mass and P{sub eff} with very small uncertainties and then calculate the sample watts from the known plutonium mass, specific powers, and isotopic composition. Well-characterized PuO2 standards have plutonium mass values determined by analytical chemistry with a precision and accuracy on the order of 0.1%-0.2% relative to the total mass of the sample. Mass spectrometry, typically used to determine the isotopic fractions of plutonium standards, is very accurate and precise for the major isotopes but is somewhat less precise for low-abundance isotopes. The characterization of the 241Am/Pu ratio in the standard is also of great importance because 241Am can contribute significantly to P{sub eff} and to the heat output of the standard. The determination of the 241Am/Pu ratio in a plutonium-bearing sample is a process that is less standardized than mass spectrometry. There are no certified reference materials (CRMs) traceable to the national measurement system for 241Am in plutonium, and routine analytical 241Am/Pu ratio measurements often exhibit uncertainties of several percent relative to the total plutonium or greater.

Download or read book In plant Measurements of Gamma ray Transmissions for Precise K edge and Passive Assay of Plutonium Concentration and Isotopic Fractions in Product Solutions Final Report on TASTEX Task G written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An instrument based upon high-resolution gamma-ray measurements has been tested for more than 1 year at the Tokai Reprocessing Facility for determination of plutonium concentration by K-edge absorption densitometry and for determination of plutonium isotopic fractions by transmission-corrected passive gamma-ray spectrometry. The nondestructive assay instrument was designed and built at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the Tokai Advanced Safeguards Technology Exercise (TASTEX). It was used at Tokai for the timely assay of more than 100 product solution samples during the TASTEX evaluations. The results were compared to reference values obtained by conventional destructive analysis of these samples. The precision and accuracy of plutonium concentrations measured by the K-edge technique are shown to be within 0.6% (1delta) in these applications. The precisions and accuracies of the isotopic fractions determined by these passive gamma-ray methods are shown to be within 0.4% for 239Pu, 1% for 24°Pu and 241Pu, and 10% for 242Pu.

Download or read book DDR Bezirk Schwerin written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plutonium and Americium Measurement in Humans by X and Gamma Ray Spectral Analysis written by Shlomo Stefan Yaniv and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In plant Measurements of Gamma ray Transmissions for Precise K edge and Passive Assay of Plutonium Concentration and Isotopic Abundance in Product Solutions at the Tokai Reprocessing Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A field test has been carried out for more than 2 years for determination of plutonium concentration by K-edge absorption densitometry and for determination of plutonium isotopic abundance by transmission-corrected passive gamma-ray spectrometry. This system was designed and built at Los Alamos National Laboratory and installed at the Tokai reprocessing plant of the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation as a part of the Tokai Advanced Safeguards Technology Exercise (TASTEX). For K-edge measurement of plutonium concentration, the transmissions at two discrete gamma-ray energies are measured using the 121.1- and 122.1-keV gamma rays from 75Se and 57Co. Intensities of the plutonium passive gamma rays in the energy regions between 38 and 51 keV and between 129 and 153 keV are used for determination of the isotopic abundances. More than 200 product solution samples have been measured in a timely fashion during these 2 years. The relative precisions and accuracies of the plutonium concentration measurement are shown to be within 0.6% (1 sigma) in these applications, and those for plutonium isotopic abundances are within 3% for 238Pu, 0.4% for 239Pu, 1.2% for 24°Pu, 1.3% for 241Pu, and 7% for 242Pu. The time required is 10 min for the concentration assay, 10 min for the isotopics assay, and about 15 min for handling procedures in the laboratory.

Download or read book In plant Measurements of Gamma ray Transmissions for Precise K edge and Passive Assay of Plutonium Concentration and Isotopic Fractions in Product Solutions written by P. A. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Results of Gamma Ray Measurements from a Recent Demonstration for Russian Technical Experts written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In August 2001, a group of U.S. technical experts demonstrated an Attribute Measurement System with an Information Barrier (AMSIB) for a delegation of Russian technical experts. The purpose of the demonstration was to show that attributes of a classified plutonium item of potential interest to arms control and nonproliferation transparency regimes could be ascertained without releasing any sensitive information. For this demonstration, both gamma-ray and neutron attributes were determined. We consider only the gamma-ray attributes here. The specific plutonium attributes measured were the isotopic ratio of 24°Pu to 239Pu, the ''age'' of the plutonium (time elapsed since the most recent chemical purification of the plutonium), and the absence of plutonium oxide in the item's storage container. In this paper, we briefly review the technologies employed for the attribute measurements used in the gamma-ray portion of the demonstration, concentrating on the results of the test measurements of the isotopic and age attributes made on unclassified items.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis of Plutonium Within Highly Attenuating Shipping Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic measurements of items stored in shielded shipping containers presents a challenge to standard, nondestructive high-resolution gamma spectroscopy analysis. For example, some plutonium oxide material that will be shipped from Rocky Flats will be packaged in a combination of containers that places more than 12 mm of lead and 25 mm of steel between the material and the detector. This shielding effectively eliminates gamma rays below approximately 300 keV. Spectra were taken through simulated containers and analyzed using FRAM version 4.0 and a parameter set developed for use with highly attenuated items. The results indicate that 10% precision in measured 24°Pu content should be achievable with 2-hour measurements.

Download or read book The Crystal Structure of Gamma Plutonium written by William Houlder Zachariasen and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plutonium Gamma ray Measurements for Mutual Reciprocal Inspections of Dismantled Nuclear Weapons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The O'Leary-Mikhailov agreement of March 1994 stated that the U.S. and the Russian Federation would engage in mutual reciprocal inspections (MRI) of fissile materials removed from dismantled nuclear weapons. It was decided to begin with the plutonium (Pu) removed from dismantled weapons and held in storage containers. Later discussions between U.S. and Russian technical experts led to the conclusion that, to achieve the O'Leary-Mikhailov objectives, Pu MRI would need to determine that the material in the containers has properties consistent with a nuclear-weapon component. Such a property is a 24°Pu/239Pu ratio consistent with weapons-grade material. One of the candidate inspection techniques under consideration for Pu MRI is to use a narrow region (630-670 keV) of the plutonium gamma-ray spectrum, taken with a high-purity germanium detector, to determine that it is weapons-grade plutonium as well as to estimate the minimum mass necessary to produce the observed gamma-ray intensity. We developed software (the Pu600 code) for instrument control and analysis especially for this purpose. In November 1994, U.S. and Russian scientists met at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for joint experiments to evaluate candidate Pu MRI inspection techniques. In one of these experiments, gamma-ray intensities were measured from three unclassified weapons-grade plutonium source standards and one reactor-grade standard (21% 24°pu). Using our software, we determined the 24°Pu/239Pu ratio of these standards to accuracies within "10%, which is adequate for Pu MRI. The minimum mass estimates varied, as expected, directly with the exposed surface area of the standards.

Download or read book On the Use of Gamma ray Spectroscopy to Determine Pu Isotopic Abundances in Plutonium Sources written by H. W. Kraner and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.