Download or read book The Making of a Social Disease written by David S. Barnes and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first English-language study of popular and scientific responses to tuberculosis in nineteenth-century France, David Barnes provides a much-needed historical perspective on a disease that is making an alarming comeback in the United States and Europe. Barnes argues that French perceptions of the disease—ranging from the early romantic image of a consumptive woman to the later view of a scourge spread by the poor—owed more to the power structures of nineteenth-century society than to medical science. By 1900, the war against tuberculosis had become a war against the dirty habits of the working class. Lucid and original, Barnes's study broadens our understanding of how and why societies assign moral meanings to deadly diseases.

Download or read book A Body Worth Defending written by Ed Cohen and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological immunity as we know it does not exist until the late nineteenth century. Nor does the premise that organisms defend themselves at the cellular or molecular levels. For nearly two thousand years “immunity,” a legal concept invented in ancient Rome, serves almost exclusively political and juridical ends. “Self-defense” also originates in a juridico-political context; it emerges in the mid-seventeenth century, during the English Civil War, when Thomas Hobbes defines it as the first “natural right.” In the 1880s and 1890s, biomedicine fuses these two political precepts into one, creating a new vital function, “immunity-as-defense.” In A Body Worth Defending, Ed Cohen reveals the unacknowledged political, economic, and philosophical assumptions about the human body that biomedicine incorporates when it recruits immunity to safeguard the vulnerable living organism. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s writings about biopolitics and biopower, Cohen traces the migration of immunity from politics and law into the domains of medicine and science. Offering a genealogy of the concept, he illuminates a complex of thinking about modern bodies that percolates through European political, legal, philosophical, economic, governmental, scientific, and medical discourses from the mid-seventeenth century through the twentieth. He shows that by the late nineteenth century, “the body” literally incarnates modern notions of personhood. In this lively cultural rumination, Cohen argues that by embracing the idea of immunity-as-defense so exclusively, biomedicine naturalizes the individual as the privileged focus for identifying and treating illness, thereby devaluing or obscuring approaches to healing situated within communities or collectives.

Download or read book Gut Feeling and Digestive Health in Nineteenth Century Literature History and Culture written by Manon Mathias and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-17 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the historical and cultural origins of the gut-brain relationship now evidenced in numerous scientific research fields. Bringing together eleven scholars with wide interdisciplinary expertise, the volume examines literal and metaphorical digestion in different spheres of nineteenth-century life. Digestive health is examined in three sections in relation to science, politics and literature during the period, focusing on Northern America, Europe and Australia. Using diverse methodologies, the essays demonstrate that the long nineteenth century was an important moment in the Western understanding and perception of the gastroenterological system and its relation to the mind in the sense of cognition, mental wellbeing, and the emotions. This collection explores how medical breakthroughs are often historically preceded by intuitive models imagined throughout a range of cultural productions.

Download or read book The New England Mind written by Perry MILLER and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The New England Mind: From Colony to Province, as well as its predecessor The New England Mind: The Seventeenth Century, Perry Miller asserts a single intellectual history for America that could be traced to the Puritan belief system.

Download or read book Utilization of Fish Waste written by Raul Perez Galvez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-21 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shortage of marine resources calls for the implementation of new technological processes for providing a better utilization of waste and by-products from fisheries and fish processing activities. Most of these by-products are currently used as raw materials for animal feed. It is estimated that their utilization in human foodstuffs, nutraceutic

Download or read book Scenes of Parisian Modernity written by H. Hahn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-23 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating the history of Paris with the history of consumption, the press, publicity, advertising and spectacle, this book traces the evolution of the urban core districts of consumption and explores elements of consumer culture such as the print media, publishing, retail techniques, tourism, city marketing, fashion, illustrated posters and Montmartre culture in the nineteenth century. Hahn emphasizes the tension between art and industry and between culture and commerce, a dynamic that significantly marked urban commercial modernity that spread new imaginary about consumption. She argues that Parisian consumer culture arose earlier than generally thought, and explores the intense commercialization Paris underwent.

Download or read book The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation written by Raymond B. Fosdick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its original publication in 1952, Fosdick's book has been the single most reliable treatment of one of the most important philanthropies in the United States and indeed the world. Fosdick served as president of the foundation for twelve years, from 1936 to 1948, when it was the largest grant-making endow-ment in the world. As Steven Wheatley notes in his valuable new introduction, in part The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation was intended as an instrument of institutional self-defense. When it was written, the foundation community was under mounting political attack from the right, and the book was meant to help balance the Scales by cataloging the foundation's good works. As a deliberate self-portrait, the book conceals as much as it reveals, while in the process it reveals a good deal about the author. Fosdick sees politics, like bureaucracy, as perhaps an avoidable problem and not an inevitable consequence of foundation activity. He sees foundations as engaging in the application of scientific, tech-nical, and organizational solutions to public problems through a ""venture cap-ital"" approach to discovering how to resolve them. Fosdick's ""higher ground"" approach became established philanthropic practice far beyond the Rockefeller Foundation. Consequently, this volume is significant as an institutional history as well as a charter for American foundations.

Download or read book Searching Eyes written by Amy L. Fairchild and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2007-11-07 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This history of public health service in the United States spans more than a century of conflict and controversy with the authors situating the tension inherent in public health surveilance in a broad social and political context.

Download or read book The Development Of Large Technical Systems written by Renate Mayntz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an outcome of the conference on the development of large technical systems held in Berlin in 1986. It focuses on the comparative analysis of the development of large technical systems, particularly electrical power, railroad, air traffic, telephone, and other forms of telecommunication.

Download or read book Poor and Pregnant in Paris written by Rachel G. Fuchs and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their attempt to cope with the daunting problems of poverty and pregnancy, poor women in nineteenth-century France struggled with their environment and in some respects helped shape it. Rachel Fuchs reveals who these women were and how they survived. With dramatic detail, and drawing on actual hospital records and court testimonies, Fuchs portrays poor women's childbirth experiences, their use of charity and welfare, and their recourse to abortion and infanticide as desperate alternatives to motherhood. Fuchs also provides a comprehensive description of philanthropic and welfare institutions, and outlines the relationship between the developing welfare state and official conceptions of womanhood. She traces the evolution of a new morality among policymakers in which secular views, medical hygiene, and a new focus on the protection of children replaced religious morality as a driving force in policy formation. Combining social, intellectual, and medical history, this study of poor mothers illuminates both class and gender relations in Paris and brings to light the connection between social policy and the way ordinary women lived their lives. Fuchs's book enriches contemporary debates about maternity leave, abortion rights, and national health care initiatives. Book jacket.

Download or read book Pr fecture de Police Commissions d hygi ne publique et de salubrit Instructions With an official form relating to the cleansing of insanitary dwellings written by France. Police and published by . This book was released on 1852 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fashioning the Bourgeoisie written by Philippe Perrot and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the middle of the century, men were prompted to disdain the decadent and gaudy colors of the pre-Revolutionary period and wear unrelievedly black frock coats suitable to the manly and serious world of commerce. Their wives and daughters, on the other hand, adorned themselves in bright colors and often uncomfortable and impractical laces and petticoats, to signal the status of their family.

Download or read book Transforming Paris written by David P. Jordan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Paris we know today, with its grand boulevards, its bridges and parks, its monumental beauty, was essentially built in only seventeen years, in the middle of the nineteenth century. In this brief period, whole neighborhoods of medieval and revolutionary Paris -- over-crowded, dangerous, and filthy -- were razed, and from the rubble a modern city of light and air emerged. This triumphant rebuilding was chiefly the work of one man, Baron Georges Haussmann, Napoleon III's Prefect of the Seine. It was Haussmann's task to assert, in stone, the power and permanence of Paris, to show the world that it was the seat of an empire of mythic proportions. To this end, he imposed grand visual perspectives, as when he transformed Napoleon I's Arc de Triomphe into a magnificent twelve-armed star from which radiated the broadest boulevards of Europe. Below ground, his modern sewer system became one of the wonders of the civilized world, eagerly toured by royalty and commoners alike. Haussmann's mandate was not only to create an impression of grandeur but to secure the city for better control by government. By creating formal spaces where there had previously been a maze of chaotic streets, Haussmann opened Paris to effective police control and thwarted the recurrent demonstration of its well-known revolutionary fervor. The determined and autocratic Haussmann imprinted rational order and bourgeois civility on the unruly city which had for so long simmered with riot and insurrection. Though he planted chestnut trees, installed gas lights, rebuilt the water supply, and improved transportation and housing, Haussmann's labors were (and remain) controversial. He forced tens of thousands of the poor from the center of the city, and destroyed significant parts of old Paris. But in this important new biography David Jordan reminds us that Haussmann was not immune to the charms of the old city. By leaving some areas intact, the Baron achieved the grand effect of implanting a modern city boldly within an ancient one. Here, at last, Haussmann's labors are given the aesthetic as well as the historical appreciation they deserve.

Download or read book Housing the Poor of Paris 1850 1902 written by Ann-Louise Shapiro and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second half of the nineteenth century, when Paris became a modern urban center, the problem of working-class housing emerged as a major issue. In this study Ann-Louise Shapiro examines the reform activites of philanthropists, economist, municipal authorities, politicians, and public hygienists as they, together and separately, responded to the quesitons of the worker's foyer. Shapiro shows that the hgousing cmapign touched all aspects of the "the social question." providing a rare perspective on the political, social, and institutional readjustments required by a changing urbgan environment in nineteenth century France. Shapiro's work will prove important reading for students and scholars of French history, urban society and government, and public health issues.

Download or read book Planning Paris Before Haussmann written by Nicholas Papayanis and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2004-10-13 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Download or read book The Urbanization of Opera written by Anselm Gerhard and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do so many operas end in suicide, murder, and death? Why do many characters in large-scale operas exhibit neurotic behaviors worthy of psychoanalysis? Why are the legendary grands operas - much celebrated in their time - so seldom performed today?

Download or read book The Historiography of Modern Architecture written by Panayotis Tournikiotis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-02-27 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of modern architecture as constructed by historians and key texts. Writing, according to Panayotis Tournikiotis, has always exerted a powerful influence on architecture. Indeed, the study of modern architecture cannot be separated from a fascination with the texts that have tried to explain the idea of a new architecture in a new society. During the last forty years, the question of the relationship of architecture to its history—of buildings to books—has been one of the most important themes in debates about the course of modern architecture. Tournikiotis argues that the history of modern architecture tends to be written from the present, projecting back onto the past our current concerns, so that the "beginning" of the story really functions as a "representation" of its end. In this book the buildings are the quotations, while the texts are the structure. Tournikiotis focuses on a group of books by major historians of the twentieth century: Nikolaus Pevsner, Emil Kaufmann, Sigfried Giedion, Bruno Zevi, Leonardo Benevolo, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, Reyner Banham, Peter Collins, and Manfredo Tafuri. In examining these writers' thoughts, he draws on concepts from critical theory, relating architecture to broader historical models.