Download or read book Pre referral Interventions to Reduce the Over representation of African American Students in Special Education written by Myson Nguyen Dang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-30 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special education and gifted and talented programs were designed for children whose educational needs are not well met in regular classrooms. From their inceptions, these programs have had disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic minority students. What causes this disproportion? Is it a problem? Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education considers possible contributors to that disparity, including early biological and environmental influences and inequities in opportunities for preschool and K-12 education, as well as the possibilities of bias in the referral and assessment system that leads to placement in special programs. It examines the data on early childhood experience, on differences in educational opportunity, and on referral and placement. The book also considers whether disproportionate representation should be considered a problem. Do special education programs provide valuable educational services, or do they set students off on a path of lower educational expectations? Would students not now placed in gifted and talented programs benefit from raised expectations, more rigorous classes, and the gifted label, or would they suffer failure in classes for which they are unprepared? By examining this important problem in U.S. education and making recommendations for early intervention and general education, as well as for changes in referral and assessment processes, Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education will be an indispensable resource to educators throughout the nation, as well as to policy makers at all levels, from schools and school districts to the state and federal governments.

Download or read book Solving Disproportionality and Achieving Equity written by Edward Fergus and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2016-10-28 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the numbers don’t lie, this is your guide to doing what’s right If your school is faced with a disproportionate rate of suspensions, gifted program enrollment, or special education referrals for students of color, this book shows how you can uncover the root causes and rally your staff to face the challenge head on. You will: Understand how bias creates barriers to the success of students of color Know what questions to ask and what data to analyze Create your own road map for becoming an equity-driven school, with staff activities, data collection forms, checklists, and progress monitoring tools

Download or read book Idea Early Intervening Services Policy Implementation in Six School Districts Reducing Overidentification and Disproportionality written by James E. Harvey and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Individual with Disability Educational Improvement Act (idea-2004) (P.L. 108-446) includes a policy called Early Intervening Services (eis) which makes it permissible, but not mandatory, for a school district to use 15 percent of their idea Part b funds to provide services to non-disabled at risk students. However, a school district cited for disproportionality because of an overrepresentation of racial or ethnic minorities or second language learners receiving special education services or disciplinary action is "required" to use 15 percent of their special education funding to address these issues. The purpose of this study was to obtain knowledge on the impact of this idea policy at the local public school district level on the overidentification of students in general and specifically on the overrepresentation of African Americans in special education services. The design of the study utilized parallel case studies in six Northeast Ohio school districts. Three of these districts were cited for disproportionality and three districts were not cited for disproportionality. The design relied on two interviews in each district. Additional data was obtained from reviews of federal, state and school district records and relevant secondary sources. Four policy themes emerged from the Study: eis policy was confusing because it lacked clarity on how disproportionality was determined; funding was punitive because it reduced funds for students with disabilities to provide interventions for general education students; implementation was unfair because some districts were required to establish eis services and some were not; and the additional workload created for administrators was excessive. The three districts that used eis funding to address a disproportionate number of African American students assigned to special education categories showed a reduction in disproportionality and were not cited after a year of eis. However, the cause of this success was questioned because the benchmark for determining disproportionality was raised. All of the districts thought eis could reduce overidentification, but only one reported a reduction of special educations students. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest llc. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.].

Download or read book Racial Inequity in Special Education written by Daniel J. Losen and published by Harvard Education Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commissioned by The Civil Rights Project at Harvard, this text examines racial inequity in special education, with an emphasis on the experiences of African American children. Eleven contributions from educators and researchers discuss issues such as the overrepresentation of minority children in special education, racial disparities in funding, and the implications of the Corey H. lawsuit to desegregate students with disabilities in Chicago. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Keeping Black Boys Out of Special Education written by Jawanza Kunjufu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical analysis looks at the disproportionate number of African American males in special education. Arguing that the problem is race and gender driven, questions covered include Why does Europe send more females to special education? Why does America lead the world in giving children Ritalin? Is there a relationship between sugar, Ritalin, and cocaine? and Is there a relationship between special education and prison? More than 100 strategies to help teachers and parents keep black boys in the regular classroom, such as revising teacher expectations, increasing parental involvement, changing teaching styles from a left-brain abstract approach to a right-brain hands-on approach, redoing the curriculum, understanding the impact of mass media, and fostering healthy eating habits.

Download or read book Multicultural Education for Learners with Special Needs in the Twenty First Century written by Festus E. Obiakor and published by IAP. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multicultural Education for Learners with Special Needs in the Twenty-First Century provides general and special educators innovative information that address the road blocks to effective practice such that diverse learners will be appropriately; identified, assessed, categorized, placed and instructed. The book provides those who instruct diverse learners comprehensive, creative and best practice chapters by scholars in the area of multicultural education. Chapter One presents a system to reduce traditional education road blocks that confront diverse learners called Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Teaching (CLRT). The CLTR system is designed to accomplish three objectives, namely, to increase student achievement, to help students develop skills to achieve economic sufficiency and to allow students to acquire citizenship skills based on a realistic and thorough understanding of the political system. Chapter Two discusses the pervasive problem of disproportionate representation of students from diverse backgrounds in special education by examining what it is, who is impacted by it, why it is occurring, and how it can be addressed using promising strategies. Chapter Three examines the use of authentic assessment to provide feedback for teachers and students, and guide the instructional process by differentiating teaching to meet the educational needs of diverse learners. Chapters Four, Five, Six and Seven address issues related to educating Latina/o Americans, African Americans, Asian Americans and Native Americans learners with special needs. Chapter Eight is a unique chapter that addresses the growing need to educate foreign-born immigrants who are now being referred to as “Today’s Special Learners in Schools”. This chapter delineates the use of the Comprehensive Support Model (CSM) to educate foreign-born learners who are identified by the authors as foreign-born English Language Learners. The CSM is recommended as a culturally sensitive intervention that integrates efforts of the self, (i.e., learner), families, school, community, and government in responding to the needs of diverse learners. Chapter Nine provides a comprehensive discussion of how Culturally Relevant Leadership (CRL) can impact educational theory and practice. The authors delineate how CRL leads to reflective practices which position teachers and administrators to become leaders in school change that can increase student success for diverse learners. Chapter Ten provides the reader with illustrative content regarding the use of technology to educate multicultural learners with special needs. Chapter Eleven delineates the culturally responsive infusion of effective behavior modification strategies that are designed to strengthen and facilitate positive behaviors for culturally and linguistically diverse learners with special needs. The book is an important addition to the education of multicultural learners with special needs as it provides much needed direction for the effective instructional practices for today’s diverse students. The book can be used as current best practices for special and general educators as well as school administrators.

Download or read book How Do We Know They Know written by R. Deborah Davis and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teacher education programs are charged with educating teachers to teach all students - preparing them to teach multiethnic, multiracial, multilingual, and differently-abled students in an increasingly global, inter-dependent world. This book takes as its starting point the assumption that pre-service teacher candidates, primarily white and middle-class, come to college to pursue a teaching degree having little if any experience of a social nature with persons not like themselves. Rooted in areas of theory and practice and based around the «Schools and Society» and «Culturally Relevant Teaching» courses required by the Teacher Education Program social justice conceptual framework, «How Do We Know They Know?» is a conversation about ways to assess these pre-service teachers' growth and movement, as they progress from naiveté to awareness about the realities of culture in schools.

Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-17 with total page 6964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of education has experienced extraordinary technological, societal, and institutional change in recent years, making it one of the most fascinating yet complex fields of study in social science. Unequalled in its combination of authoritative scholarship and comprehensive coverage, International Encyclopedia of Education, Third Edition succeeds two highly successful previous editions (1985, 1994) in aiming to encapsulate research in this vibrant field for the twenty-first century reader. Under development for five years, this work encompasses over 1,000 articles across 24 individual areas of coverage, and is expected to become the dominant resource in the field. Education is a multidisciplinary and international field drawing on a wide range of social sciences and humanities disciplines, and this new edition comprehensively matches this diversity. The diverse background and multidisciplinary subject coverage of the Editorial Board ensure a balanced and objective academic framework, with 1,500 contributors representing over 100 countries, capturing a complete portrait of this evolving field. A totally new work, revamped with a wholly new editorial board, structure and brand-new list of meta-sections and articles Developed by an international panel of editors and authors drawn from senior academia Web-enhanced with supplementary multimedia audio and video files, hotlinked to relevant references and sources for further study Incorporates ca. 1,350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as technology and learning, demography and social change, globalization, and adult learning, to name a few Offers two content delivery options - print and online - the latter of which provides anytime, anywhere access for multiple users and superior search functionality via ScienceDirect, as well as multimedia content, including audio and video files

Download or read book The Comparative Effects of Function based Versus Nonfunction based Interventions on the Social Behavior of African American Students written by April Leigh Mustian and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disproportionality has been a persistent problem in special education for decades. Despite mandates outlined in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004), African American students continue to be disproportionately represented in the Emotional Disturbance (ED) category in special education (e.g., Skiba, Poloni-Staudinger, Simmons, Feggins-Azziz, & Chung, 2005). Additionally, African Americans represent the highest percentages of students identified as at risk (Gay, 2000) and receive a disproportionate number of referrals for disciplinary actions (Cartledge & Dukes, 2008) among racial groups. Even though many hypothesized reasons for such disproportionate rates have been researched (e.g., poverty, inherently bad behavior, cultural bias, ineffective behavioral management), the findings are conflicting. Disproportionality among this population continues, and successful educational outcomes are far too infrequent. One promising intervention that can decrease exclusionary practices imposed on African American students and address disproportionality in both special education and disciplinary action is to use functional behavioral assessments and function-based interventions. The effectiveness of FBAs and function-based interventions for students with ED and those at risk for developing ED have been well documented (e.g., Heckaman, Conroy, Fox, & Chait, 2000; Reid & Nelson, 2002). However, only two studies have involved African American students as participants in FBA implementation (i.e., Kamps, Wendland, & Culpepper, 2006; Lo & Cartledge, 2006) and only one included African Americans as a means to address disproportionality (i.e., Lo & Cartledge). Additionally, professional development on FBA has largely been limited to special education personnel only. In order for FBAs to be effective in preventing problem behavior of African American students before they are referred to special education, research on FBA and professional development targeted to general education teachers is critical. This study examined the comparative effects of function-based versus nonfunction-based interventions on the off-task and replacement behavior of African American students at risk for ED and the extent to which general education teachers could implement FBAs with high fidelity. Findings indicated that function-based interventions resulted in higher decreases of off-task behavior than nonfunction-based interventions. Additionally, descriptive results showed that both general education teachers were able to implement FBAs and function-based interventions with high levels of fidelity. Finally, social validity data suggested that teachers felt that FBAs and function-based interventions were of social importance. Teachers' perceptions also changed on the extent to which students had continued needs for disciplinary action and special education services in the ED category. Specifically, teachers felt students were no long in need of special education services or disciplinary action as a result of the function-based interventions. Limitations of the study, suggestions for future research, and implications for practice are also discussed.

Download or read book Equity in the Classroom written by Todd M. Mealy and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost 200 years after public schools moved toward free education for all children, educators are still exploring the best approaches for promoting equitable student growth. In early 2020, Covid-19 operational changes and the challenge to confront America's most profound racial problems exposed many equity issues in schools. As a result, educators were called to reimagine the field of education as the curtain closed on the first quarter of the 21st century. The essays in this book challenge classroom instructors to consider new approaches to education theory, classroom praxis and teaching content. The chapters herein draw on mixed-methods and narrative form essays to provide practical tools and techniques for building equitable schools. Viewing schools as extensions of society-at-large, this book delivers innovative curricular approaches to STEM education, the Humanities and applied theater. The authors offer methods for empowering student voices, managing moments of crisis, increasing representation in computer science and implementing restorative justice disciplinary practices in learning institutions. Essays provide all educators with proven instructional models for curricular equity with the goal of moving America closer to a multicultural democracy.

Download or read book Prereferral Intervention Teams written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns regarding over-referral rates, misclassification of students, and the need for maximizing opportunities for all students in the least restrictive environment, are prompting school districts all across the country to seek prereferral intervention strategies. One such approach, is that of a Child Study Team. This study chronicles the inception of the Bakie Elementary School Child Study Team (CST), its first year of implementation, and the Action Research Study devised to evaluate its effectiveness. -- From abstract.

Download or read book Comprehensive Multicultural Education in the 21st Century written by Brandi Hinnant-Crawford and published by IAP. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multicultural education has become its own discipline, developed on the shoulders of the work of giants who argued its merit during the attacks of opponents who believed assimilation was the purpose of state sponsored education. In an age of rising populism and nationalism throughout the Western world, again questioned is the merit of multicultural education. In the shadows of Brexit and an America First agenda, where migration patterns across the world have led to demographic shifts, it is evident even in the richest countries in the world that gaps in opportunity (and subsequently achievement) still exist. Disparities in achievement lead some to question whether multicultural education works and others to revert to old notions that ethnically and linguistically marginalized students are in fact deficient. The scholars here believe in the untapped potential of all children and illuminate how educational structures have muffled the cultivation of that potential. Contributors argue the goals of multicultural education have not been achieved in part due to the piecemeal application of its tenants. The scholarship in this volume illustrates the state of multicultural education and articulates what educators committed to equity, inclusion, and a more just society must do to ensure the goals of multicultural education survive in the current age. The authors of these chapters bridge foundational knowledge with contemporary understandings; making the work both accessible for novices and beneficial for the authorities on multicultural education. With the diverse cast of contributors and topics ranging from mathematics instruction to discipline practices, this volume provides thoughtful discourse on issues of access: access to curricular content, access to opportunities to learn, as well as impediments to access. Containing chapters that speak to discipline specific pedagogical practices, the structures of schooling, teacher education, and research methodologies, the collected work encourages scholars and practitioners to not be discouraged in the age of retrenchment.

Download or read book Learning Disabilities and Early Intervention Strategies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and the Workforce. Subcommittee on Education Reform and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Intervention and Referral Process written by Alexis A. Rich and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study will examine the Intervention and Referral process (I & RS) in Gardenia School District. This district has been cited by the State of New Jersey Department of Education for overrepresentation of minority students in special education. Overrepresentation of minority students in special education is problematic because it implies students may be inappropriately placed in special education and/or denied access to general education placements. Thus, this study discusses the disproportionate representation of minority students placed into special education programs, with a specific focus on English Language Learners (ELLs), while exploring school practices that may improve the quality of education for both ELLs and non-ELLs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the teacher and administrator perceptions of the I & RS process in terms of procedures in meeting the needs of all students and determining correct placements of students in general education or special education settings. Additionally, this study aims to determine areas for improvement in terms of essential components of the I & RS process such as multi-disciplinary teams, teacher training, instructional interventions and assessment for ELLs, and follow-up. This study employs a qualitative case study approach with mixed methods data analyses to provide a comprehensive analysis of the I & RS process at the elementary school level in this District. Data collection included a survey distributed to the four elementary schools in Gardenia School District, interviews with ten key participants in the I & RS process, and document review based on public documents pertaining to demographic data. Findings of this study suggest that Gardenia School District has been adjusting the I & RS process to help meet the needs of students who are struggling in general education and to determine appropriate special education referrals. However, there are still areas for improvement for essential components of the I & RS process. Gardenia School District could further improve I & RS the process by enhancing multi-disciplinary teams, teacher preparation and training with language-based interventions, varied instructional interventions and assessment for ELLs, and providing both short and long-term follow-up throughout the I & RS process. An advanced process could better service students in general education and provide meaningful data to determine appropriate educational placements.

Download or read book Whatever Happened to Inclusion written by Phil Smith and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law, policy, and practice in the United States has long held that students with disabilities - including those with intellectual disabilities - have the right to a free and appropriate public education, in a non-restrictive environment. Yet very few of these students are fully included in general education classrooms. Educational systems use loopholes to segregate students; universities regularly fail to train teachers to include students; and state regulators fail to provide the necessary leadership and funding to implement policies of inclusion. Whatever Happened to Inclusion? reports on the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities from national and state perspectives, outlining the abject failure of schools to provide basic educational rights to students with significant disabilities in America. The book then describes the changes that must be made in teacher preparation programs, policy, funding, and local schools to make the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities a reality.

Download or read book Meeting the Needs of Students of ALL Abilities written by Colleen A. Capper and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2000-03-14 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This step-by-step handbook offers practical strategies for administrators, teachers, policymakers, and parents who want to shift from costly special learning programs for a few students, to excellent educational services for all students. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.