Download or read book Plant Names Scientific and Popular written by Albert Brown Lyons and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transplant Production in the 21st Century written by Chieri Kubota and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are facing global issues concerning environmental pollution and shortages of food, feed, phytomass (plant biomass) and natural resources, which will become more serious in the forthcoming decades. To solve these issues, immeasurable numbers of various plants and huge amounts of phytomass are required every year for food, feed and for the improvement of amenities, the environment and our quality of life. Increased phytomass is also required as alternative raw material for producing bio-energy, biodegradable plastics and many other plant-originated industrial products. Only by using phytomass as a reproducible energy source and raw material, instead of fossil fuels and atomic power, we can save natural resources and minimize environmental pollution. To increase phytomass globally, we need billions of quality transplants (small plants) to be grown yearly, in the field or in the greenhouse, under various environmental conditions. However, these high quality transplants can be produced only under carefully controlled, rather than variable environment al conditions. Recent research has shown that the closed transplant production system requires considerably small amounts of electricity, water, fertilizer, CO) and pesticide to produce value-added transplants as scheduled with minimum release of environmental pollutants and minimum loss of transplants. The closed or closed-type transplant production system is defined as a transplant production system covered with opaque walls with minimized or controlled ventilation rates, using artificial lighting. With this system, photoperiod, light intensity and quality, air temperature, humidity, CO) concentration and air current speed can be controlled as desired.

Download or read book Transplant Production Systems written by K. Kurata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As biotechnology produces an unprecedented number of new plantvarieties, automated transplant production systems offer the means for their large-scale introduction via a rapid, efficient and economic method. As labour costs increase, so will automated systems assume even greater importance. Reforestation and afforestation projects, anti-des-ertification plantings and an increasing demand for urban greenery also create enormous demands for the mass production of high quality transplants, in addition to the commercial needs of the agriculture industry. The application of engineering techniques to modern micropropagation techniques and plant production means that many tasks can be automated, especially physical manipulation and close control of the microenvironment. This volume provides overviews of the main con-cepts -- plug seedling production, micropropagation, robotization, model development, measurement and environmental control -- with an emphasis on practical considerations. Examples are drawn from flower, vegetable and forest tree species to show how disciplines such as robotics and image analysis have a part to play in plant production.

Download or read book Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses written by R.I.B. Francki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), summarizes the proceedings and decisions reached by the ICTV at its meetings held at the International Congresses of Virology in Sendai (1984), Edmonton (1987) and Berlin (1990). This report has been organized in the same way as the previous ones (Wildy, 1971; Fenner, 1976; Matthews, 1979; 1982), yet it encompasses many more families and groups of viruses than previous reports, and it includes new tables, diagrams and keys. The officers and members of the ICTV study groups from 1984 to 1990 are listed, as the current ICTV statutes and rules of nomenclature. Information on the format for submission of new taxonomic proposals to the ICTV is also provided. Since the Fourth Report of the ICTV (1982), 19 new virus families and groups have been described. This report includes 2,430 viruses belonging to 73 families or groups, as well as virus satellites and viroids descriptions, but it does not include descriptions not approved by the ICTV. It now will be possible to publish such preliminary, and in some cases controversial, descriptions in the Virology Division pages of the Archives of Virology --this will allow virologists to carry on the kind of interim dialogue that is necessary for arriving at broad agreement on taxonomic matters.

Download or read book The Orthopoxviruses written by Frank Fenner and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Papovaviridae written by Peter M. Howley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I written by Professor Dr. Y. P. S. Bajaj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While working in the laboratory of Professor Dr. Jacob Reinert at the Freie Universitat Berlin (1974-1976), I had the opportunity to become deeply involved in studying the intricacies of the fascinating phenomenon of somatic embryogenesis in plant cells and protoplasts. In numerous stimu lating discussions with Professor Reinert on this subject, I was fully convinced that somatic embryogenesis would become one of the most important areas of study, not only regarding basic and fundamental aspects, but also for its application in crop improvement. During the last decade, we have witnessed tremendous interest and achievements in the use of somatic embryos for the production of synthetic seeds, for micro propagation, genetic transformation, cryopreservation, and conservation of germplasm. The en masse production of somatic embryos in the bioreactors has facilitated some of these studies. Somatic embryos have now been induced in more than 300 plant species belonging to a wide range offamilies. It was therefore felt that a compilation ofliterature/state of the art on this subject was necessary. Thus, two volumes on Somatic Embryo genesis and Synthetic Seed have been compiled, which contain 65 chapters contributed by International experts. Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I comprises 31 chapters, arranged in 3 sections: Section I Commitment of the cell to somatic embryogenesis; early events; anatomy; molecular basis; gene expression; role of polyamines; machine vision analysis of somatic embryos. Section II Applications of somatic embryos; technology of synthetic seed; fluid drilling; micropropagation; genetic transfor mation through somatic embryos; cryopreservation.

Download or read book The Adenoviruses written by Harold S. Ginsberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of adenoviruses naturally induced a new interest in viruses of the human upper respiratory tract since previously unknown viruses infecting this portion of the human body had not been identified in 20 years, and their unique characteristics stimulated investigations into the biochemical events essential for replication of animal viruses. Indeed, the field of molecular virology has evolved during the period since their dis covery, and adenoviruses have played a major role in this development. The exciting discoveries made with adenoviruses have had such a pro found effect on knowledge in basic virology, molecular biology, viral ge netics, human and animal infections, and cell transformation that this seemed a propitious time to have some of the major contributors review this field. This volume pays tribute to the late Wallace Rowe, Robert Huebner, and Maurice Hilleman whose initial discoveries of adenoviruses have tremendously enriched virology. Harold S. Ginsberg vii Contents Chapter 1 An Overview 1 Harold S. Ginsberg Chapter 2 The Architecture of Adenoviruses M. V. Nermut I. Introduction ................................... . 5 II. Chemical and Physical Properties ................... . 6 III. Virus Capsid: Composition and Organization .......... . 7 A. Hexon ..................................... . 10 B. Penton .................................... . 12 C. Other Virus Polypeptides Associated with the Capsid 13 D. Organization of the Capsid ..................... . 14 IV. Virus Core .................................... . 15 A. Evidence for the Core Shell ..................... . 17 B. Organization of the DNA-Protein Complex (Nucleoc- sid) ....................................... . 18 C. Tentative Model of the Adenovirus Nucleocapsid ... . 22 V. Model of the Adenovirion ......................... . 29 32 References .......................................... .

Download or read book Viruses of Fungi and Simple Eukaryotes written by Y. Koltin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-04-29 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viruses of Fungi and Simple Eukaryotes focuses on the developments in and experimental approaches to the study of fungi and simple eukaryotic viruses. Emphasizing molecular biology and genetics, the book provides the first comprehensive description of lower eukaryotic viruses. Featuring the work of more than 45 international authorities, the book includes more than 1,000 citations, numerous illustrations, tables, and micrographs. It discusses both retrovirus and reovirus systems in simple eukaryotes and examines how simple eukaryotes can serve as important models for research in eukaryotic molecular and cell biology. The book also covers a diverse group of RNA and DNA viruses, describes possible applications of fungi and simple eukaryotes to biotechnological, agricultural, and medicinal products, and explains the significance of lower eukaryotic viruses to biological control. Key topics covered include protein secretion and processing, nucleic acid enzymology, yeast biology, plant pathology, and human pathogenic yeast killer systems.

Download or read book Human Monkeypox written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biology of Poxviruses written by Samuel Dales and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, Biology of Poxviruses, marks our debut as editors of this well known series. We plan to continue the tradition of providing a forum for exten sive, critical reviews of individual virus groups, as exemplified by the present volume. But the pace of discovery is accelerating so rapidly that we feel the need to offer an additional format: volumes that contain collections of shorter, topical reviews on a group of related subjects. Such collections might cut across con ventional boundaries between virus groups, dealing, as an example, with a partic ular aspect of virus-cell interaction. Admittedly, this new format stretches the term "monograph" beyond the accepted definition, but we believe that we should pay that price to maintain the usefulness of the series as a medium of scientific communication. Whenever possible, we will enlist the aid of deputy editors to bring such col lections to fruition. As in the past, the editors and the publisher will welcome suggestions for topics and contributions.

Download or read book VIRUSES OF PROKARYOTES written by Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann and published by Springer. This book was released on 1987-10-31 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Plant Virus Infections written by Edouard Kurstak and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxonomy;non-enveloped RNA plant viruses;enveloped RNA plant viruses;elongated RNA plant viruses;DNA plant viruses;viroids of plants.

Download or read book Strains of Human Viruses written by Mirko Majer and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Papovaviridae written by Norman P. Salzman and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-10-31 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been more than twenty years since the isolation of polyoma virus and SV40, and the reports that they could produce tumors in animals and transformation of cells in culture. What was startling was that these biologic properties are associated with viruses that contain genetic in formation that is able to code for only five or six proteins. Since that time, investigations with these viruses have been in four principal areas. One major area of study has been on cells transformed by viruses that show altered growth properties and specify new viral and cellular proteins. Transformation studies have focused on the tumor (T) antigens that are specified by the virus and are required to initiate and to maintain the transformed state. Current studies on transformation are summarized in Chapter 4. The second broad area of investigation concerns replication of viruses during a lytic cycle of infection. T-antigens that are the hallmark of transformed cells are also expressed in cells that are lytically infected and are required for viral DNA replication and also function to alter rates of transcription of the early and late viral genes. Except for T-antigen, virus replication depends on the cellular enzymatic machinery and so the description of viral macromolecular synthesis has provided valuable insights into the cellular biosynthetic pathways. These studies are described in Chapters 1-3. The studies that have medical relevance concern JC and BK viruses and there is evidence of widespread exposure of human populations to these agents.

Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Baculoviruses written by Walter Doerfler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pathology caused by baculoviruses in insect popula­ tions was described centuries ago, notably in the larvae of insects such as the silkworm (Bombyx mori) which has been appreciated for the quality and beauty of its products. In the 1940s baculoviruses and their structure and physiolo­ gy were intensively investigated, particularly by Bergold's group in Tiibingen. The following decades saw excellent progress, laying a solid virological base for later investiga­ tions on the system. Further studies mushroomed in the 1970s with the advent of tissue culture systems for insect cells which eventually facilitated the molecular biological approach that came to the fore in the 1980 s. One of the reasons for pursuing research on the baculo­ virus system was the prospect of eventually using these vi­ ruses as insect pest control agents. While this practical as­ pect may appeal to many, molecular biologists had addi­ tional reasons to be interested in baculoviruses. Here was a large DNA viral genome, probably fraught with problems of replication and regulation that hopefully would open inroads into the molecular biology of interesting insect cell systems. In the days when genetechnology promises laurels, and after several virus systems had been skilfully exploited as highly efficient eukaryotic expression vectors, it came as no surprise that baculoviruses were also investigated in that respect. Indeed, the Autographa californica nuclear po­ lyhedrosis virus became a good vector. Insect cells also seem to collaborate in modifying and processing the gene­ technologically synthesized polypeptides.

Download or read book BIOLOGY OF BACULOVIRUSES written by Robert R. Granados and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.1 - Biological properties and molecular biology: Historical perspectives; Taxonomy and identification of baculoviruses; Ultrastructure of baculoviruses; In vivo infection and replication of baculoviruses; In vitro replication of baculoviruses; Baculovirus structural proteins and protein synthesis; Current developments in baculovirus serology; Persistent baculovirus infections; Specificity and safety of baculoviruses; Evolution of occluded baculoviruses; The genetics of baculoviruses; Organization and expression of the baculovirus genome; v.2 - Practical application for insect control: In vivo and in vitro bioassay methods for baculoviruses; In vivo production of baculoviruses; Cell culture methods for large-scale propagation of baculoviruses; Ecology and ens, chemical pesticides, and parasitoids; Formulation and application of baculoviruses; Use of baculoviruses in pest management programs; Registration of baculoviruses as pesticides; Practical factors influencing the utilization of baculoviruses as pesticides; Insect resistance to baculoviruses.