Download or read book Practical Performance Criteria and Durability Prediction Modeling of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer GFRP Bars written by Paulina Arczewska and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars are becoming a reasonable alternative to steel bars in reinforced concrete members as a method to address issues of corrosion and electromagnetic interference. This growing interest in GFRP reinforcement results in an increase in the types of products and their quantities in the market. GFRP bars are typically produced in an automated pultrusion process; however, when curved or bent bars are to be manufactured non-standardized production processes are adopted, which differ among manufacturers. This results in variability of the products, which raises concerns regarding quality and durability of the bars. Thus, to use GFRP bars more efficiently two fundamental technological barriers need to be resolved: material property and durability uncertainties. Quality control (QC) and assurance (QA) testing is a proper way to check the properties of bars before using them in structures. In this thesis, an attempt was made to study the influence of GFRP bars geometrical and mechanical characteristics variability on standardized quality control tests (tensile, shear, flexure, and cure ratio tests). Bars from two different companies with two different diameters and three different surface finishes were included in this study. Based on obtained results it was postulated that variability of the currently available GFRP bars has an influence on testing procedures. As for e.g., surface finishing affects anchorage length for the tensile test, or cost of the shear test can directly depend on a number of bar sizes that need to be tested. Tests, investigated in this research program, were found to be impractical and inconvenient in a rutile use. Thus. adjustment of testing procedures is needed to improve QA and QC testing. Subsequently, possible correlations between the bar properties were analyzed. Based on the research outcome the tensile-flexure correlation was found to be a great asset for quality control testing of GFRP bars. The study was performed with recognition of the composite bimodular properties in different states of stress (tension and compression) and the results were compared with standardized flexural strength determination protocols. A Weibull "Weakest Link Model" was utilized in the tensile-flexure strength correlation. Based on performed analysis it was found that correlation between tensile-flexure strength does exist and the flexure test potentially can be used as a tensile strength prediction method for QA testing. The difference between the analytical value of the tensile strength, obtained by proposed methodology, and tensile strength measured directly from the test did not exceed five percent. The second factor that partially impedes wider adaptation of GFRP bars is the absence of satisfactory life prediction models. Since GFRP bars are no longer used only as a longitudinal reinforcement, but also as stirrups in reinforced concrete structures, a model describing the deterioration of all properties is required. Thus, this research program is focused on the prediction capability of existing models to determine degradation of GFRP bar properties. An accelerated aging test (alkaline immersion) was introduced to study GFRP bars long-term performance. Specimens were kept in a highly alkaline solution (approximately 13 pH) under three temperatures: 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C; for three different periods of time: 30, 90, and 150 days. Existing strength retention models were validated using the obtained data and durability of GFRP bar properties was investigated. Two from four introduced in this research program strength retention models were found to be proper estimations for the long-term behavior of GFRP bar properties. It was found that all properties of GFRP bars that directly depend on the bar cross-section area are characterized by a similar rate of degradation (tensile, shear strength). While the flexure strength degrades quicker. Also, smaller bar diameters are characterized by the higher speed of degradation than the bars with bigger diameters. In fact, degradation of GFRP bar properties depends on many factors, including the type of resin, fiber content or bar surface finishing. Thus, the durability of GFRP reinforcement is a complex problem that required further analysis. Discussion and comparison of results between different bar types are presented in this thesis.

Download or read book Testing Protocol Material Specifications Long term Durability Analysis in Accelerated Environments and Prediction Modeling of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer BFRP Bars written by Srichand Telikapalli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge infrastructure in coastal areas is deteriorating at an accelerated pace due to increased traffic and aggressive environments. Traditional black steel reinforcement in bridges is corroding due to exposure to saline environments. This leads to structural failure which may cause personal damage, and financial losses. To overcome the problem with corrosion, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement bars are used in civil structures as a replacement to the steel rebars because of their noncorrosive properties. FRP rebars are a product of composite materials which are made from combining fibers and resin matrices. In the U.S., many projects have focused on aramid, carbon, and glass FRPs for applications in civil infrastructure for the past two decades. Research on basalt FRP rebars was abandoned in early 1930s due to historical reasons. However, due to its superior characteristics (strength performance, corrosion resistance, temperature range, and durability) basalt rebars have gained a renewed interest in recent years. Due to these properties, Basalt FRP bars are capable of replacing steel rebars, and glass fiber rebars in bridge engineering applications. Though BFRP rebars have superior material properties, a number of BFRP products with inferior quality are available in the global market as material standards are not available. Standardizing the BFRP rebar products helps in eliminating the products of inferior quality and protecting the general public safety. Because rebars are intended to be used in marine structures which are high in pH and have high saline concentrations, a wide range of raw materials and rebar products should be exposed to several combinations of aggressive conditions and their long-term strength and durability characteristics should be experimentally studied. Experimental evaluations on the fiber, sizing, and resin level are needed to promote the standardizationprocess of BFRP Rebars. In this research, the properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebars, and the raw materials used in manufacture of rebars were studied. This involved analysis of physical, mechanical, and durability properties of rebars and raw materials. In addition, standard specifications for the use of these rebars in concrete structures were proposed. In the first part of this study, physical and mechanical properties of rebars and their components were studied by conducting preliminary tests on them, which included measurement of the cross-sectional properties, fiber content, moisture absorption properties, XRF analysis, glass transition temperature, tensile strength, transverse, and apparent horizontal shear strength, and bond strength of rebars. Tensile strength of resin and XRF analysis on fibers were also conducted to study the initial material properties. It was found that the virgin properties all tested rebars have satised and surpassed the existing criteria for GFRP rebars by at least 120%. For the second part of this research, a test matrix was developed to understand the durability properties of the rebars and the resin matrices. Rebars and components were then exposed in the aggressive environments at 60°C for 300d. A series of physical and mechanical tests were performed on rebars and components as well as various chemical tests on exposure environments were conducted to study the property changes. It was noticed that the sizing on the fibers and resin matrix played a key role in protecting the rebars from degradation in aggressive environments. A long-term prediction model which can predict strength retention of FRP bars in any type of aggressive environment and any exposure temperature was developed based on fib Bulletin 40 model with additional degradation factors addressing different Cl concentrations in the exposure environments and exposure time. The results showed that tested BFRP rebars outperformed GFRP rebars in all aspects and the results showed that BFRP rebars can be used in future marine structures. While it was suggested that specispecifications for these rebars be inline with GFRP rebar specifications, with additional data, the specfiications for these rebars can be set higher than GFRP rebar specifications.

Download or read book The International Handbook of FRP Composites in Civil Engineering written by Manoochehr Zoghi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have become an integral part of the construction industry because of their versatility, enhanced durability and resistance to fatigue and corrosion, high strength-to-weight ratio, accelerated construction, and lower maintenance and life-cycle costs. Advanced FRP composite materials are also emerging for a wide range of civil infrastructure applications. These include everything from bridge decks, bridge strengthening and repairs, and seismic retrofit to marine waterfront structures and sustainable, energy-efficient housing. The International Handbook of FRP Composites in Civil Engineering brings together a wealth of information on advances in materials, techniques, practices, nondestructive testing, and structural health monitoring of FRP composites, specifically for civil infrastructure. With a focus on professional applications, the handbook supplies design guidelines and standards of practice from around the world. It also includes helpful design formulas, tables, and charts to provide immediate answers to common questions. Organized into seven parts, the handbook covers: FRP fundamentals, including history, codes and standards, manufacturing, materials, mechanics, and life-cycle costs Bridge deck applications and the critical topic of connection design for FRP structural members External reinforcement for rehabilitation, including the strengthening of reinforced concrete, masonry, wood, and metallic structures FRP composites for the reinforcement of concrete structures, including material characteristics, design procedures, and quality assurance–quality control (QA/QC) issues Hybrid FRP composite systems, with an emphasis on design, construction, QA/QC, and repair Quality control, quality assurance, and evaluation using nondestructive testing, and in-service monitoring using structural health monitoring of FRP composites, including smart composites that can actively sense and respond to the environment and internal states FRP-related books, journals, conference proceedings, organizations, and research sources Comprehensive yet concise, this is an invaluable reference for practicing engineers and construction professionals, as well as researchers and students. It offers ready-to-use information on how FRP composites can be more effectively utilized in new construction, repair and reconstruction, and architectural engineering.

Download or read book A Time variant Probabilistic Model for Predicting the Longer term Performance of GFRP Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Concrete written by Jeongjoo Kim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) has many potential advantages as reinforcement in concrete structures, the loss in tensile strength of the GFRP reinforcing bar can be significant when exposed to the high alkali environments. Much effort was made to estimate the durability performance of GFRP in concrete; however, it is widely believed the data from accelerated aging tests is not appropriate to predict the longer-term performance of GFRP reinforcing bars. The lack of validated long-term data is the major obstacle for broad application of GFRP reinforcement in civil engineering practices. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the longer-term deterioration rate of GFRP bars embedded in concrete, and to develop an accurate model that can provide better information to predict the longer-term performance of GFRP bars. In previous studies performed by Trejo, three GFRP bar types (V1, V2, and P type) with two different diameters (16 and 19 mm [0.625, and 0.7 in. referred as #5 and #6, respectively]) provided by different manufacturers were embedded in concrete beams. After pre-cracking by bending tests, specimens were stored outdoors at the Riverside Campus of Texas A & M University in College Station, Texas. After 7 years of outdoor exposure, the GFRP bars were extracted from the concrete beams and tension tests were performed to estimate the residual tensile strength. Several physical tests were also performed to assess the potential changes in the material. It was found that the tensile capacity of the GFRP bars embedded in concrete decreased; however, no significant changes in modulus of elasticity (MOE) were observed. Using this data and limited data from the literature, a probabilistic capacity model was developed using Bayesian updating. The developed probabilistic capacity model appropriately accounts for statistical uncertainties, considering the influence of the missing variables and remaining error due to the inexact model form. In this study, the reduction in tensile strength of GFRP reinforcement embedded in concrete is a function of the diffusion rate of the resin matrix, bar diameter, and time. The probabilistic model predicts that smaller GFRP bars exhibit faster degradation in the tensile capacity than the larger GFRP bars. For the GFRP bars, the model indicates that the probability that the environmental reduction factor required by The American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for the design of concrete structures containing GFRP reinforcement is below the required value is 0.4, 0.25, and 0.2 after 100 years for #3, #5, and #6, respectively. The ACI 440 and AASHTO design strength for smaller bars is likely not safe.

Download or read book Advances in Mechatronics Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering written by Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-05 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights selected papers from the Mechanical Engineering track, with a focus on mechatronics and manufacturing, presented at the “Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology” (MUCET 2019). The conference brings together researchers and professionals in the fields of engineering, research and technology, providing a platform for future collaborations and the exchange of ideas.

Download or read book Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering written by Lieping Ye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering" contains the papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in Civil Engineering in 2010, which is an official conference of the International Institute for FRP in Construction (IIFC). The book includes 7 keynote papers which are presented by top professors and engineers in the world and 203 papers covering a wide spectrum of topics. These important papers not only demonstrate the recent advances in the application of FRP composites in civil engineering, but also point to future research endeavors in this exciting area. Researchers and professionals in the field of civil engineering will find this book is exceedingly valuable. Prof. Lieping Ye and Dr. Peng Feng both work at the Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. Qingrui Yue is a Professor at China Metallurgical Group Corporation.

Download or read book Recent Developments in Geotechnics and Structural Engineering written by Sanjay Kumar Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-21 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (TRACE 2022). It focuses on the latest research developments in structural engineering, structural health monitoring, rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures, geotechnical engineering, and earthquake-resistant structures. The book also covers the latest innovations in building repair and maintenance, AI and blockchain in structural engineering, advancements in the design of earthquake-resistant structures, and sustainable materials for rehabilitation and retrofitting. The contents of this book are useful for researchers and professionals working in structural and geotechnical engineering and allied areas.

Download or read book Long term Performance of GFRP Reinforcement written by David Trejo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars written by ACI Committee 440 and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Textile Reinforced Cement Composites written by Jan Wastiels and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue presents the latest advances in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement Composites, including Textile-Reinforced Concrete (TRC), Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM), Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM), etc. These composite materials distinguish themselves from other fibre-reinforced concrete materials by their strain-hardening behaviour under tensile loading. This Special Issue is composed of 14 papers covering new insights in structural and material engineering. The papers include investigations on the level of the fibre reinforcement system as well as on the level of the composites, investigating their impact and fatigue behaviour, durability and fire behaviour. Both the strengthening of existing structures and the development of new structural systems such as lightweight sandwich systems are presented, and analysis and design methods are discussed. This Special Issue demonstrates the broadness and intensity of the ongoing advancements in the field of Textile-Reinforced Cement composites and the importance of several future research directions.

Download or read book Long term Performance of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams and Bars Subjected to Aggressive Environments written by Yeonho Park and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars in reinforced concrete (RC) structures has emerged as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement environments and other applications where steel has shown greater vulnerability. Although the number of analytical and experimental studies on RC beams with FRP reinforcement has increased in recent decades, its long term performance is still questioned in comparison to the traditional steel reinforcement. That is, longterm performance is a much recognized but less-mentioned topic in the field of the reinforced concrete with glass-FRP (GFRP) re-bars. There is a need to validate long-term performance of FRP reinforced concrete structures, and accelerated testing can provide the data for this validation. In order to predict long-term behavior of reinforced concrete with GFRP bars (RC-GFRP), it is critical to determine the effects that long term exposure to the environment can have in degrading the composite materials. This study presents the results and discussion of an experimental study concerning longterm behaviors of GFRP bars and concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars after accelerated aging for 300days in an environmental chamber at 115°F(80% relative humidity). The change of strength/stiffness properties of GFRP bars and concrete beams reinforced with GFRP as compared to steel bars were investigated in this study for various conditioning schemes with the application of sustained loads. Two types (Wrapped surface / Sand-coated surface) of GFRP were used. All beams were clamped in pairs using transverse steel rods at the beam end to simulate cracks typical of those produced by in service conditions. Prior to exposure in the chamber, beams were precracked to simulate the level of cracking seen during service loads. Tensile strength retentions of GFRP bars were tested and considered as the indicator of durability performance. Accelerated aging procedure was conservatively calibrated with the natural weathering data to obtain real time weathering based on the Arrhenius method. Analytical analysis was also conducted to investigate the degradation of strength/stiffness. In addition, not only the change of bond strength between GFRP bars and concrete after aging, but also the durability performance concrete beams with GFRP and steel bars were investigated after exposure to specific accelerated aging conditions(115°F, RH=80% and 3% saline solution). A non-destructive acoustic emission technique was conducted to assess long-term performances of GFRP bars embedded in real concrete and concrete beams (reinforced with GFRP and steel bars) subjected to temperature, humidity and exposure to saline solution of aging conditions. Both the experimental testing and signal-processing procedures were reported in detail. Various parameters were extracted from the AE received signals and analyzed. In all cases, results showed not only that the strength and modulus of elasticity of GFRP and steel bars were reduced by the increase of exposure duration to cement-mortar paste at two different temperatures, but also the moment carrying capacities of RC-GFRP beams decreased and the deflections increased as a function of time when exposing in circumstances for accelerated aging. The effects of accelerated aging on the GFRP bars were not critical in terms of bond strength. The AE activity was found sensitive to duration of accelerated aging, type of reinforcement and reinforcement ratio. Acoustic emission technique could provide a useful verification of degradation level of concrete structures reinforced with GFRP and steel rods.

Download or read book Advances in Civil Engineering and Building Materials written by Shuenn-Yih Chang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Civil Engineering and Building Materials presents the state-of-the-art development in: - Structural Engineering - Road & Bridge Engineering- Geotechnical Engineering- Architecture & Urban Planning- Transportation Engineering- Hydraulic Engineering - Engineering Management- Computational Mechanics- Construction Technology- Buildi

Download or read book Evaluation of Post fire Strength of Concrete Flexural Members Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer GFRP Bars written by Devon S. Ellis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CEB FIP model code 1990 final draft chapters1 3 written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete. This book was released on 1991-07-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Accelerated Ageing Tests and Long term Prediction Models for Durability of FRP Bars in Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer GFRP Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Concrete Under Aggressive Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Florida State University researchers reviewed current glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) technologies and tested GFRP products in order to provide additional guidance for integrating GFRP technology into existing design guidelines.

Download or read book Reinforced Concrete with FRP Bars written by Antonio Nanni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion-resistant, electromagnetic transparent and lightweight fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are accepted as valid alternatives to steel in concrete reinforcement. Reinforced Concrete with FRP Bars: Mechanics and Design, a technical guide based on the authors more than 30 years of collective experience, provides principles, algorithms, and pr