Download or read book Poverty and Charity in Aix en Provence 1640 1789 written by C. C. Fairchilds and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty and Charity in Aix en Provence 1640 1789 written by Cissie C. Fairchilds and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1976. This book is a study of the charitable institutions of one French town, Aix-en-Provence. It begins with their foundation during the Counter-Reformation and ends with their dissolution during the Revolution. It details the impulses behind their foundation and describes how they were financed and administered. It also explores the lives of the people they helped. The study is based primarily on surviving records of the charities. These are the same sort of records that charitable institutions today accumulate: entrance registers, minutes of board meetings, account books, and fund-raising pamphlets. Records of the local and central government and court records were also consulted. One purpose of this study is to bring readers closer to the reality of the problem of poverty in Old Regime France. Another purpose is to historicize contemporary perceptions of poverty in the minds of French historical actors. Chapter 1 outlines the social and economic makeup of Aix-en-Provence. Chapter 2 deals with the attitudes and assumptions behind the foundation of the charities. Chapter 3 describes how the institutions were administered and financed, and the many important roles they played in the community at large. Chapter 4 describes the types of assistance available to the poor and the types of people who received it. Chapter 5 discusses the most important alternatives to charity for the needy—beggary and crime. After 1760, the traditional charities entered a period of decline. Both the economic and social realities of poverty, and popular perceptions of those realities, changed drastically after 1760. Flooded by increasing numbers of the poor, paralyzed financially because of declining donations and general mismanagement, repudiated by public opinion, and subject to increasing control by the state, the charities were ineffective and indeed almost moribund after 1760. Chapters 6 and 7 detail these developments.
Download or read book Poverty and Charity in Aix en Provence 1640 1789 written by Cissie Catherine Fairchilds and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty and Charity in Aix en Provence 1640 1789 written by Cissie Catherine Fairchilds and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty and Charity in the Jewish Community of Medieval Egypt written by Mark R. Cohen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What was it like to be poor in the Middle Ages? In the past, the answer to this question came only from institutions and individuals who gave relief to the less fortunate. This book, by one of the top scholars in the field, is the first comprehensive book to study poverty in a premodern Jewish community--from the viewpoint of both the poor and those who provided for them. Mark Cohen mines the richest body of documents available on the matter: the papers of the Cairo Geniza. These documents, located in the Geniza, a hidden chamber for discarded papers situated in a medieval synagogue in Old Cairo, were preserved largely unharmed for more than nine centuries due to an ancient custom in Judaism that prohibited the destruction of pages of sacred writing. Based on these papers, the book provides abundant testimony about how one large and important medieval Jewish community dealt with the constant presence of poverty in its midst. Building on S. D. Goitein's Mediterranean Society and inspired also by research on poverty and charity in medieval and early modern Europe, it provides a clear window onto the daily lives of the poor. It also illuminates private charity, a subject that has long been elusive to the medieval historian. In addition, Cohen's work functions as a detailed case study of an important phenomenon in human history. Cohen concludes that the relatively narrow gap between the poor and rich, and the precariousness of wealth in general, combined to make charity "one of the major agglutinates of Jewish associational life" during the medieval period.
Download or read book Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe written by Robert Jütte and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-03-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides an accessible and authoritative account of poverty and deviance during the early modern period, informed by those perspectives on the role of the poor themselves in the provision of welfare services characteristic of much recent social history. Robert Jütte shows how the notions of poverty and social deviance that preoccupied much contemporary thought saw their ultimate fruition in the systematic programmes for social welfare that emerged during the nineteenth century. Contrary to the once-traditional historical emphasis on the ameliorative role of individual reformers, Professor Jütte's account looks much more closely at the poor themselves, and the complex network of social and communal relationships they inhabited. He examines the lives not only of poor relief recipients but of the vast number of destitute individuals who had to find other means to stay alive, and how these people shaped their own patterns of survival within given communities.
Download or read book Children of the Laboring Poor written by Thomas Max Safley and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides fascinating new insights into the agency of the laboring poor in early modern Europe. Based on more than 5,000 biographical accounts of orphans in the city of Augsburg, it explores their responses to changing social and economic circumstances and their utilization of social institutions and mores.
Download or read book Beyond the Terror written by Gwynne Lewis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays is written by Richard Cobb's friends, and is dedicated to him.
Download or read book The Wanton Jesuit and the Wayward Saint written by Mita Choudhury and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This microhistory investigates the famous and scandalous 1731 trial in which Catherine Cadière, a young woman in the south of France, accused her Jesuit confessor, Jean-Baptiste Girard, of seduction, heresy, abortion, and bewitchment. Generally considered to be the last witchcraft trial in early modern France, the Cadière affair was central to the volatile politics of 1730s France, a time when magistrates and lawyers were seeking to contain clerical power. Mita Choudhury’s examination of the trial sheds light on two important phenomena with broad historical implications: the questioning of traditional authority and the growing disquiet about the role of the sacred and divine in French society. Both contributed to the French people’s ever-increasing disenchantment with the church and the king. Choudhury builds her story through an extensive examination of archival material, including trial records, pamphlets, periodicals, and unpublished correspondence from witnesses. The Wanton Jesuit and the Wayward Saint offers new insights into how the eighteenth-century public interpreted the accusations and why the case consumed the public for years, developing from a local sex scandal to a referendum on religious authority and its place in French society and politics.
Download or read book Bureaucrats and Beggars written by Thomas McStay Adams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1991-01-31 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-eighteenth century in France, the royal authorities launched a new campaign to sweep beggars from the streets, pinning their hopes on the creation of a uniform royal network of lock-ups in which anyone found begging might be detained. In this study, Adams probes the accomplishments and the failings of these so-called dépôts de mendicité, as seen by critics of the experiment (including learned judges and influential spokesmen of the provincial Estates) and as seen by those responsible for its success: the provincial intendants, the royal engineers, the doctors, the inspectors, the contractors, and various givers of advice. He shows how the debate--both internal and external--over the operation of the dépôts contributed to the intellectual ferment of the Enlightenment and the Revolution. The resulting web of reasoning and empirical data gave support to Montesquieu's principle that the state owes every one of its citizens "a secure subsistence, suitable food and clothing, and a manner of life that is not contrary to good health."
Download or read book French Society written by Sharon Kettering and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a "birds eye" view of social change in France during the "long seventeenth century" from 1589-1715. One of the most dynamic phases of French history, it covers the reigns of the first three Bourbon kings, Henri IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV. The author explores the upheavals in French society during this period through an examination of the bonds which tied various classes and groupings together: including rank, honour, and reputation; family, household and kinship; faith and the Church; and state and obedience to the King. Acting as a social glue against instability and fragmentation, in periods of great transformation some of these social solidarities are eroded whilst new ones emerge. Sharon Kettering shows how nuclear family ties emerged at the expense of extended kinship ties, while traditional rural ties were eroded by a combination of demographic crisis and agricultural stagnation. Urban ties of neighbourhood, sociability and work increased with rapid urbanisation. By 1715, France had become a more peaceful and civilised place, and this book discusses some of the reasons why.
Download or read book The Routledge History of Poverty c 1450 1800 written by David Hitchcock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge History of Poverty, c.1450–1800 is a pioneering exploration of both the lives of the very poorest during the early modern period, and of the vast edifices of compassion and coercion erected around them by individuals, institutions, and states. The essays chart critical new directions in poverty scholarship and connect poverty to the environment, debt and downward social mobility, material culture, empires, informal economies, disability, veterancy, and more. The volume contributes to the understanding of societal transformations across the early modern period, and places poverty and the poor at the centre of these transformations. It also argues for a wider definition of poverty in history which accounts for much more than economic and social circumstance and provides both analytically critical overviews and detailed case studies. By exploring poverty and the poor across early modern Europe, this study is essential reading for students and researchers of early modern society, economic history, state formation and empire, cultural representation, and mobility.
Download or read book Civic Charity in a Golden Age written by Anne Elizabeth Conger McCants and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the Amsterdam Municipal Orphanage as a window through which readers can see the start of profound social and economic changes in early modern Amsterdam, Civic Charity in a Golden Age explores the connections between the developing capitalist economy, the functioning of the government, and the provision of charitable services to orphans in Amsterdam during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the period of the city's greatest prosperity and subsequent decline. Anne McCants skillfully interprets details of the orphanage's expenditures, especially for food; its population; the work records of those who were reared there; and the careers of the regents who oversaw it. The establishment of the orphanage itself was called for by the changing economic needs of rapidly expanding commercial centers and the potential instability of a government that depended on taxes from a large, politically powerless segment of the population.
Download or read book Creating the Welfare State in France 1880 1940 written by Timothy Beresford Smith and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2003 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, Timothy Smith argues that although post-World War II politicians have attempted to take credit for the creation of the welfare state, the social reform movement in France actually grew out of World War I. Smith shows that French social spending before World War II was well above the European average and demonstrates that the present welfare state is based on a structure that already existed but was expanded and consolidated with great political fanfare during the 1940s. Smith shows that France's most important social legislation to date - providing medical insurance, maternity benefits, modest pensions, and disability benefits to millions of people - was passed in 1928 (and amended and put into practice in 1930). This law covered over 50 per cent of the population by 1940. Few other nations could have claimed this sort of social insurance success. As well, by 1937 the centuries-old public assistance residency requirements had been transferred from the local to the departmental (regional) level. France's success in introducing important social reforms may require us to rethink the common view of interwar France as a time of utter political, economic and social failure.
Download or read book Bastards written by Matthew Gerber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children born out of wedlock were commonly stigmatized as "bastards" in early modern France. Deprived of inheritance, they were said to have neither kin nor kind, neither family nor nation. Why was this the case? Gentler alternatives to "bastard" existed in early modern French discourse, and many natural parents voluntarily recognized and cared for their extramarital offspring. Drawing upon a wide array of archival and published sources, Matthew Gerber has reconstructed numerous disputes over the rights and disabilities of children born out of wedlock in order to illuminate the changing legal condition and practical treatment of extramarital offspring over a period of two and half centuries. Gerber's study reveals that the exclusion of children born out of wedlock from the family was perpetually debated. In sixteenth- and seventeenth-century France, royal law courts intensified their stigmatization of extramarital offspring even as they usurped jurisdiction over marriage from ecclesiastic courts. Mindful of preserving elite lineages and dynastic succession of power, reform-minded jurists sought to exclude illegitimate children more thoroughly from the household. Adopting a strict moral tone, they referred to illegitimate children as "bastards" in an attempt to underscore their supposed degeneracy. Hostility toward extramarital offspring culminated in 1697 with the levying of a tax on illegitimate offspring. Contempt was never unanimous, however, and in the absence of a unified body of French law, law courts became vital sites for a highly contested cultural construction of family. Lawyers pleading on behalf of extramarital offspring typically referred to them as "natural children." French magistrates grew more receptive to this sympathetic discourse in the eighteenth century, partly in response to soaring rates of child abandonment. As costs of "foundling" care increasingly strained the resources of local communities and the state, some French elites began to publicly advocate a destigmatization of extramarital offspring while valorizing foundlings as "children of the state." By the time the Code Civil (1804) finally established a uniform body of French family law, the concept of bastardy had become largely archaic. With a cast of characters ranging from royal bastards to foundlings, Bastards explores the relationship between social and political change in the early modern era, offering new insight into the changing nature of early modern French law and its evolving contribution to the historical construction of both the family and the state.
Download or read book Marriage and Fertility written by Theodore K. Rabb and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume the articles are primarily on European history, but their subject matter indicates the remarkable variety, both of the marriage and fertility patterns of past societies, and of the methods scholars have used to investigate them. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Charity and Power in Early Modern Italy written by Sandra Cavallo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-03-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first thorough study of charity, and medical and poor relief, in post-Renaissance Italy.
