Download or read book Poverty and Vulnerability in the Ethiopian Lowlands written by U.K. Department of International Development and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study responds to a request in March 2018 by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation (MoFEC), to the World Bank and Department for International Development (DfID) to carry out a study of the lowlands with a view to strengthening the resilience of lowland populations to external shocks. This overview synthesizes the nine self-standing chapters of the report that examine different dimensions of poverty, vulnerability, and resilience to shocks in the Ethiopian lowlands. To identify a policy agenda fostering resilience in the lowlands, the report adopts an analytical framework with three main features. First, the livelihood system of the population in the lowlands is examined in detail for the purpose of providing a better understanding of the patterns of behavior observed and the factors that are associated with the prevalence of poverty at a given point in time and changes in poverty over time. Second, a distinction is made between the poverty status of a household at a given point in time and the vulnerability of a household to poverty, which is about the likelihood of a household being poor in the future. Third, emphasis is placed on understanding the different sources of household vulnerability in the lowlands, how these sources of vulnerability have evolved over time, and how the capacity of households to cope with changes has evolved.
Download or read book Quantifying Vulnerability to Poverty in the Drought Prone Lowlands of Ethiopia written by Emmanuel Skoufias and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A forward-looking measure of "vulnerability to poverty" is estimated and a concerted effort is made to understand the sources of vulnerability in the drought-prone lowlands of Ethiopia. Using the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey and the Welfare Monitoring Survey of 2016, the analysis reveals that vulnerability is remarkably higher in the drought-prone lowlands than in the other ecological zones, although differences in poverty rates are modest; the vulnerability rate is more than two times larger than the poverty rate in the lowlands, while the ratio is only 1.6 for the whole country. The analysis also reveals important distinctions in the sources of vulnerability. In the drought-prone lowlands: (i) vulnerability due to aggregate shocks such as droughts is lower than vulnerability due to idiosyncratic shocks in absolute terms, but its relative importance is higher compared with other ecological zones; and (ii) poverty-induced vulnerability is relatively more important than risk-induced vulnerability in contrast to other regions where risk-induced vulnerability is higher than poverty-induced vulnerability. These findings attest to the unique nature of the drought-prone lowlands compared with the other agroecological zones and points in favor of policies and programs tailored specifically to the areas.
Download or read book Rural Household Poverty and Vulnerability in Ethiopia written by Abrham Seyoum Tsehay and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Livelihood and Urban Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia written by Tegegne Gebre-Egziabher and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2011 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international development policy agenda is currently dominated by the theme of poverty reduction. The theme has been vigorously pursued by multilateral donors, such as The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank, and others. Their assistance has also been tuned to pro-poor policy frameworks. Poverty, however, is understood mainly to be a rural phenomenon. This is based on the fact that rural poverty is widespread and pervasive and affects a large segment of the population since the majority of people in less developed countries reside in rural areas. There is, however, an increasing trend of urban growth and with it urban poverty all over the world. In Ethiopia urban poverty, in comparison to rural poverty and national level poverty, has increased over time. This has necessitated urban poverty reduction as an important area of intervention in urban development and planning. The objective of this study is to understand the livelihood situations of the poor in big and small towns, and identify the gaps and linkages between the livelihood requirements of the poor and policies at municipal level. The study was conducted in nine cities and towns of the country, including the capital city.
Download or read book Analysis of Poverty and Vulnerability to Poverty written by Alemi Negassa Muleta and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study has tried to examine the extent of poverty of female-headed households by the way of making comparisons with their male counterparts in rural Ethiopia. It further looks through the determinants of poverty in female headed households. It is based on the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey from 1999-2009. Using the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices, the descriptive analysis of poverty indices revealed that female-headed households are poorer than male-headed households. To further investigate the determinants of female headed household's Logit model was estimated. Based on the estimation result variables such as educational attainment of the head, household size, total livestock owned as measured in total livestock unit and land holding are found to be the key determinants of poverty for female headed households. Gender-sensitive poverty alleviation policies that enhance endowments such as those that increase livestock ownership, land productivity, education level, and ability to control fertility should be the key ingredients of a poverty reduction strategy in rural Ethiopia.
Download or read book Analysis of Poverty and Vulnerability in Rural Oromiya Ethiopia written by Dereje Deressa and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important goal for development efforts in developing countries like Ethiopia is to reduce poverty. Poverty in Ethiopia has been described as mostly a rural phenomenon. Though over the past decade Ethiopia has made significant strides in improving the living standards of its citizens, an increasingly large number of men and women are unable to move out of poverty because of a deteriorating asset base, inappropriate policies, institutions and processes. The vulnerability to poverty of households in the region is also found to be high as a substantial share of those currently above the poverty line are highly vulnerable to poverty in the future. Therefore ex ante measures to prevent households from becoming poor as well as ex post measures to alleviate those already in poverty should be combined in evaluating poverty reduction strategies.
Download or read book Vulnerability of Ethiopian Rural Households to Poverty written by Habtamu Fuje and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marginality written by Joachim von Braun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-08-19 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a new approach on understanding causes of extreme poverty and promising actions to address it. Its focus is on marginality being a root cause of poverty and deprivation. “Marginality” is the position of people on the edge, preventing their access to resources, freedom of choices, and the development of capabilities. The book is research based with original empirical analyses at local, national, and local scales; book contributors are leaders in their fields and have backgrounds in different disciplines. An important message of the book is that economic and ecological approaches and institutional innovations need to be integrated to overcome marginality. The book will be a valuable source for development scholars and students, actors that design public policies, and for social innovators in the private sector and non-governmental organizations.
Download or read book Vulnerability to Drought and Food Price Shocks written by Ruth Vargas Hill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the measurement and determinants of poverty have been widely studied, vulnerability, or the threat of future poverty, has been more difficult to investigate due to data paucity. This paper combines nationally representative household data with objective drought and price information to quantify the causes of vulnerability to poverty in Ethiopia. Previous estimates have relied on self-reported shocks and variation in outcomes within a survey, which is inadequate for shocks such as weather and prices that vary more across time than space. Historical distributions of climate and price shocks in each district were used to simulate the probable distribution of future consumption for individual households; these were then used to quantify vulnerability to poverty. The analysis shows that many Ethiopians are unable to protect their consumption against lack of rainfall and sudden increases in food prices. A moderate drought causes a 9 percent reduction in consumption for many rural households, and high inflation causes a 14 percent reduction in the consumption of uneducated households in urban areas. Vulnerability of rural households is considerably higher than that of urban households, despite realized poverty rates being fairly similar. This finding reflects that the household survey in 2011 was conducted during a year of good rainfall but rapid food price inflation. The results highlight the need for caution in using a snapshot of poverty to target programs, as underlying rates of vulnerability can be quite different from the poverty rate captured at one point in time. The results also suggest that significant welfare gains can be made from risk management in both rural and urban areas.
Download or read book The Rain Doesn t Come on Time Anymore written by Senait Regassa and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate variability in Ethiopia is not new, its diverse agro-ecological zones have brought a dazzling variety of micro-climates, and corresponding weather patterns, and people have developed ways to respond successfully to these challenges. But now, in addition to the usual struggles, Ethiopians living in poverty are additionally suffering the effects of climate change, both more variable climate and more extreme weather events. Women, men, families, and whole communities are struggling with how to understand this new variability, identify new patterns, and establish what resources they need to be able to move beyond reacting and coping to adapting to the new realities and being resilient. Policy makers, likewise, face the daunting challenge of how to refine policies, especially investments in and related to agriculture, to focus on poverty and vulnerability reduction in context of the new realities of climate change. As established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other studies, climate change will continue to increase variability in weather patterns and make them more extreme. Variability means that it is harder for families and communities to predict the ever-changing, inconsistent weather. For now, this means that the little that they have goes to dealing with the current unpredictable weather because their livelihoods are so dependent on it. When selling off assets becomes a means to cope, there is little left to plan for the future. Thus, communities are faced with simultaneously increasing climate variability, and with it increasing risk and vulnerability.
Download or read book Food Insecurity in Sub Saharan Africa written by Lisa C. Smith and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2006 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addressing the pervasive problem of hunger in the developing world, reliable information on food insecurity is essential for effectively targeting assistance, developing interventions, and evaluating progress. Yet arriving at an accurate and comparable measure of food insecurity remains a challenge. This report introduces new estimates of food insecurity based on food acquisition data collected as part of national household expenditure surveys (HESs). The report explores the extent and location of food insecurity, the scientific merit of estimates derived from HES food data, the differences between HES-based estimates and those reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and-ultimately-how HES data can be used to improve the accuracy of the FAO estimates currently used to monitor progress toward reducing hunger
Download or read book Farming and Famine written by Donald Crummey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians and scholars of Ethiopia have long struggled to understand the "Ethiopian Paradox": that is, how could Africa's most productive food production system, which sustained an extraordinary imperial culture over two millennia, also be home to periodic, gut-wrenching famine and rural poverty? Ethiopia in the late twentieth century has surpassed earlier icons of famine: China, India, Armenia, and Biafra. And yet, ironically, Ethiopia's highland culture also generated, and eventually exported, the iconic cuisine served in Ethiopian restaurants throughout the developed world, and in large cities in Africa itself. Donald Crummey argues that in the face of increasing environmental stress, Ethiopian farmers have innovated and adapted. In the process they have developed effective strategies for managing their environment--strategies too often ignored by conservation projects.
Download or read book Poverty and Famines written by Amartya Sen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1983-01-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of this book is on the causation of starvation in general and of famines in particular. The author develops the alternative method of analysis—the 'entitlement approach'—concentrating on ownership and exchange, not on food supply. The book also provides a general analysis of the characterization and measurement of poverty. Various approaches used in economics, sociology, and political theory are critically examined. The predominance of distributional issues, including distribution between different occupation groups, links up the problem of conceptualizing poverty with that of analyzing starvation.
Download or read book Africa s Demographic Transition written by David Canning and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa is poised on the edge of a potential takeoff to sustained economic growth. This takeoff can be abetted by a demographic dividend from the changes in population age structure. Declines in child mortality, followed by declines in fertility, produce a 'bulge' generation and a large number of working age people, giving a boost to the economy. In the short run lower fertility leads to lower youth dependency rates and greater female labor force participation outside the home. Smaller family sizes also mean more resources to invest in the health and education per child boosting worker productivity. In the long run increased life spans from health improvements mean that this large, high-earning cohort will also want to save for retirement, creating higher savings and investments, leading to further productivity gains. Two things are required for the demographic dividend to generate an African economic takeoff. The first is to speed up the fertility decline that is currently slow or stalled in many countries. The second is economic policies that take advantage of the opportunity offered by demography. While demographic change can produce more, and high quality, workers, this potential workforce needs to be productively employed if Africa is to reap the dividend. However, once underway, the relationship between demographic change and human development works in both directions, creating a virtuous cycle that can accelerate fertility decline, social development, and economic growth. Empirical evidence points to three key factors for speeding the fertility transition: child health, female education, and women's empowerment, particularly through access to family planning. Harnessing the dividend requires job creation for the large youth cohorts entering working age, and encouraging foreign investment until domestic savings and investment increase. The appropriate mix of policies in each country depends on their stage of the demographic transition.
Download or read book Vulnerable Livelihoods in Somali Region Ethiopia written by Stephen Devereux and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents an investigation into the causes and consequences of livelihood vulnerability in Somali Region, Ethiopia. People in this region, pastoralists, agro-pastoralists, farmers and traders, have suffered a series of livelihood shocks in recent years, some natural (droughts, livestock disease), others political (a crackdown on contraband trade, bans by Gulf states on livestock imports, violent conflict between (sub-)clans or between Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) militia and the state). As a result of these multiple shocks, and because rainfall in the Horn of Africa has been low in recent years, questions are being asked about the sustainability of pastoralism as a livelihood system, not only in Somali Region but throughout the Greater Horn of Africa.
Download or read book From Poverty to Power written by Duncan Green and published by Oxfam. This book was released on 2008 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a look at the causes and effects of poverty and inequality, as well as the possible solutions. This title features research, human stories, statistics, and compelling arguments. It discusses about the world we live in and how we can make it a better place.
Download or read book From Poverty to Famine in Northeast Ethiopia written by James McCann and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In From Poverty to Famine in Northeast Ethiopia, James McCann engages an interdisciplinary perspective to uncover the historical background to the persistence of famine in the northeast region of Ethiopia. His study focuses on the northern Wallo region, an area that was incorporated into Haile Selassie's modern state system and now one of the most devastated portions of the country. The history of northern Wallo and its position within the modern Ethiopian state is presented through an examination of the circumstances in which its rural population lived, farmed, and adapted to a changing physical environment and political economy between 1900 and 1935. This period also coincided with the most critical years of colonial Africa's incorporation into the world economy. McCann's employment of new field data calls into question previous studies of Africa, which have frequently identified ecological stress and famine as simply the products of capitalist development. What accounts for rural Ethiopia's vulnerability to famine, when it boasts one of Africa's most efficient traditional agricultural systems? To what extent have northern Ethiopian patterns of property, marriage, and ideology resisted or contributed to the overall impoverishment of the rural economy? The answers to these questions are found in McCann's careful examination of the historical, geographic, ecological, and demographic characteristics that have affected northern Wallo's systems of production. This comprehensive description of northern Wallo's historical experience is also instructive in terms of the nature of social change and continuity, and the persistence of famine throughout northern Ethiopia. From Poverty to Famine in Northeastern Ethiopia
