Download or read book Precipitation Heat Treatment of Laser Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufactured Ti Rich NiTi Shape Memory Alloys written by Jessica Spoll and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research investigates additive manufacturing as a fabrication method for shape memory alloys. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) undergo a reversible solid-state martensitic phase transformation that results in high recoverable strains, making them useful in industrial applications. NiTi alloys are widely used SMAs. However, due to their sensitive material properties, micromachining fine features in NiTi materials is difficult. Additive manufacturing (AM) allows for complex 3D geometries to be fabricated directly to the final dimensions, albeit surface finishing may be required. Moreover, AM has the capability to design material microstructures "on demand" by controlling input feedstock composition and deposition parameters during fabrication. This opens up avenues for manufacturing gradient microstructures for functionally graded materials.For this research, Ti-rich builds were fabricated using the additive manufacturing technique of laser directed energy deposition. The feedstock was elementally blended Ni and Ti powders and resulted in a Ti53.1Ni46.9 at.% build. Previous results from the Hamilton group showed that laser directed energy deposition additive manufactured (LDEDAM) Ni-rich NiTi alloys had an anisotropic microstructure in the as-deposited condition. The degree of anisotropy was reduced using precipitation heat treatment. For LDEDAM Ti-rich NiTi alloys in the as-deposited condition, previous work showed the thermal-induced martensitic phase transformation (TIMT) occurred at temperatures higher than those for the Ni-rich compositions. Thus, the Ti-rich material is attractive for applications requiring the shape memory effect above room temperature. This work builds upon the Hamilton group's previous work on as-deposited LDEDAM Ti-rich NiTi alloys. The goal of this research is to investigate the influence of precipitation heat treatment on the transformation temperatures of the as-deposited material condition. Two different durations are used at one precipitation heat treatment temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments are used to measure characteristic phase transformation temperatures and enthalpies. Samples for calorimetry analysis were micromachined from different height locations within the LDEDAM build in order to spatially resolve the behavior, as the layer-by-layer fabrication is expected to cause microstructure anisotropy for the Ti-rich NiTi alloys. The results from DSC analysis show that the transformation temperatures for the precipitation heat treated material are comparable to the as-deposited material. The enthalpy measurements for the TIMT on cooling and heating become equivalent for the longer duration precipitation heat treatment. Ultimately, the results show that precipitation treatments may improve the reversibility of the TIMT without altering the operating temperature ranges.
Download or read book Multi scale Microstructure and Thermo mechanical Characterization for Shape Memory Alloy Design Via Additive Manufacturing written by Beth Anna Last and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The layer-by-layer deposition process of additive manufacturing (AM) offers the capability to design material microstructures on multiple length scales. For NiTi shape memory alloys, designing material microstructures using AM would allow for unparalleled tailoring of the multiscale martensitic transformation and shape memory response. However, the laser-based directed energy deposition (LDED) AM technique produces localized microstructures which are distinct from those found in conventionally processed alloys. This work characterizes the grain and precipitate microstructures on multiple length scales for LDED fabricated NiTi alloys and assess the capability for tailoring the martensitic transformation morphology shape memory response through post-deposition heat treatments. Build coupons were fabricated by LDED AM using elementally blended Ni and Ti powder feedstock. The use of elemental powders allowed for a Ti-rich and a Ni-rich powder feedstock composition to be blended; thus, both shape memory effect (Ti-rich) and superelastic (Ni-rich) behaviors were investigated. Specimens were extracted from the fabricated build coupons to investigate the localized microstructure and shape memory behaviors. A full-field deformation analysis technique was employed to correlate the AM microstructure to the deformation mechanisms.The results of this work show that the NiTi LDED AM builds are inherently spatially varying on multiple microstructure length scales. The grain structure resulting from the AM process was similar for both feedstock compositions: fine grains within the interfacial regions formed by overlapping passes/layers and larger columnar grains within bulk regions (i.e. away from these interfaces). As a result of the spatially varying microstructure, as built LDED NiTi alloys exhibit a hardening like response and localized strain concentrations. Post-deposition heat treatment of the Ni-rich alloys reduced the spatial variation in the Ni4Ti3 precipitate microstructure and increased the localized superelastic strains compared to the as built condition, with the solutionizing and precipitation aging treatment resulting in the most spatially uniform Ni4Ti3 precipitate morphology. For the LDED alloys, shape memory effect recovery strains of 4.0 % (for Ti-rich alloys) and superelastic recovery strains of -6.0 % (for solutionized and aged Ni-rich alloys) were achieved.
Download or read book Shape Memory Alloy Actuators written by Mohammad H. Elahinia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic approach to realizing NiTi shape memory alloy actuation, and is aimed at science and engineering students who would like to develop a better understanding of the behaviors of SMAs, and learn to design, simulate, control, and fabricate these actuators in a systematic approach. Several innovative biomedical applications of SMAs are discussed. These include orthopedic, rehabilitation, assistive, cardiovascular, and surgery devices and tools. To this end unique actuation mechanisms are discussed. These include antagonistic bi-stable shape memory-superelastic actuation, shape memory spring actuation, and multi axial tension-torsion actuation. These actuation mechanisms open new possibilities for creating adaptive structures and biomedical devices by using SMAs.
Download or read book Precipitation During Intrinsic Heat Treatment in Laser Additive Manufacturing written by Priyanshu Bajaj and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shape Memory Materials written by K. Otsuka and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-10-07 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account of shape memory materials, now available in paperback.
Download or read book Shape Memory and Superelastic Alloys written by K Yamauchi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-30 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shape memory and superelastic alloys possess properties not present in ordinary metals meaning that they can be used for a variety of applications. Shape memory and superelastic alloys: Applications and technologies explores these applications discussing their key features and commercial performance. Readers will gain invaluable information and insight into the current and potential future applications of shape memory alloys.Part one covers the properties and processing of shape memory effect and superelasticity in alloys for practical users with chapters covering the basic characteristics of Ti-Ni-based and Ti-Nb-based shape memory and superelastic (SM/SE) alloys, the development and commercialisation of TiNi and Cu-based alloys, industrial processing and device elements, design of SMA coil springs for actuators before a final overview on the development of SM and SE applications. Part two introduces SMA application technologies with chapters investigating SMAs in electrical applications, hot-water supply, construction and housing, automobiles and railways and aerospace engineering before looking at the properties, processing and applications of Ferrous (Fe)-based SMAs. Part three focuses on the applications of superelastic alloys and explores their functions in the medical, telecommunications, clothing, sports and leisure industries. The appendix briefly describes the history and activity of the Association of Shape Memory Alloys (ASMA).With its distinguished editors and team of expert contributors, Shape memory and superelastic alloys: Applications and technologies is be a valuable reference tool for metallurgists as well as for designers, engineers and students involved in one of the many industries in which shape memory effect and superelasticity are used such as construction, automotive, medical, aerospace, telecommunications, water/heating, clothing, sports and leisure. Explores important applications of shape memory and superelastic alloys discussing their key features and commercial performance Assesses the properties and processing of shape memory effect and superelasticity in alloys for practical users with chapters covering the basic characteristics Introduces SMA application technologies investigating SMAs in electrical applications, hot-water supply, construction and housing, automobiles and railways and aerospace engineering
Download or read book Physics of Laser Materials Processing written by Gennady G. Gladush and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-05 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the basic mechanisms, theory, simulations and technological aspects of Laser processing techniques. It covers the principles of laser quenching, welding, cutting, alloying, selective sintering, ablation, etc. The main attention is paid to the quantitative description. The diversity and complexity of technological and physical processes is discussed using a unitary approach. The book aims on understanding the cause-and-effect relations in physical processes in Laser technologies. It will help researchers and engineers to improve the existing and develop new Laser machining techniques. The book addresses readers with a certain background in general physics and mathematical analysis: graduate students, researchers and engineers practicing laser applications.
Download or read book Selective Laser Melting written by Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers, and scientists. AM has the ability to fabricate materials to produce parts with complex shapes without any theoretical restrictions combined with added functionalities. Selective laser melting (SLM), also known as laser-based powder bed processing (LPBF), is one of the main AM process that can be used to fabricate wide variety of materials that are Al-, Ti-, Fe-, Ni-, Co-, W-, Ag-, and Au-based, etc. However, several challenges need to be addressed systematically, such as development of new materials that suit the SLM process conditions so the process capabilities can be fully used to produce new properties in these materials. Other issues in the field are the lack of microstructure–property correlations, premature failure, etc. Accordingly, this Special Issue (book) focuses mainly on the microstructure-correlation in three different alloys: AlSi10Mg, Ti6Al4V, and 304L stainless steel, where six articles are presented. Hence, this Special Issue outlines microstructure–property correlations in the SLM processed materials and provides a value addition to the field of AM.
Download or read book Laser Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing Process L DED written by AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This specification establishes process controls for the repeatable production of preforms/parts using the laser directed energy deposition (L-DED-) process for additive manufacturing. Preforms are intended to be used to manufacture aerospace parts, but usage is not limited to such applications. Feedstock may be either wire (for L-DED-Wire) or powder (for L-DED-Powder). This is a revision to the specification for wire fed laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing process to incorporate requirements for powder feedstock used in powder fed laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing process in addition to wire feedstock.
Download or read book Additive Manufacturing written by Amit Bandyopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of additive manufacturing has seen explosive growth in recent years due largely in part to renewed interest from the manufacturing sector. Conceptually, additive manufacturing, or industrial 3D printing, is a way to build parts without using any part-specific tooling or dies from the computer-aided design (CAD) file of the part. Today, mo
Download or read book Technical Economic and Societal Effects of Manufacturing 4 0 written by Mikael Collan and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is among the first cross-disciplinary works about Manufacturing 4.0. It includes chapters about the technical, the economic, and the social aspects of this important phenomenon. Together the material presented allows the reader to develop a holistic picture of where the manufacturing industry and the parts of the society that depend on it may be going in the future. Manufacturing 4.0 is not only a technical change, nor is it a purely technically driven change, but it is a societal change that has the potential to disrupt the way societies are constructed both in the positive and in the negative. This book will be of interest to scholars researching manufacturing, technological innovation, innovation management and industry 4.0.
Download or read book Engineering Materials 2 written by Michael F. Ashby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a thorough explanation of the basic properties of materials; of how these can be controlled by processing; of how materials are formed, joined and finished; and of the chain of reasoning that leads to a successful choice of material for a particular application. The materials covered are grouped into four classes: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Each class is studied in turn, identifying the families of materials in the class, the microstructural features, the processes or treatments used to obtain a particular structure and their design applications. The text is supplemented by practical case studies and example problems with answers, and a valuable programmed learning course on phase diagrams.
Download or read book Laser Processing and Modelling of Multiple Memory Shape Memory Alloys written by Andrew Michael and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser processing of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) has been identified as having great potential in surface treatment, welding, and novel performance requirement applications. However, no models have been developed to predict the amount of Ni vaporized based on various laser processing parameters. Additionally, no models have been developed to accurately predict the performance of these novel materials after laser processing. This is a cause for concern regarding efficient development and functional reliability of the laser processed SMAs. Prior to full scale implementation, a better understanding of Ni vaporization rates and the resulting mechanical performance of these materials is required. The first part of this study is concerned with a systematic investigation of the preferential vaporization of Ni during laser processing. The effect of duration and peak power of the laser pulse on the transformation temperature is studied. It was observed that the cooling rate causes segregation of compositions for compositions on the Ti-rich side of the congruency point. Deconvolution of overlapping transformation peaks allowed for approximations of overall bulk composition and Ni loss. A novel model was developed to predict the change in Ni concentration based on laser pulse duration and peak power. In the second part of this study, a novel 1D model is presented for NiTi SMAs with multiple pseudoelastic plateaus. The model is scalable for any number of plateaus present in the material. It can also be adjusted to include residual strain present after unloading the stress. The model was validated by comparing it the experimental data from Multiple Memory Material (MMM). The new model was found to closely match the experimental results. Part of this study relates to accurately characterizing the tensile properties of SMAs. The third part of this study is concerned with 2-D deformation mechanisms. The effect of texture on the bending properties of NiTi is examined. It was successfully demonstrated that the preferred bending curvature of the stress induced martensite can be predicted from the orientation of the crystallographic planes. Part of this work also relates to advancing the understanding surrounding the anisotropic and incompressible behavior of the austenite to R-phase transformation.
Download or read book Laser Material Processing written by William M. Steen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New chapters on bending and cleaning reflect the changes in the field since the last edition, completing the range of practical knowledge about the processes possible with lasers already familiar to users of this well-known text. Professor Steen's lively presentation is supported by a number of original cartoons by Patrick Wright and Noel Ford, which will bring a smile to your face and ease the learning process. From the reviews: "...well organized, and the text is very practical...The engineering community will find this book informative and useful." (OPTICS AND PHOTONICS NEWS, July/August 2005)
Download or read book Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical Applications written by T Yoneyama and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shape memory alloys are suitable for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as dentistry, bone repair and cardiovascular stents. Shape memory alloys for biomedical applications provides a comprehensive review of the use of shape memory alloys in these and other areas of medicine. Part one discusses fundamental issues with chapters on such topics as mechanical properties, fabrication of materials, the shape memory effect, superelasticity, surface modification and biocompatibility. Part two covers applications of shape memory alloys in areas such as stents and orthodontic devices as well as other applications in the medical and dental fields. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Shape memory alloys for biomedical applications is an essential reference for materials scientists and engineers working in the medical devices industry and in academia. A comprehensive review of shape memory metals and devices for medical applications Discusses materials, mechanical properties, surface modification and biocompatibility Chapters review medical and dental devices using shape memory metals, including stents and orthodontic devices
Download or read book Pseudoelasticity of Shape Memory Alloys written by Andrzej Ziolkowski and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pseudoelasticity of Shape Memory Alloys: Theory and Experimental Studies is devoted to the phenomenon of pseudoelasticity (superelasticity) exhibited by shape memory alloy materials. It provides extensive introductory content on the state-of-the-art in the field, including SMA materials development, definition of shape memory effects, and discussions on where shape memory behavior is found in various engineering application areas. The book features a survey of modeling approaches targeted at reliable prediction of SMA materials’ behavior on different scales of observation, including atomistic, microscopic, mezoscopic, and macroscopic. Researchers and graduate students will find detailed information on the modern methodologies used in the process of building constitutive models of advanced materials exhibiting complex behavior. Introduces the phenomenon of pseudoelasticity exhibited by shape memory alloy materials Features a survey of modeling approaches targeted at reliable prediction of SMN materials' behavior on different scales of observation Provides extensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in the field Ideal reference for researchers and graduate students interested in the modern methodologies used in the process of building constitutive models of advanced materials
Download or read book Laser Directed Energy Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
