Download or read book Poverty and Markets in Brazil written by UN. ECLAC. and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rural Poverty Alleviation in Brazil written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Short Term Impact of COVID 19 on Labor Markets Poverty and Inequality in Brazil written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-05 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We document the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Brazilian labor market focusing on employment, wages and hours worked using the nationally representative household surveys PNAD-Continua and PNAD COVID. Sectors most susceptible to the shock because they are more contact-intensive and less teleworkable, such as construction, domestic services and hospitality, suffered large job losses and reductions in hours. Given low income workers experienced the largest decline in earnings, extreme poverty and the Gini coefficient based on labor income increased by around 9.2 and 5 percentage points, respectively, due to the immediate shock. The government’s broad based, temporary Emergency Aid transfer program more than offset the labor income losses for the bottom four deciles, however, such that poverty relative to the pre-COVID baseline fell. At a cost of around 4 percent of GDP in 2020 such support is not fiscally sustainable beyond the short-term and ended in late 2020. The challenge will be to avoid a sharp increase in poverty and inequality if the labor market does not pick up sufficiently fast in 2021.
Download or read book Wealth and Poverty in Contemporary Brazilian Capitalism written by Gustavo Moura de Cavalcanti Mello and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses contemporary capitalism from Brazil and from the Marxian critique of political economy, particularly; the co-dependency of wealth and poverty and of civilization and barbarism; the current tendency towards capital over-accumulation and the specific form assumed by the capitalist crisis in recent decades; the financialisation process of capital accumulation, its effects on the world of labour; and the place that the state assumes in this broad process. Current trends toward increasing social inequality, impoverishment of large sections of the population, precariousness of labour and rising unemployment, environmental destruction, the spread of austerity policies and the suppression of social policies, the rise of the far right (together with the strengthening of racism, misogyny, xenophobia, political and religious fanaticism and all manner of intolerance, etc.), low economic growth, the primacy of the financial dimension of capital accumulation, all need to be understood in their multiple and complex articulations, as fundamental and inherent elements of contemporary capitalism, associating empirical analysis with conceptual construction. Because they are strictly contradictory processes, a dialectical approach is required that reclaims the Marxian legacy, and aims to contribute to updating it, seeking to bring new and relevant elements to the Marxist debate, based on a specific interpretation of Marx's work, and as an immediate empirical basis the Brazilian reality.
Download or read book Poverty in the Brazilian Amazon written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rural Poverty Alleviation in Brazil written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This approach involves agricultural intensification in the small farm sector, dynamism in the commercial agricultural sector, rural non-farm employment stimulation, youth migration, and safety net provisions."--Jacket.
Download or read book From Inside Brazil written by Vinod Thomas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil faces important issues as to whether and how socio-economic and political reforms will be pursued with urgency and staying power. This book presents a strong agenda and action plan to achieve for Brazil both economic growth and improved welfare for its citizens.
Download or read book Social Exclusion and Mobility in Brazil written by Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a country of sharp disparities. The gap between the richest and the poorest citizens is one of the largest in the world. Inequality in Brazil is well-known, but its low mobility is not. Until now, few studies have sought to investigate how forms of social exclusion constrain socioeconomic mobility. Why do particular groups remain excluded and trapped in poverty for generations? What do Brazilians themselves think about income inequality and social mobility? This study explores these issues, provides a set of options to redress them, and promotes a national dialogue for action. In addi.
Download or read book Welfare Inequality and Resource Depletion written by Mariano Torras and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book breaks new ground by accounting for the welfare implications of both severe inequality and environmental degradation and developing a sustainable development indicator that incorporates changes over time in each of these dimensions. The model is applied to data from Brazil spanning the 1965 -1998 period. The book's findings cast significant doubt on the proposition that rapid economic growth in Brazil has resulted in comparable welfare gains. The evidence presented more generally illustrates the often unsustainable nature of rapid GDP growth phases, as well as the general unreliability of GDP growth as an indicator of well-being improvement. The specific policy implication is that Brazil should discontinue - or at least severely curtail - the regressive and resource intensive economic policies it has followed in recent decades in the interest of welfare improvement not only for the poorer groups in society, but for future generations of Brazilians as well.
Download or read book The Logic of Poverty written by Simon Mitchell and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1981, The Logic of Poverty consists of eight essays that share at least one assumption: that Northeast Brazil provides a startling example of inhumane economic development. The contributors have all worked in the area, and know it at first hand. They look at rural structure and the role of the unemployed ‘reserve army’, the state of the sugar industry, the ineffectiveness of the irrigation schemes, the stagnation in the fishing sector, the lack of credit available to peasants and the role of SUDENE, the first development agency in the region. Together they paint a picture of poverty and of the factors that allow it to continue, and they place that poverty in the context of the wider economy of Brazil, relating it to the extraordinary transformation that has been called ‘the Brazilian miracle’. This book will be of interest to students of geography, anthropology, economics and sociology.
Download or read book Labor Market and Poverty in Brazil written by Ricardo Paes de Barros and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates if the responsibility of the poverty level registered in Brazil is the poor operation of the labor market, in terms of underremuneration and underutilization of the labor factor. By means of a microsimulation based decomposition of distributional changes we assess the impact on the degree of poverty of unemployment, segmentation, and discrimination. In order to estimate the effect of these labor market imperfections on poverty, it was necessary, first, to define precisely the concepts of unemployment, segmentation and discrimination. Secondly, it was necessary to define how an ideal situation where human resources are properly used and remunerated would look like, given the prevailing macroeconomic conditions. It was found that, if the conditions of the average segment of the Brazilian labor market were extended to all segments, the effect on poverty would not be very significant (the average income gap would drop from the observed 12.1% to 9,6%). Even if this condition were extended only to those below the mean, the effect on poverty would not be so higher (P1 would drop to 8,1%). Among the items of the effect of underremuneration and underutilization of labor, it is worth mentioning that the effect of unemployment is extremely limited in absolute terms, although in relative terms it is the major effect on poverty.
Download or read book Evaluation of the Brazilian Fome Zero and the Mexican Oportunidades Anti hunger Programs as Strategies to Improve Food Security written by Julia Bultmann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: 1,3, Cologne University of Applied Sciences (The present paper evaluates the two approaches Fome Zero and Oportunidades of Brazil and Mexico as strategies to improve food security. The analysis shows that various significant differences but also similarities exist in the structures of both countries), language: English, abstract: The present paper evaluates the two approaches Fome Zero and Oportunidades of Brazil and Mexico as strategies to improve food security. The analysis shows that various significant differences but also similarities exist in the structures of both countries. The Brazilian strategy, which was established in 2003, achieved exemplary good results in the fight against hunger and poverty because the food security strategy combines structural with emergency policies and includes various approaches in order to strengthen rural development. The extensive inclusion of family farmers for the supply of the national food demand keeps Brazil relatively independent from food imports and prevents the direct transmission of extreme international price fluctuations of essential food items to low-income households. The good result in poverty alleviation in Brazil caused a significant strengthening of the people’s purchasing power and thus provoked an economic growth in recent years which exceeds the capacities of the prevailing infrastructure and leads to a high demand of natural resources. This current situation provokes an unsustainable development. Mexico’s joining of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 confronted millions of farmers with cheap, subsidized corn which is imported from the United States. This situation weakened the agricultural food production in Mexico and caused a dependency on international food products. Extreme price shocks provoked a considerable increase in national poverty rates in recent years, especially among rural farmers. The government’s efforts in poverty alleviation by the establishment of the Targeted and Conditional Cash Transfer Program (TCCTP) Oportunidades in 1997 are insufficient, because this strategy principally suppresses the consequences of poverty but does not counteract its most important reasons. Additionally, in Mexico, overweight is not recognized in a sufficient manner as part of food insecurity. Furthermore, the country shows fundamental deficiencies in rural development and in the provision of adequate infrastructure. Finally, the country lacks of exit strategies and thus prevents low-income families from getting out of poverty. In the end, within this paper a framework of eight essential steps of a food security strategy was elaborated, which is considered not to be country-specific and therefore be useful on an international level.
Download or read book Poverty Reduction without Economic Growth Explaining Brazil s Poverty Dynamics 1985 2004 written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Brazil's slow pace of poverty reduction over the last two decades reflects both low growth and a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Using GDP data disaggregated by state and sector for a twenty-year period, this paper finds considerable variation in the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth-across sectors, across space, and over time. Growth in the services sector was substantially more poverty-reducing than was growth in either agriculture or industry. Growth in industry had very different effects on poverty across different states and its impact varied with initial conditions related to human development and worker empowerment. The determinants of poverty reduction changed around 1994: positive growth rates and a greater (absolute) elasticity with respect to agricultural growth contributed to faster poverty reduction. But because there was so little of it, economic growth played a relatively small role in accounting for Brazil's poverty reduction between 1985 and 2004. The taming of hyperinflation (in 1994) and substantial expansions in social security and social assistance transfers, beginning in 1988, accounted for a larger share of the overall reduction in poverty.
Download or read book Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil written by Maurizio Bussolo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small.
Download or read book Is Brazil the Green Giant of tomorrow written by Christoph Blepp and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Umweltwissenschaften, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: While the southeast with its powerful economic engines Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro prospers and inherits most of the countries industrial and financial muscle, states in the north and the northeast are still at a very low development level, some even at the level of Sub-Sahara nations.
Download or read book The Brazilian Economy written by Edmund Amann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Brazilian economy has long been defined by its enormous potential. Over the past 30 years, some of this has at last been realised. Latin America’s largest economy has rapidly risen in global importance while poverty at home has declined. Yet, despite periods of progress, Brazil remains prone to economic crisis. It is also beset with stubborn inefficiencies and income disparities. This book considers the structural challenges which will need to be overcome if Brazil is to break with the past and finally embark on a path of sustained, inclusive growth. This book aims to give the reader a clear knowledge of the nature of these structural challenges, why they exist and the effectiveness of attempts to overcome them. Through this, readers will gain a deep understanding of the contemporary Brazilian economy. The challenges discussed fall into three areas: those centring on competitiveness and the supply side, those arising from critical macroeconomic issues and those connected with environmental sustainability and social inclusion. This volume systematically examines each of these domains, highlighting such vital topics as export competitiveness, human capital formation, environmental policy and the role of financial market reform. Where appropriate, this book sets Brazil’s experience in an international comparative context. It points out that many of the challenges faced by Brazil are shared by other emerging economies. In this sense, the policy lessons which stem from this volume have broader international relevance. This book will be vital reading for all those seeking in-depth understanding of one of the world’s most important, yet troubled, economies. This readership is likely to include undergraduate and postgraduate students on development economics and Latin American area studies programmes, policymakers wanting an up-to-date and coherent analysis of Latin America’s largest economy, and financial professionals.
Download or read book Education and Its Poverty reducing Effects written by Dorte Verner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
