Download or read book Pragmatic Aspects of Scalar Modifiers written by Osamu Sawada and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation will provide a new empirical perspective on the interface between semantics and pragmatics.
Download or read book Pragmatic Aspects of Scalar Modifiers written by Osamu Sawada and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the meaning of scalar modifiers - expressions such as more than, a bit, and much - from the standpoint of the semantics-pragmatics interface. It draws on data from Japanese and a range of other languages to explore the information expressed by these modifiers at both the semantic and the pragmatic level.
Download or read book East Asian Pragmatics written by Xinren Chen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the innovative and exciting work done by East Asian pragmaticians on their languages, past and present alike, is written and published in local languages. As a result, research published in and about a particular East Asian language has been largely unavailable to those who do not speak the language. The contributors seek to present a comprehensive survey of existing outputs of pragmatics research on three major East Asian languages (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). The survey concentrates on a number of core pragmatic topics such as speech acts, deixis, discourse markers, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, and face/(im)politeness. To complement and compare with the picture of research work published in the local languages, the volume also includes a survey of internationally published, English-mediated articles and books studying the regional languages or contrasting them with other languages. A rivetting discourse on pragmatics research, it will be a valuable read for students and scholars alike.
Download or read book New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence written by Katsutoshi Yada and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes extended, revised, and selected papers from the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence supported by the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, JSAI-isAI 2021, held online in November 2021. The 26 full papers were carefully selected from 86 submissions. The papers are organized in the volume according to the following workshops: 15th International Workshop on Juris-Informatics, JURISIN 2021; 18th Workshop on Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics, LENLS 18, 5th International Workshop on SCIentific DOCument Analysis, SCI-DOCA 2021; Workshop on Artificial Affective (Kansei) Intelligence, KANSEI-AI 2021; 5th Workshop on Artificial Intelligence of and for Business, AI-Biz 2021.
Download or read book Polarity Sensitive Expressions written by Hideki Kishimoto and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polarity (positive, negative) is one of the most fundamental concepts in the system of language and there are many expressions that are sensitive to polarity. For example, any in English and wh-mo in Japanese appear in negative contexts, but not in positive contexts. While previous studies have shown that polarity-sensitive expressions are a general phenomenon in languages, it has also become clear that there are variations in polarity-sensitive expressions. This volume explores the variations in polarity-sensitive expressions through comparisons between Japanese and other languages, such as English, German, Spanish, and Old Japanese, and examines the environments and contexts in which polarity-sensitive expressions occur, as well as the types of (cross-linguistic) variation allowed. The value of the present volume lies in its inclusion of research papers inquiring into various types of polarity-sensitive expressions, such as negative-, positive-, and discourse-sensitive polarity items as well as their variations. The research indicates new directions for the study of polarity-sensitive expressions in the fields of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, historical linguistics, corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics.
Download or read book Expressive Meaning Across Linguistic Levels and Frameworks written by Andreas Trotzke and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first to explore the formal linguistic expressions of emotions at different levels of linguistic complexity. Research on the language-emotion interface has to date concentrated primarily on the conceptual dimension of emotions as expressed via language, with semantic and pragmatic studies dominating the field. The chapters in this book, in contrast, bring together work from different linguistic frameworks: generative syntax, functional and usage-based linguistics, formal semantics and pragmatics, and experimental phonology. The volume contributes to the growing field of research that explores the interaction between linguistic expressions and the 'expressive dimension' of language, and will be of interest to linguists from a range of theoretical backgrounds who are interested in the language-emotion interface.
Download or read book New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence written by Maki Sakamoto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes extended, revised and selected papers from the 11th International Symposium of Artificial Intelligence supported by the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, JSAI-isAI 2019. It was held in November 2019 in Yokohama, Japan. The 26 papers were carefully selected from 46 submissions and deal with topics of AI research and are organized into 4 sections, according to the 4 workshops: JURISIN 2019, AI-Biz 2019, LENLS 16, and Kansei-AI 2019.
Download or read book Modification written by Marcin Morzycki and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modifiers and modification have been a major focus of inquiry for as long as the formal study of semantics has existed, and remain at the heart of major theoretical debates in the field. Modification offers comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics, including vagueness and gradability, comparatives and degree constructions, the lexical semantics of adjectives and adverbs, crosscategorial regularities, and the relation between meaning and syntactic category. Morzycki guides the reader through the varied and sometimes mysterious phenomena surrounding modification and the ideas that have been proposed to account for them. Presenting disparate approaches in a consistent analytical framework, this accessibly written work, which includes an extensive glossary of technical terms, is essential reading for researchers and students of all levels in linguistics, the philosophy of language and psycholinguistics.
Download or read book Optimality theoretic Syntax Semantics and Pragmatics written by Géraldine Legendre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the morphosyntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of language, and the interactions between them, from the perspective of Optimality Theory. It integrates optimization processes into the formal and functional study of grammar, interpreting optimization as the result of conflicting, violable ranked constraints. Unlike previous work on the topic, this book also takes into account the question of directionality of grammar. A model of grammar in which optimization processes interact bidirectionally allows both language generation-the process of selecting the optimal form of a given meaning-and language interpretation-the process of optimal interpretation of a given form-to be taken into account. Chapters in this volume explore the consequences of both symmetric (unidirectional) and asymmetric (bidirectional) versions of Optimality Theory, investigating the syntax-semantics interface, first language acquisition, and sequential bilingual grammars. The volume presents cutting edge research in Optimality-Theoretic syntax and semantics, as well as demonstrating how optimization processes as modelled in this formalism serve as a viable approach for linguists and scholars in related fields.
Download or read book The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory written by Shalom Lappin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory presents a comprehensive introduction to cutting-edge research in contemporary theoretical and computational semantics. Features completely new content from the first edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory Features contributions by leading semanticists, who introduce core areas of contemporary semantic research, while discussing current research Suitable for graduate students for courses in semantic theory and for advanced researchers as an introduction to current theoretical work
Download or read book The Semantics of Gradability Vagueness and Scale Structure written by Elena Castroviejo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first to focus specifically on experimental studies of the semantics of gradability, scale structure and vagueness. It presents support for and challenges to current formal analyses of these phenomena in view of experimentally collected data, highlighting the ways semantic and pragmatic theory can benefit from experimental methodologies. The papers in the volume contribute to an explicit and detailed account of the use, representation, and online processing of gradable and vague expressions using various kinds of controlled speaker judgment tasks, eye tracking, and ERP. The aim is to strengthen the foundations of experimental semantics and promote interaction between linguists, psycholinguists, psychologists, and philosophers who are interested in the semantics of natural language. Using data representing different languages and a variety of nominal and adjectival constructions, including degree modification and comparatives, the contributions address scale-based classifications of gradable predicates, such as the absolute vs. relative distinction; the nature of the standards for applicability of gradable expressions and the ways in which standards are determined; the nature of dimensions and multidimensionality in the meaning of scalar expressions; and the role of embodiment, subjectivity, and sociolinguistic considerations in the use and understanding of gradable expressions.
Download or read book Dynamics in Logic and Language written by Dun Deng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Tsinghua Interdisciplinary Workshop on Logic, Language, and Meaning, TLLM 2022, which was held virtually in April 2022. The 9 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. The workshop covers a wide range of topics such as dynamic semantics, logical dynamics, Dynamic Epistemic Logic, Discourse Representation Theory, formal semantics, free choice inference, update semantics, and donkey sentences.
Download or read book Measurements Numerals and Scales written by Nicole Gotzner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together chapters on the semantics and pragmatics of measurement, scales, and numerical expressions. The chapters highlight recent developments in measurement theory, the meaning of numerical expressions and the relation between measurement scales and entailment scales. The authors provide explorations in formal and experimental semantics and pragmatics, as well as at the interfaces of this field with others including philosophy of language and sociolinguistics. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in these areas, as well as psychology, psycholinguistics and artificial intelligence.
Download or read book What s that Supposed to Mean Modeling the Pragmatic Meaning of Utterances written by Marie-Catherine H. J. N. L. De Marneffe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many strands of natural language processing work, by and large, capture only the literal meaning of sentences. However, in even our most mundane interactions, much of what we communicate is not said explicitly but rather inferred from the context. If I ask a friend to lunch and she replies, "I had a very large breakfast", I will infer that she does not want go, even though she (perhaps deliberately) avoided saying so directly. This dissertation focuses on building computational models of such pragmatic enrichment. I aim at capturing aspects of pragmatic meaning, the kind of information that a reader will reliably extract from an utterance within a discourse. I investigate three phenomena for which humans readily make inferences. The first study concentrates on interpreting answers to yes/no questions which do not straightforwardly convey a 'yes' or 'no' answer. I focus on questions involving scalar modifiers (Was the movie wonderful? It was worth seeing.) and numerical answers (Are your kids little? I have a 10 year-old and a 7 year-old.). To determine whether the intended answer is 'yes' or 'no', we need to evaluate how "worth seeing" relates to "wonderful", and how "10 and 7 year-old" relate to "little". Can we automatically learn from real texts what meanings people assign to these modifiers? I exploit the availability of a large amount of text to learn meanings from words and sentences in contexts. I show that we can ground scalar modifier meaning based on large unstructured databases, and that such meanings can drive pragmatic inference. The second study detects conflicting statements. If an article about a factory says that 100 people were working inside the plant where the police defused the rockets, whereas a second about the same factory reports that 100 people were injured, and we understand these statements, we will infer that they are contradictory. I created the first available corpus of contradictions which, departing from the traditional view in formal semantics, I have defined as pieces of text that are extremely unlikely to be considered true simultaneously. I argue that such a definition, rather than a logical notion of contradiction, better fits people's intuitions of what a contradiction is. Through a detailed analysis of such naturally-occurring conflicting statements, I identified linguistic factors which give rise to contradiction. I then used a logistic regression model to learn the best way of weighing these different factors, and put this model to use to predict whether a new set of sentence pairs was contradictory. The third study targets veridicality -- whether events described in a text are viewed as actual, non-actual or uncertain. What do people infer from a sentence such as "At a news conference, Mr. Fournier accused Paribas of planning to pay for the takeover by selling parts of the company"? Is Paribas going to pay for the takeover by selling parts of the company? I show that not only lexical semantic properties but context and world knowledge shape veridicality judgments. Since such judgments are not always categorical, I suggest they should be modeled as distributions. I build and describe a classifier, which balances both lexical and contextual factors and can faithfully model human judgments of veridicality distributions. Together these studies illustrate how computer systems begin to recover hearers' readings by exploiting probabilistic methods and learning from large amounts of data in context. My dissertation highlights the importance of modeling pragmatic meaning to reach real natural language understanding. Humans rely on context in their everyday use of language. Computer programs must do likewise, and the work presented here shows that it is feasible to automatically capture some aspects of pragmatic meaning.
Download or read book Focus on Additivity written by Anna-Maria De Cesare Greenwald and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is centered on the notional domain of additivity. Many linguistic phenomena are based on additivity (i.e. are incremental) and additive relations are a mechanism that underlies a wide array of text types. Specifically, the present volume is centered on the class of function words which have been labeled, among many others, Additive Focusing Modifiers (FMs). The chapters gathered in this volume deal with the syntactic, prosodic and pragmatic properties of Additive FMs and new lines of research on these items are pursued, including (i) the historical development of Additive FMs and the use of these forms in older stages of the European languages; (ii) the pragmatic and sociolinguistic properties of Additive FMs, in particular of the functions they play in discourse and their distribution in different language varieties; (iii) the processing of Additive FMs by adults, in particular by relying on reading experiments involving eye tracking and self-paced reading; (iv) the use of Additive FMs in language contact situations and (v) the acquisition of Additive FMs by different learner groups.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics written by Chris Cummins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first to explore the growing field of experimental semantics and pragmatics. In the past 20 years, experimental data has become a major source of evidence for building theories of language meaning and use, encompassing a wide range of topics and methods. Following an introduction from the editors, the chapters in this volume offer an up-to-date account of research in the field spanning 31 different topics, including scalar implicatures, presuppositions, counterfactuals, quantification, metaphor, prosody, and politeness, as well as exploring how and why a particular experimental method is suitable for addressing a given theoretical debate. The volume's forward-looking approach also seeks to actively identify questions and methods that could be fruitfully combined in future experimental research. Written in a clear and accessible style, this handbook will appeal to students and scholars from advanced undergraduate level upwards in a range of fields, including semantics and pragmatics, philosophy of language, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, cognitive science, and neuroscience.
Download or read book The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory written by Shalom Lappin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory presents a comprehensive introduction to cutting-edge research in contemporary theoretical and computational semantics. Features completely new content from the first edition of The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory Features contributions by leading semanticists, who introduce core areas of contemporary semantic research, while discussing current research Suitable for graduate students for courses in semantic theory and for advanced researchers as an introduction to current theoretical work
