Download or read book Poverty in the Brazilian Amazon written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty in the Brazilian Amazon written by Dorte Verner and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The states in the Brazilian Amazon have made progress in reducing poverty and improving social indicators in the last decade. Despite this progress, the poverty rate in the Amazon is among the highest in Brazil. As of 2000, rural poverty is the greatest challenge. In Par?, not only is the headcount poverty rate of 58.4 percent in rural areas more than 55 percent higher than headcount poverty in urban areas, but also poverty is much deeper in rural areas. The fall in infant mortality and adult illiteracy corroborate the improvement in measured income poverty. Census data from 2000 and 1991 reveal that more people left Par? than came to live in the state during the 1970s, the opposite of the 1980s. In 2000, the Gini coefficient for Par?, as in the Amazon as a whole, was 0.60. The poverty profile reveals that indigenous peoples experience a higher poverty incidence than other groups. Census 2000 data reveal that living in rural areas in Par? does not by itself affect the probability of being poor. Individual and household characteristics are more important than geographical location. The largest statistical differences in poverty reduction between rural and urban areas are found in the effect of education, sector of employment, gender, and family size. PNAD data from 2001 reveal that living in urban areas in Par? does not by itself affect the probability of falling below the poverty line in urban areas in Brazil. The strongest poverty correlates are education, experience, race, rural location, gender, and labor market association.
Download or read book Poverty in the Brazilian Amazon written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty Dynamics Ecological Endowments and Land Use Among Smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Balancing Act for Brazil s Amazonian States written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2023-01-11 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social deprivations coincide with vast deforestation in Brazil's Legal Amazon, or Amazônia. Poverty reduction and sustainable development require renewed efforts to protect the region's exceptional natural wealth, coupled with a shift from an extractive to a productivity-oriented growth model.
Download or read book Balancing Agricultural Development and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon written by Andrea Cattaneo and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, federal policies promoting migration and encouraging agricultural development of large farms, logging, and ranching have led to the deforestation of vast areas of the Amazon rainforest.Though these policies have largely been replaced, deforestation continues. What effects do current macroeconomic and regional policies and events have on deforestation and on the well-being of settlers on the agricultural frontier? This report identifies the links between the agriculture and logging sectors in the Amazon, economic growth, poverty alleviation, and natural resource degradation in the region and in Brazil as a whole.It considers the effects of currency devaluation, building roads and other infrastructure in the Amazon, property rights, adoption of technological change, and fiscal incentives and disincentives to deforest.The results are sometimes counterintuitive, but shed new light on why slowing deforestation is so difficult and on the trade-offs between environmental and economic goals.
Download or read book From Inside Brazil written by Vinod Thomas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil faces important issues as to whether and how socio-economic and political reforms will be pursued with urgency and staying power. This book presents a strong agenda and action plan to achieve for Brazil both economic growth and improved welfare for its citizens.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Poverty and Its Determinants written by Norbert M. Fiess and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the northeast region of Brazil, the poverty picture of the past two decades reveals large fluctuations in the poverty level and poverty depth. Findings based on the Brazilian annual household survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Amostra Domiciliar, PNAD) datasets from 1981-99 reveal that individual characteristics such as education, experience, and labor market association of the household head are important correlates of poverty. Taking these into account, data reveal that a Nordestino (northeasterner) is 24 percentage points more likely to fall below the indigent poverty line than other Brazilians. Analyses also reveal large differences in poverty levels by education, and these differences have increased over time. Fiess and Verner observe that the probability of being poor is decreasing with increasing educational attainment. The gender of the household head does not matter for poverty, according to the poverty profile. But when the authors control for education and other individual characteristics, female-headed households have a much larger likelihood of being poor than male-headed households. Household size also matters for poverty. Larger households are more likely to experience poverty than smaller households, and the effect is concave. Moreover, households with children under age 5 appear more likely to fall below the poverty line than families with no children below age 5. The presence of old-aged people (above 65 years) in the household is an important factor contributing to poverty reduction. This paper--a joint product of the Office of the Chief Economist and the Social Development Family, Latin America and the Caribbean Region--is part of a larger effort in the region to better understand poverty and its determinants in Brazil.
Download or read book Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil written by Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a country of sharp disparities. The gap between the richest and the poorest citizens is one of the largest in the world. Inequality in Brazil is well-known, but its low mobility is not. Until now, few studies have sought to investigate how forms of social exclusion constrain socioeconomic mobility. Why do particular groups remain excluded and trapped in poverty for generations? What do Brazilians themselves think about income inequality and social mobility? This study explores these issues, provides a set of options to redress them, and promotes a national dialogue for action. In addi.
Download or read book At the End of the Rainbow written by Gordon MacMillan and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the 1980s, a combination of widespread poverty and favorable gold prices encouraged hoards of wildcat miners to penetrate some of the Amazon's rainforest headwaters in search of new deposits. Now, hundreds of makeshift camps threaten the future of both the rainforest and the indigenous people who inhabit it. This book explains how gold fever came to grip the Amazon and considers the changes it has brought to the region. It contains a vivid account of the violent clash between forty thousand miners and the Yanamami Indians in the state of Roraima, as well as thoroughly researched arguments that explore the perspectives of the farmers, ranchers, natives, and others involved in this historic moment.
Download or read book Welfare Inequality and Resource Depletion written by Mariano Torras and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Download or read book Rural Poverty Alleviation in Brazil written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty Reduction without Economic Growth Explaining Brazil s Poverty Dynamics 1985 2004 written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Brazil's slow pace of poverty reduction over the last two decades reflects both low growth and a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Using GDP data disaggregated by state and sector for a twenty-year period, this paper finds considerable variation in the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth-across sectors, across space, and over time. Growth in the services sector was substantially more poverty-reducing than was growth in either agriculture or industry. Growth in industry had very different effects on poverty across different states and its impact varied with initial conditions related to human development and worker empowerment. The determinants of poverty reduction changed around 1994: positive growth rates and a greater (absolute) elasticity with respect to agricultural growth contributed to faster poverty reduction. But because there was so little of it, economic growth played a relatively small role in accounting for Brazil's poverty reduction between 1985 and 2004. The taming of hyperinflation (in 1994) and substantial expansions in social security and social assistance transfers, beginning in 1988, accounted for a larger share of the overall reduction in poverty.
Download or read book Poverty and Democracy written by Dirk Berg-Schlosser and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2003-06-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Mamirau Sustainable Development Reserve Brazil written by Izabella Koziell and published by IIED. This book was released on 2006 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty in Brazil What Role Do Racial Differences Play written by Sarah Elisabeth Schmelzer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: A-, University of Sussex, 35 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The thesis examines the role of race in explaining Brazilian poverty and also analyses the correlates of poverty in Brazil in 2002. It thus provides an actual poverty profile of the Brazilian population with focus on its racial dimension. The thesis is based on large cross-sectional household survey data, the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic lios (PNAD) data sets, and applies best practice techniques of distributional analysis to micro-data.
Download or read book Brazil Poverty and Equity Assessment written by World Bank Group and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2020, Brazil was about to face socioeconomic disruptions of historical proportions. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has broken several undesirable Brazilian records. First, the pandemic wreaked an enormous direct human toll, sickening millions and causing the death of 195,441 Brazilians in 2020 and 619,056 in 2021. Second, the Brazilian economy experienced its worst contraction in recorded history, with real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita growth in 2020 at -4.7 percent (compared to the previous record of -4.4 percent in 2015). Third, COVID-related closures and other measures led to a massive, unprecedented exit of workers, with an estimated 10 million people leaving the labor force between the third quarter of 2019 and the third quarter of 2020. Employment opportunities were scarce for those who remained in the labor force, with the unemployment rate standing at 14.6 percent in the third quarter of 2020. Many individuals at the bottom of the income distribution work in precarious jobs and lack a resilient source of income, forcing them to rely on public transfers during the pandemic. The significant progress in Brazilian households' welfare in the 2000-2010 decade responded mainly to labor market dynamics. Between December 2003 and December 2014, formal employment grew on average 5 percent annually, outpacing annual GDP growth of 3.5 percent (Campos and Souen 2017). Increases in the minimum wage (Cord, Genoni, and Rodriguez-Castelan 2015) and a surge in skills (including more highly skilled labor among the vulnerable) contributed positively to the increase in welfare. Still, a significant share of Brazilian workers has remained informal or not protected by the National Social Security System (INSS). When economic shocks hit Brazil, the labor market outcomes of low-income individuals are the first to be affected. Thus, income effects for the poorest are strongly correlated with the rollout of social protection cash transfers. The Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) decreased its coverage in the years following the 2014 crisis when Brazil's poverty rate was increasing. Meanwhile, the widespread coverage of the Auxilio Emergencial program in 2020 contributed to the decrease of national poverty rates. Other income groups can weather economic shocks much better. People in middle of the income distribution maintain their steady pensions, and the richest Brazilian recover quickly thanks to savings, wealth, and accumulated assets that help them to adapt.
