Download or read book Potential Transgenerational Effects of Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia on the Olympia Oyster Ostrea Lurida written by Bryanda J. T. Wippel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean acidification (OA) is decreasing the pH of surface waters in Puget Sound, Washington, an area already prone to low pH from natural processes such as upwelling, freshwater inputs, and high respiration/decomposition rates. High rates of production and long residence times in Puget Sound can also lead to low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (hypoxia) in some areas. Studies have shown the negative effects of these stressors on marine organisms, particularly calcifiers. I examined how changes in pH and oxygen in seawater affect adult fecundity and larval survival of the native Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida). Through three discrete trials, I observed the following trends: Adult oysters conditioned at ~400 μatm released significantly more larvae than those conditioned at higher pCO2 levels ranging from 1000 to 2475 μatm pCO2. Larval survival decreased in two multi-stressor treatments when challenged with varying combinations of pCO2 and DO. Offspring of parents conditioned under high pCO2 experienced reduced survival when exposed to both high pCO2 and low DO (14.7% survival). In addition, progeny of adults conditioned under low pCO2 died when exposed to high pCO2 and high DO (22% survival). Our results suggest that elevated pCO2 negatively affects fecundity in O. lurida but that the synergistic effects of high CO2 and low DO on larval survival is more complicated than previously reported. Multigenerational, multi-stressor studies such as this are important in determining how species will respond to an environmental change in the ocean.
Download or read book The Adaptation and Response of Aquatic Animals in the Context of Global Climate Change written by Hongsheng Yang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic climate change has driven widespread changes in marine environments, including ocean warming, ocean acidification, and the formation of hypoxic zones. Such environmental changes would pose direct challenges to the survival and adaptation of aquatic organisms, greatly affecting the biodiversity of marine life and marine ecosystems. Changes in the marine environment are likely to have strong effects at the physiological, behavioral, and molecular levels, with implications at the individual, population, and species levels, resulting in the degradation of genetic resources through massive mortality. For example, the ingestion, digestion, respiration, and growth of aquatic animals were greatly depressed under extreme environments. In the long run, maintaining a sustainable ocean would require a better understanding of the adaptation of marine animals in response to the effects of multiple environmental stressors. The Research Topic is aimed to discuss the potential impacts of individual and compounded extreme environments on aquatic animals, as well as the regulatory mechanisms and adaptation strategies of marine species to cope with these impacts.
Download or read book Consequences of Global Change for Early Life Stages of the Olympia Oyster written by Annaliese Hettinger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nearshore marine environment is characterized by a multitude of natural and human-induced stressors. The interactive effects of stressors may complicate predicting ecological effects of global change on marine organisms. This dissertation focuses primarily on how altered seawater chemistry (ocean acidification), derived from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, interacts with other environmental factors to influence the early life stages of Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida). Initial laboratory experiments demonstrated that exposure of oyster larvae to high-CO2 caused lower growth rates and smaller size at settlement compared to individuals reared in ambient-CO2. Impacts were more pronounced a week after settlement, with juveniles exhibiting a larger decrease in shell growth rate compared to the negative effect on larval growth rate. The effects on juveniles arose regardless of the CO2 level oysters experienced as juveniles, indicating a strong carry-over effect from the larval phase. A combined laboratory and field approach addressed the duration of carry-over effects and how effects might be moderated in the natural environment. Juvenile oysters reared in laboratory cultures under ambient and high-CO2 as larvae were outplanted to field sites at two intertidal shore levels that differed in emersion time and temperature regime. Larval exposure to high-CO2 led to reduced growth in juveniles. Juveniles outplanted to the more stressful shore level also exhibited reduced growth compared to individuals in more benign conditions. Effects persisted halfway to reproductive age, the duration of the study. To determine if the negative effects from ocean acidification would be exacerbated or ameliorated in a low or high food environment, respectively, oyster larvae were reared at two CO2 and three food levels. Larval growth was reduced in low food and in elevated-CO2 conditions, but these factors operated additively, indicating that the effects of high-CO2 on growth did not depend on the food regime. Settlement was lower in elevated-CO2 conditions compared to ambient, and this was especially true in low food conditions. High food levels did not completely eliminate negative effects of high-CO2 on growth. A final experiment demonstrated that moderate temperature increases buffered larval and juvenile oysters from the damaging effects of high-CO2. Ocean acidification negatively impacts multiple early life history stages of Olympia oysters, and may contribute to substantial declines at the population scale. Responses are not uniform across the life cycle, and thus assessments of population responses to environmental perturbation must consider how effects propagate across life-history transitions.
Download or read book Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea Lurida But Not Crassostrea Gigas written by Shannon Buckham and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining Multigenerational Effects of Ocean Acidification on the Pacific Oyster written by Daniel Jacob Gillon and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management Recommendations for Restoration of the Degraded Olympia Oyster Ostrea Lurida Carpenter 1864 in Tomales Bay CA written by Carolyn M Gibson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research addresses the effective restoration of Olympia oyster populations in Tomales Bay, Marin County, California. Chapter 2 provides background information on the Tomales Bay estuary, regional history, and ecology of the Olympia oyster. Following this background discussion, each of the three aforementioned degraders of Olympia oyster populations in Tomales Bay is presented: ocean acidification (Chapter 3), sedimentation (Chapter 4), and invasive species (Chapter 5). Each of these issues creates numerous barriers that require the attention of resource protection managers. Chapter 6 presents overall Research Conclusions and Chapter 7 identifies management recommendations to effectively begin the restoration of the Olympia oyster in Tomales Bay. The Olympia oysters of Tomales Bay endured degradation and limitation due to centuries of human activities. Therefore, it is the responsibility of humans to address and manage the degrading factors. As a federally protected estuary, Tomales Bay enjoys certain protections and restrictions against environmentally harmful activities, but violators like ocean acidification, sedimentation, and invasive species cannot be fined or cited. The only solution to their detrimental impacts is for the National Marine Sanctuary Program, its partners and other resource conservation managers to target them at their sources. The Olympia oyster is a native foundation species whose presence improves the water quality and biodiversity of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, Olympia oyster restoration requires immediate consideration, and this document provides those first needed steps towards restoration.
Download or read book Response of Olympia Oysters Ostrea Lurida to Changing Environmental Conditions written by Jake Heare and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Olympia oyster is an iconic oyster species in the Pacific Northwest with special significance in Puget Sound, WA. Oyster populations in the region were decimated to historic lows during the 20th century due to a number of factors including overharvest, habitat loss, and invasive species. Restoration projects have seen limited success, likely due to the limited information on stock structure within Puget Sound, especially in regards to adaptive abilities and habitat suitability. Chapter one of this study investigates population related fitness measures (ie. mortality, growth, reproduction) within three resident populations from geographically isolated locations in Puget Sound. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment with Ostrea lurida populations from Fidalgo Bay, Dabob Bay, and Oyster Bay, we found that two of the three populations (Dabob Bay and Oyster Bay) express significant phenotypic signatures related to the population. Using this information we offer restoration strategies catered to population phenotypes in an effort to improve restoration projects in the Puget Sound. In Chapter two, we ran a thermal and mechanical stress experiment due to differences in mortality between populations observed in Chapter 1 to investigate expression of genes (via qPCR) related to survival. We found differences in expression related to gene transcription, which indicates possible phenotypic plasticity previously unknown in the study populations though further investigation is required.
Download or read book The Eastern Oyster written by Victor S. Kennedy and published by University of Maryland Sea Grant Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1966 Congress passed the National Sea Grant College Program Act to promote marine research, education, and extension services in institutions along the nation's ocean and Great Lakes coasts. In Maryland a Sea Grant Program -- a partnership among federal and state governments, universities, and industries -- began in 1977, and in 1982 the University of Maryland was named the nation's seventeenth Sea Grant College. The Maryland Sea Grant College focuses its efforts on the Chesapeake Bay, with emphasis on the marine concerns of fisheries, seafood technology, and environmental quality. The first comprehensive review of the biology of the eastern oyster in more than thirty years. The twenty-one chapters synthesize every aspect of oyster biology -- for instance, general anatomy, physiology, the circulatory system, reproduction, genetics, diseases -- and issues related to management and aquaculture.
Download or read book Echinoderm Larvae written by Herbert Clifton Chadwick and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics of Adaptation written by Rodney Mauricio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-20 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized "many slight differences" as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by "Mendelian geneticists", who emphasized the importance of "macromutations" in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits.
Download or read book Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast written by Megumi F. Strathmann and published by Seattle : University of Washington Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work is designed to provide background information on an array of northeastern Pacific marine invertebrate species so that they can be more easily included in comparative studies of morphology, cell biology, reproduction, embryology, larval biology, and ecology. It is meant to serve biologists who are new to the field as well as experienced investigators who may not be familiar with the invertebrate fauna of the northern Pacific Coast. The species discussed in this volume are mostly from the cold temperate waters of the San Juan Archipelago, near Puget SOund and the Strait of Georgia, but the information and methods given will be useful in laboratories from Alaska to central California and applicable to some extend in other coastal or inland facilities. An introductory chapter discusses basic prodcedures for collecting and maintaining mature specimens, for initiating spawning, and for culturing embryos and larvae in the laboratory. Subsequent chapters summarize reproduction and development in thirty different invertebrate groups and provided ercent references through which additional information can be traced, cite monographs or keys needed to identify species, and give methods useful for studying an array of selected species. Available information on habitat, diet, reproductive mode, egg size, developmental pattern, developmental times, larval type, and conditions for settlement and metamorphosis is reported for over 450 species.
Download or read book Bivalve Molluscs written by Elizabeth Gosling and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bivalve Molluscs is an extremely comprehensive book coveringall major aspects of this important class of invertebrates. As wellas being an important class biologically and ecologically, many ofthe bivalves are fished and cultured commercially (e.g. mussels,oysters, scallops and clams) in a multi-billion dollar worldwideindustry. Elizabeth Gosling who has a huge wealth of research, teachingand hands on experience working with bivalves, has written alandmark book that will stand for many years as the standard workon the subject. Chapters in Bivalve Molluscs covermorphology, ecology, feeding, reproduction, settlement andrecruitment, growth, physiology, fisheries, aquaculture, genetics,diseases and parasites, and public health issues. A fullunderstanding of many of these aspects is vital for all thoseworking in bivalve fisheries and culture. An essential purchase for anyone concerned with this importantclass of animals, copies of Bivalve Molluscs should be onthe shelves of biologists, ecologists, environmental scientists,fisheries scientists and personnel within the aquaculture industry.Copies of the book should be available in all libraries andresearch establishments where these subjects are studied ortaught. Elizabeth Gosling is based at the Galway-Mayo Instituteof Technology, Galway, Ireland.
Download or read book Nonnative Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-09 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonnative Oysters in the Chesapeake Bay discusses the proposed plan to offset the dramatic decline in the bay's native oysters by introducing disease-resistant reproductive Suminoe oysters from Asia. It suggests this move should be delayed until more is known about the environmental risks, even though carefully regulated cultivation of sterile Asian oysters in contained areas could help the local industry and researchers. It is also noted that even though these oysters eat the excess algae caused by pollution, it could take decades before there are enough of them to improve water quality.
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle written by Brian J. McPherson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 183. For carbon sequestration the issues of monitoring, risk assessment, and verification of carbon content and storage efficacy are perhaps the most uncertain. Yet these issues are also the most critical challenges facing the broader context of carbon sequestration as a means for addressing climate change. In response to these challenges, Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon Cycle presents current perspectives and research that combine five major areas: The global carbon cycle and verification and assessment of global carbon sources and sinks Potential capacity and temporal/spatial scales of terrestrial, oceanic, and geologic carbon storage Assessing risks and benefits associated with terrestrial, oceanic, and geologic carbon storage Predicting, monitoring, and verifying effectiveness of different forms of carbon storage Suggested new CO2 sequestration research and management paradigms for the future. The volume is based on a Chapman Conference and will appeal to the rapidly growing group of scientists and engineers examining methods for deliberate carbon sequestration through storage in plants, soils, the oceans, and geological repositories.
Download or read book Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calcification in Biological Systems written by Ermanno Bonucci and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-05-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcification in Biological Systems provides a collection of up-to-date papers regarding calcification in a variety of biological systems. The papers are not simple reviews of the literature. Each paper reflects the personal experience of the author(s) and is rich in constructive criticism and suggestions. Topics range from basic molecular processes to general structural problems in systems as different as unicellular organisms and human skeletal tissues. Because calcification is so diffuse in the animal kingdom, this book makes no attempt to achieve a conclusive synthesis of available results and current ideas. Instead, its merit lies in its ability to be useful to investigators with different scientific backgrounds and areas of interest.
Download or read book The Mediterranean Sea written by Stefano Goffredo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an indispensable addition to the multidisciplinary coverage of the science of the Mediterranean Sea. The editors have gathered leading authorities from the fields of Marine Biology, Ecology, paleoclimatology, Chemical and Physical Oceanography, Zoology, Botany, Aquatic Photosynthesis, Socioeconomics, Mariculture, Mediterranean History and Science of Humanity. Beginning with the birth of the Mediterranean Sea and its myths. From coral to fish, an introduction is given to its major inhabitants of plants and animals past and present. The chapters illustrate how organisms interact as part of the structure and function of the Sea's main ecosystems. The rise of the Mediterranean as the cradle of the Western Civilization leads to a discourse on the status of human interaction with the sea. Accelerating global climate change, water warming, ocean acidification and sea level rise, and analyses of their effects on key organisms, entire ecosystems and human socioeconomics are given. Forecasting and predictions are presented taking into account different future scenarios from the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change). The volume is richly illustrated in color, with an extensive bibliography. A valuable addition to the limited literature in the field, offering up-to-date broad coverage merging science and humanities.
