Download or read book Precision Measurement with Atom Interferometry Project Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China Grant No 2010CB832805 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No 11227803 written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Development of atom interferometry and its application in precision measurement are reviewed in this paper. The principle, features and the implementation of atom interferometers are introduced, the recent progress of precision measurement with atom interferometry, including determination of gravitational constant and fine structure constant, measurement of gravity, gravity gradient and rotation, test of weak equivalence principle, proposal of gravitational wave detection, and measurement of quadratic Zeeman shift are reviewed in detail. Determination of gravitational redshift, new definition of kilogram, and measurement of weak force with atom interferometry are also briefly introduced.
Download or read book Atom Interferometry written by Guglielmo M. Tino and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since atom interferometers were first realized about 20 years ago, atom interferometry has had many applications in basic and applied science, and has been used to measure gravity acceleration, rotations and fundamental physical quantities with unprecedented precision. Future applications range from tests of general relativity to the development of next-generation inertial navigation systems. This book presents the lectures and notes from the Enrico Fermi school "Atom Interferometry", held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2013. The aim of the school was to cover basic experimental and theoretical aspects and to provide an updated review of current activities in the field as well as main achievements, open issues and future prospects. Topics covered include theoretical background and experimental schemes for atom interferometry; ultracold atoms and atom optics; comparison of atom, light, electron and neutron interferometers and their applications; high precision measurements with atom interferometry and their application to tests of fundamental physics, gravitation, inertial measurements and geophysics; measurement of fundamental constants; interferometry with quantum degenerate gases; matter wave interferometry beyond classical limits; large area interferometers; atom interferometry on chips; and interferometry with molecules.The book will be a valuable source of reference for students, newcomers and experts in the field of atom interferometry.
Download or read book New Developments in Atom Interferometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have pioneered new measurement techniques using coherent atom optics (such as beam-splitters, mirrors and lenses) to manipulate matter waves. During this grant period we built an improved atom interferometer which splits deBroglie waves of matter into two physically separate paths and then recombines the waves to make interference hinges of matter. Using this apparatus our experiments are extremely sensitive to any forces on the atoms.
Download or read book A Precision Measurement of the Photon Recoil of an Atom Using Atomic Interferometry written by David Scott Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clock Atom Interferometry for Precision Measurements in Fundamental Physics written by Thomas Frederick Wilkason and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent technological advances have enabled the development of new precision atomic sensors for tests of fundamental physics. In this thesis, I will introduce the concept of clock atom interferometry, a hybrid of atomic clocks and atom interferometry that is particularly suited for gravitational wave detection and ultralight dark matter searches. I outline the experiment we built to cool and trap strontium atoms for prototyping this concept and demonstrating our initial atom interferometric results. I will then discuss the first realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) clock atom interferometry using single-photon interactions on the strontium 689 nm transition, implementing Mach-Zehnder interferometers and gradiometers with state-of-the-art momentum separation to enhance their sensitivity. Furthermore, using amplitude modulated pulses, I demonstrate Floquet atom optics as a tool to allow symmetric evolution of two states at equal and opposite detuning and allows high pulse efficiencies greater than 99% for all detunings, in particular even when the detuning is on the order of the Rabi frequency. Applying this technique, I extend the visibility of an atom interferometer out to a record momentum transfer in excess of 400 photon momenta. I conclude by demonstrating how this technique can be further advanced to allow for 601 photon momenta of separation, as well as a discussion of the new measurement opportunities made possible with these techniques in the fields of high-precision inertial sensing and fundamental physics detection.
Download or read book Precision Measurement in Atom Interferometry Using Bragg Diffraction written by Brian Vincent Estey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We experimentally and theoretically study Bragg diffraction as a tool for large-momentum transfer beam splitters in atom interferometry. A theoretical framework is developed to quantify the diffraction phase systematic caused by Bragg diffraction and experiments are performed to confirm these predictions using a Ramsey-Bord\'e atom interferometer. We then develop methods to systematically cancel and reduce the diffraction phase systematic by carefully selecting Bragg diffraction parameters and utilizing Bloch oscillations. These techniques are then applied to an ongoing precision measurement of $h/m_\text{Cs}$ for cesium, with the end goal of measuring the fine structure constant $\alpha$. We demonstrate a high contrast simultaneous conjugate Ramsey-Bord\'e interferometer using 5th order Bragg diffraction and 25 common mode Bloch oscillations which achieves $2.5\times 10^6$ radians of phase. We also demonstrate an interferometer with a statistical uncertainty of $\delta \alpha/\alpha=0.25$ ppb after 25 hours of integration time that has diffraction phase systematic error of around 1 ppb. Other sources of systematic uncertainty are also thoroughly explored and determined to better than 0.1 ppb. The techniques and theories developed in this thesis will hopefully help enable future precision measurements based on Bragg diffraction.
Download or read book Atom Interferometers for Precision Gravity Measurements written by Torsten Gerrit Petelski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atom Wave Interferometers written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom interferometers have proven to be versatile tools, applicable in many different scientific and technical arenas. We have concentrated our efforts in the three major areas of precision measurements of important quantities in atomic physics, basic research into atom interferometric inertial sensors, and investigations of fundamental quantum mechanical principles.
Download or read book Long time Atom Interferometry for Precision Tests of Fundamental Physics written by Susannah Moore Dickerson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-pulse atom interferometry is a technique that is exquisitely sensitive to inertial forces. As such, it has exciting applications both in fundamental physics for precision tests of gravity, electrodynamics and quantum mechanics, as well as in practical situations for inertial navigation, geodesy, and timekeeping. In this work, I describe a 10 meter atomic fountain, designed for a precision test of the weak equivalence principle but with additional relevance in bounding proposed modifications of quantum mechanics, directly measuring general relativistic corrections, and detecting gravitational waves. This system is demonstrated to have the largest acceleration sensitivity to date by two orders of magnitude (6.7e-12 g). I also present precision measurements of Earth's rotation, the preparation of ultracold clouds to picokelvin effective temperatures, and current work to further improve the acceleration sensitivity through meter-scale separation between two halves of the atomic wavepacket. I close with a discussion of the next step towards an equivalence principle test: the creation of a well-overlapped, dual-species ultracold cloud.
Download or read book Atom Interferometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom interferometers, in which atom or molecule de Broglie waves are coherently split and then recombined to produce interference fringes, have opened exciting new possibilities for precision and fundamental measurements with complex particles. The ability to accurately measure interactions that displace the de Broglie wave phase has led to qualitatively new measurements in atomic and molecular physics, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics, and new ways to measure acceleration and rotation.
Download or read book Optimal Measurement Precision with a Nonlinear Interferometer written by Han Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Techniques for Precision Atom Interferometry and Applications to Fundamental Tests of Gravity and of Quantum Mechanics written by Tim Kovachy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-pulse atom interferometry--in which quantum mechanical atomic wave packets are split along two paths and later recombined and made to interfere by sequences of optical pulses--is a remarkably sensitive technique for measuring inertial forces, allowing it to be a valuable tool for applications ranging from fundamental tests of gravity to geodesy and inertial navigation. The inertial sensitivity of an atom interferometer is proportional to its enclosed spacetime area--that is, the product of the spatial separation between the two interferometer paths and the interferometer duration. Therefore, new techniques that allow this spacetime area to be increased are essential in order for atom interferometry to reach its full potential. In this thesis, I describe the development of such techniques. We approach the problem of increasing the interferometer spacetime area on two fronts. First, we implement new methods to increase the momentum transferred by the beam splitters of the interferometer. The velocity difference and therefore the spatial separation of the interferometer paths are proportional to this momentum transfer. Conventional atom optics techniques involve beam splitters that transfer two photon momentum recoils (2 hbar k) to the atoms. I will discuss our realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitters that transfer up to 100 hbar k. Second, we have built a 10 m tall atomic fountain that allows the total interferometer duration to be increased to 2 s. Ultimately, we combined LMT atom optics with long-duration atom interferometry in the 10 m atomic fountain, leading to very large spacetime area atom interferometers. In these very large area atom interferometers, the separation between the two atomic wave packets that respectively travel along the two interferometer paths reaches distances of up to 54 cm. Therefore, in addition to offering greatly increased inertial sensitivity, these interferometers probe the quantum mechanical wavelike nature of matter in a new macroscopic regime. I will discuss the techniques we devised to overcome the many technical challenges associated with such interferometers, which in other apparatus have prevented interference from being maintained for path separations larger than 1 cm. I will also describe initial results from the use of our very large area interferometers to test the equivalence principle with Rb-85 and Rb-87 and our plans for further progress in this direction. Very large area atom interferometry requires high laser power and extremely cold atom sources. We have developed a novel high power, frequency doubled laser source at 780 nm that is suitable for atom optics. Also, we have implemented a sequence of matter wave lenses to prepare and measure atomic ensembles with record-low effective temperatures of 50 pK. In addition to applications in atom interferometry, we expect that such an atom source will be broadly useful for a wide range of experiments.
Download or read book A Mobile Atom Interferometer for High precision Measurements of Local Gravity written by Alexander Senger and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atom Interferometry with Picokelvin Ensembles in Microgravity written by Merle Cornelius and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom interferometry enables precision measurements with outstanding sensitivities in a broad field of applications, ranging from fundamental physics to applications in geodesy or navigation. The development of robust and mobile devices paves the way for future satellite missions, e.g. striving for improved spaceborne gravimetry or a precision test of the universality of free fall. The sensitivity of an atom interferometer scales quadratically with the interrogation time. Consequentially, exceptional sensitivities can be reached for interferometry with free evolving ensembles on time scales of several seconds, achievable by operating on a microgravity platform. Such long interrogation times necessarily require ensembles with ultra-low expansion rates, making collimated Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) the ideal input states. Therefore a method called magnetic lensing is used to narrow the momentum distribution. Together with the very good coherence properties of BECs, this reduces uncertainties in the interferometric measurement and enables high-fidelity beam splitter processes like Bragg diffraction. Within the scope of this thesis, a novel matter-wave lens system is presented to lower the internal kinetic energy of a BEC to the picokelvin regime, which is then used to perform interferometric measurements in microgravity. This is achieved with the QUANTUS-2 apparatus, a high-flux rubidium BEC machine based on atom chip technology, which operates at the drop tower in Bremen. Exploiting the excitation of a quadrupole mode in combination with a magnetic lens attains three-dimensional collimation of the BEC. With this technique, an unprecedented residual kinetic energy of $ sfrac{3}{2}k_B cdot38 ,$pK is achieved, where the ensemble is observed after an interrogation time of 2$ ,$s with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Upgrading the experiment to realize single and double Bragg diffraction enables the first demonstration of a double Bragg-based interferometer in microgravity with a retro-reflection setup. The symmetric splitting achieved with the double Bragg process doubles the enclosed interferometer area and reduces systematic effects compared to single diffraction techniques. A complete characterization is performed to optimize the beam splitting process and verify the feasibility of atom chip setups for interferometric measurements. The potential of magnetically lensed BECs for interferometric measurements is investigated by probing the spatial coherence. To this end, a novel application of shear interferometry is developed to investigate the divergence of the magnetically lensed ensemble in analogy to an optical shear plate. Based on the interferometry pattern, the imperfections of the magnetic lens potential are studied, and the lens strength is optimized. Shear interferometry even enables the spatially resolved determination of the BEC's velocity field based on the interferometry pattern. Consequentially, the internal kinetic energy can be deduced from a single absorption image. Especially compact, ground-based atom interferometers can profit from this characterization method since extended times of flight are not required. This shear interferometry represents a versatile tool to study BEC dynamics independently of the application in matter-wave optics. The first demonstration of interferometry with picokelvin atomic ensembles and the tools developed in this work provide the basis to realize atom interferometry on extended time scales of several seconds. This will ultimately enable future space missions to employ cold atom interferometry at unrivalled levels of precision.
Download or read book Modelling Light pulse Atom Interferometry for Precision Measurements written by Jens Jenewein and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Atomic Properties with an Atom Interferometer written by Tony David Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) This thesis presents a new technique to "rephase" the interference pattern at large applied fields, and demonstrates a measurement that is free of this limitation. In addition, most of the systematic errors that plagued the previous polarizability measurement are eliminated by the new technique, and an order of magnitude improvement in precision now appears quite feasible. The remaining systematic errors can be eliminated by measuring the ratio of polarizabilities between two different atoms, a comparison whose precision is better by another order of magnitude.
Download or read book High Contrast Measurements with a Bose Einstein Condensate Atom Interferometer written by Billy Ian Robertson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom interferometry is a next-generation technique of precision measurement that can vastly outperform its optical analogue. These devices utilise the wave nature of atoms to make interferometric measurements of, for example, gravitational and magnetic fields, inertial effects, and the fine-structure constant. The main focus of this thesis is the creation of a general purpose atom interferometer in free space.We create a Bose-Einstein condensate of ~105 87Rb atoms in a crossed-optical dipole trap. The atomic wave function is coherently manipulated using highly tuned pulses comprising off-resonant light that form our atom-optical elements. These atom optics are analogous to the beam splitters and mirrors in an optical interferometer. By controlling the timing and amplitude of the pulses we demonstrate the ability to excite specific momentum states with high efficiency. The tuned atom optics allows for the construction of an atom interferometer in free space. From this we can measure the recoil velocity of an 87Rb atom and calculate the value of the fine structure constant. We also demonstrate the measurement of magnetic field gradients using atom interferometry. A second method of data readout is also demonstrated, known as contrast interferometry.This increases the rate at which information is obtained and decreases the measurement duration from a few hours to a few minutes.Within the vacuum chamber we also have a copper ring which form the basis of an AC coupled ring trap for atoms. The long term goal is to use this as a waveguide for atom interferometry and, whilst not the main focus of this thesis, we present some proof-of-principle type data demonstrating the ring trap. In addition we show the first Kapitza-Dirac splitting of a BEC within the waveguide which forms the first part of a guided atom interferometer.
