Download or read book Poverty and Inequality Among Farming Households written by Benjamin Asogwa and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty reduction strategies have been at the center stage of development programmes. Agriculture has been a central element of focus on poverty reduction strategy. Nigerian agriculture is dominated by small scale farmers who produce the bulk of food in the country. The vicious circle of poverty among these farmers largely accounts for unimpressive performance of the agricultural sector. Increasing growth in the agricultural sector is the most efficient means of alleviating poverty and generating long-term sustainable development. Resources must be used much more efficiently, with more attention paid to eliminating waste. The success in achieving broad-based economic growth depends largely on the ability to efficiently utilize the available resources. A very little empirical literature exists on the link between resource use efficiency and poverty reduction among farming households. This book, therefore, provides useful information on poverty and inequality among farming households. This book should help shed some light on the link between resource use efficiency and poverty reduction among farming households, and should be especially useful as a guide for poverty reduction policy.
Download or read book Nonfarm Income Inequality and Poverty in Rural Egypt and Jordan written by Richard H. Adams and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonfarm income has a greater impact on poverty and inequality in Egypt than in Jordan. In rural Egypt the poor receive almost 60 percent of their income from nonfarm sources, while in rural Jordan they receive less than 20 percent. The reason for this difference is land: in rural Egypt, agricultural land is very productive, but access is quite limited, and so the poor are "pushed" into nonfarm work; while in rural Jordan, land is not very productive and access is not highly prized. In both countries the best way to reduce poverty and inequality might be to focus on nonfarm unskilled labor.
Download or read book Agricultural Price Distortions Inequality and Poverty written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prices of farm products are crucial determinants of the extent of poverty and inequality in the world. The vast majority of the world s poorest households depend to a considerable extent on farming for their incomes, while food represents a large component of the consumption of all poor households. For generations, food prices have been heavily distorted by government policies in high-income and developing countries. Many countries began to reform their agricultural price and trade policies in the 1980s, but government policy intervention is still considerable and still favors farmers in high-income countries at the expense of many farmers in developing countries. What would be the poverty and inequality consequences of the removal of the remaining distortions to agricultural incentives? This question is of great relevance to governments in evaluating ways to engage in multilateral and regional trade negotiations or to improve their own policies unilaterally. 'Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and Poverty' analyzes the effects of agricultural and trade policies around the world on national and regional economic welfare, on income inequality among and within countries, and on the level and incidence of poverty in developing countries. The studies include economy-wide analyses of the inequality and poverty effects of own-country policies compared with rest-of-the-world policies for 10 individual developing countries in three continents. This book also includes three chapters that each use a separate global economic model to examine the effects of policies on aggregate poverty and the distribution of poverty across many identified developing countries. This study is motivated by two policy issues: first, the World Trade Organization s struggle to conclude the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, in which agricultural policy reform is, again, one of the most contentious topics in the talks and, second, the struggle of the developing countries to achieve their Millennium Development Goals by 2015 notably the alleviation of hunger and poverty which depends crucially on policies that affect agricultural incentives.
Download or read book Nonfarm Income Inequality and Land in Rural Egypt written by Richard H. Adams and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers interested in reducing poverty and improving income distribution in rural Egypt should focus on nonfarm income, which not only accounts for almost 60 percent of total income for the rural poor but also favorably affects income distribution. Nonfarm income is an inequality-reducing source of income in a land-scarce setting such as rural Egypt because inadequate land "pushes" poorer households out of agriculture and into the nonfarm sector.
Download or read book The Impact of Remittances on Rural Poverty and Inequality in China written by Nong Zhu and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Large numbers of agricultural labor moved from the countryside to cities after the economic reforms in China. Migration and remittances play an important role in transforming the structure of rural household income. This paper examines the impact of rural-to-urban migration on rural poverty and inequality in the case of Hubei province using the data of a 2002 household survey. Since remittances are a potential substitute for farm income, the paper presents counterfactual scenarios of what rural income, poverty, and inequality would have been in the absence of migration. The results show that, by providing alternatives to households with lower marginal labor productivity in agriculture, migration leads to an increase in rural income. In contrast to many studies that suggest the increasing share of non-farm income in total income widens inequality, this paper offers support for the hypothesis that migration tends to have egalitarian effects on rural income for three reasons: (i) migration is rational self-selection - farmers with higher agricultural productivities choose to remain in local agricultural production while those with higher expected return in urban non-farm sectors migrate; (ii) poorer households facing binding constraints of land shortage are more likely to migrate; and (iii) the poorest poor benefit disproportionately from remittances.
Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Download or read book Low Income Farm Households written by James P. Frawley and published by Combat Poverty Agency. This book was released on 2000 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was commissioned to review farm income support policy with a view to targeting resources at low income farm households. It sets out to analyze trends in farm household income, in particular, the nature and extent of low income farm households. It also aims to assess the factors underlying the emergence of the low income farm households and the effectiveness of farm income and general welfare policies in countering the lack of viability of the sector. In addition, it aims to outline possible reforms which would target public resources towards low income farm households, in light of Agenda 2000, the National Anti-Poverty Strategy, the Rural Development White Paper and other relevant policy initiatives.
Download or read book Nonfarm Income Inequality and Land in Rural Egypt written by Adams, Jr. (Richard H.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policymakers interested in reducing poverty and improving income distribution in rural Egypt should focus on nonfarm income - which not only accounts for almost 60 percent of total income for the rural poor but also favorably affects income distribution. Nonfarm income is an inequality-reducing source of income in a land-scarce setting such as rural Egypt because inadequate land pushes poorer households out of agriculture and into the nonfarm sector.The author uses household-level data from a nationally representative survey to analyze the impact of nonfarm income on income inequality in rural Egypt. After pinpointing the importance of nonfarm income to the rural poor, the author decomposes total rural income among five sources, nonfarm, agricultural, livestock, rental, and transfer.He shows that while nonfarm income represents the most important inequality-reducing source of income, agricultural income represents the most important inequality-increasing source.A 1 percent marginal increase in nonfarm income will cause the Gini coefficient of overall income to fall by 12.8 percent. But a 1 percent marginal increase in agricultural income will cause the Gini coefficient to rise by 15.8 percent. The reason for this difference has to do with land, which is distributed very unevenly in this study.Regression analysis of the determinants of income shows that land ownership is positively and statistically related to the receipt of agricultural income but has no statistical relationship to the receipt of nonfarm income.This leads the author to three conclusions:-If policymakers are interested in reducing poverty and improving income distribution in rural Egypt, they should focus on nonfarm income - which not only accounts for almost 60 percent of total income for the rural poor but also favorably affects income distribution.-Nonfarm income is an inequality-reducing source of income in a land-scarce setting such as rural Egypt because inadequate land pushes poorer households out of agriculture and into the nonfarm sector.-Agricultural income contributes most to rural income inequality because it is highly correlated with land ownership and with total rural income.This paper - a product of the Human Development Sector Group, Middle East and North Africa Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to identify the sources of income for the rural poor. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book The Impact of Remittances on Rural Poverty and Inequality in China written by Nong Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large numbers of agricultural labor moved from the countryside to cities after the economic reforms in China. Migration and remittances play an important role in transforming the structure of rural household income. This paper examines the impact of rural-to-urban migration on rural poverty and inequality in the case of Hubei province using the data of a 2002 household survey. Since remittances are a potential substitute for farm income, the paper presents counterfactual scenarios of what rural income, poverty, and inequality would have been in the absence of migration. The results show that, by providing alternatives to households with lower marginal labor productivity in agriculture, migration leads to an increase in rural income. In contrast to many studies that suggest the increasing share of non-farm income in total income widens inequality, this paper offers support for the hypothesis that migration tends to have egalitarian effects on rural income for three reasons: (i) migration is rational self-selection - farmers with higher agricultural productivities choose to remain in local agricultural production while those with higher expected return in urban non-farm sectors migrate; (ii) poorer households facing binding constraints of land shortage are more likely to migrate; and (iii) the poorest poor benefit disproportionately from remittances.
Download or read book Can Agricultural Households Farm Their Way Out of Poverty written by Gbemisola Oseni and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the determinants of agricultural productivity and its link to poverty using nationally representative data from the Nigeria General Household Survey Panel, 2010/11. The findings indicate an elasticity of poverty reduction with respect to agricultural productivity of between 0.25 to 0.3 percent, implying that a 10 percent increase in agricultural productivity will decrease the likelihood of being poor by between 2.5 and 3 percent. To increase agricultural productivity, land, labor, fertilizer, agricultural advice, and diversification within agriculture are the most important factors. As commonly found in the literature, the results indicate the inverse-land size productivity relationship. More specifically, a 10 percent increase in harvested land size will decrease productivity by 6.6 percent, all else being equal. In a simulation exercise where land quality is assumed to be constant across small and large holdings, the results show that if farms in the top land quintile had half the median yield per hectare of farms in the lowest quintile, production of the top quintile would be 10 times higher. The higher overall values of harvests from larger land sizes are more likely because of cultivation of larger expanses of land, rather than from efficient production. It should be noted that having larger land sizes in itself is not positively correlated with a lower likelihood of being poor. This is not to say that having larger land sizes is not important for farming, but rather it indicates that increasing efficiency is the more important need that could lead to poverty reduction for agricultural households.
Download or read book Poverty Inequality and the Non farm Economy written by Kai Mausch and published by Logos Verlag Berlin. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vietnam has become a showpiece in income poverty reduction in recent years. However, regional and provincial disparities remained high and in some cases even increased. With agricultural production being constantly faced with environmental hazards, rural non-farm jobs become a key component in poverty reduction strategies. The analysis at hand leads to the finding that besides generally known influential household characteristics, increased off-farm income shares, even in remote regions, increases household incomes and consumption asset holdings. Furthermore, inequality among households with higher shares of income apart from farming activities is less pronounced. Nevertheless, income structure is extremely volatile with respect to farm vs. non-farm incomes. It is shown that households that changed their income sources were worse off as compared to non-switching households. Therefore, company data were analyzed to identify bottlenecks in their growth that also hinders job creation. The companies in three provinces, although all of them are in Middle Vietnam and among the poorest of the Vietnamese provinces, have considerably different needs based on their history. Based on these differences a "one strategy fits all" solution on how to achieve increased investments and growth in remote provinces cannot be given due to the different needs and conditions.
Download or read book The State of Food and Agriculture 1998 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1998 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual report provides basic information on the global agricultural situation. A review of developments in food security opens this year's report, with new estimates on the proportion & number of undernourished people in the developing world. Also included is an analysis of the Asian financial crisis & its likely effects on agricultural production, trade, & food security. Special features include: an examination of the potential of rice fish farming; a chapter on rural non-farm income & employment; & a diskette housing time series data for nearly 150 countries, country groups, & regions in English, French, & Spanish. Recommended in: ALA's Guide to Reference Books.
Download or read book China in Transition written by Christian Böber and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In China, inequality in social welfare is of rising political concern. This case study analyzes the determinants of well-being of rural households in Hebei using a secondary panel data set (1986 to 2006). One key question is how well-being was affected by institutional changes in times of societal transition. Based on population grouping, the author analyzes poverty and income development. The study reveals impacts of new possibilities to provide labor outside the own farm on the allocation of households' labor time and the stability of full- and part-time farming over time. The assessments ground on agricultural household models, microeconomic concepts of labor allocation, and welfare theories. Different methodologies, e.g. inequality decomposition or hazard analysis, are applied.
Download or read book Poverty Inequality and Rural Development written by David Greenaway and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1994-07-12 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty alleviation is a major objective of development. More than a fifth of the world's population lives in absolute poverty, and the majority of the poor live in rural areas. This volume studies what can be done for alleviating rural poverty. Four chapters address the measurement of poverty and inequality, including the use of household expenditure surveys and intra-household income distribution. Evidence is presented for India, Mauritania, Cte d'Ivoire and China. Other chapters present case studies on strategies for rural development: provision of rural credit in Bangladesh and India; technical change in Philippine agriculture; contract farming in Thailand; and banana growers in the Windwards. The contributions introduce the problems of rural development and show that effective rural development is assisted by investment in education and secure access to credit; that equity is important for incentives but not directly related to poverty; and that technical and institutional reform are essential, but require careful design and implementation.
Download or read book Distortions to Agricultural Incentives written by Kym Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives' series focus on distortions to agricultural incentives from a global perspective.
Download or read book Effect of Income Diversification on Poverty Reduction and Income Inequality in Rural Nigeria written by Bola Amoke Awotide and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The desire to increase household income and insure against agricultural production risk has led rural households to increasingly diversify their income sources. Yet the potential roles of income diversification on poverty reduction particularly among the rural farmers have not been adequately examined in Nigeria. Therefore, in order to fill this gap and complement other studies on income diversification, this study examined the effect of income diversification on poverty reduction among the rice farming households in Nigeria. Using the primary data collected from 600 randomly selected smallholder rice farmers in Nigeria and adopting the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty measures the study observed that farmers that participated in Non-Farm Wage Employment (NFWE) were better off than those in the Farm Related Employment (FRE) and the Non-Farm Self Employment (NFSE). The findings of this study revealed that diversification of income should be given more focus and attention by policy makers in the efforts to reduce poverty among smallholder farmers in rural Nigeria. Farmers should be encouraged to participate more in farmers' organization, the issue of access to land in the rural areas should be thoroughly examined and gender equity in access to productive resources should also be looked into.
Download or read book The Impact of Remittances on Rural Poverty and Inequality in China written by Xubei Luo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large numbers of agricultural labor moved from the countryside to cities after the economic reforms in China. Migration and remittances play an important role in transforming the structure of rural household income. This paper examines the impact of rural-to-urban migration on rural poverty and inequality in the case of Hubei province using the data of a 2002 household survey. Since remittances are a potential substitute for farm income, the paper presents counterfactual scenarios of what rural income, poverty, and inequality would have been in the absence of migration. The results show that, by providing alternatives to households with lower marginal labor productivity in agriculture, migration leads to an increase in rural income. In contrast to many studies that suggest the increasing share of non-farm income in total income widens inequality, this paper offers support for the hypothesis that migration tends to have egalitarian effects on rural income for three reasons: (i) migration is rational self-selection - farmers with higher agricultural productivities choose to remain in local agricultural production while those with higher expected return in urban non-farm sectors migrate; (ii) poorer households facing binding constraints of land shortage are more likely to migrate; and (iii) the poorest poor benefit disproportionately from remittances.
