Download or read book Potential for Biological Control of Spotted Tentiform Leafminer on Apple Through Conservation of Natural Enemies written by Nino Margaret Ridgway and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Management of Tentiform Leafminers Phyllonorycter Spp Lepidoptera Gracillariidae in North American Apple Orchards written by Chris T. Maier and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sampling Second Generation Spotted Tentiform Leafminer written by Mark A. Schmaedick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biology and Control of the Spotted Tentiform Leaf Miner on Apple Trees written by Clifford Myron Beckham and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Spotted Tentiform Leafminer in Wisconsin written by Nino Cooley Ravdin and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Extension Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 1989 ADAP Crop Protection Conference Proceedings written by Agnes Vargo and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Biological Control of Woolly Apple Aphid in Washington State written by Lessando Moreira Gontijo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann is a secondary pest of apples whose outbreaks have occurred more often since about 2000. The increase in outbreaks appears to be associated with changes in pesticide programs and disruption of biological control. Because of the banning of azinphos-methyl and restriction posed on other organophosphates, growers are turning more to biological control as an alternative tactic to control woolly apple aphid. This aphid has been documented to have a wide host of natural enemies around the world including syrphids, coccinellids, chrysopids, predatory hemipterans, earwigs and the endoparasitoid Aphelinus mali (Haudeman). A survey I conducted in 2008 in central Washington confirmed that syrphids, chrysopids, coccinellids and A. mali are the most common natural enemies of woolly apple aphid occurring in Washington. Conservation of woolly apple aphid natural enemies in the orchard was also studied in 2008, 2010 and 2011. Sweet alyssum Lobularia maritima (L.) Desvaux was the flowering plant that attracted significantly more predatory syrphids into the orchards. A faster response by natural enemies to woolly apple infestation was observed on plots planted with sweet alyssum. In addition, a movement of natural enemies between sweet alyssum and tree canopy was confirmed by an imunomarking technique. Exclusion cage studies conducted in 2010 and 2011 showed that predators together with A. mali can efficiently control woolly apple aphid in orchards under a soft pesticide program. In addition, syrphids did not seem to disrupt parasitism of A. mali, but instead showed an additive effect when combined. The lethal and sublethal effect of orchard pesticides on A. mali were also examined in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Spinetoram, spinosad, carbaryl, organophosphates and neonicotinoids showed a high acute toxicity to A. mali killing more than 90% at full rate. Chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, novaluron, cyantraniliprole, spirotetramat, sulfur and the mixture of Zinc/Manganese + copper hydroxide killed less than 60% of the parasitoids in the acute bioassays at both rates. Only cyantraniliprole, spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin showed significant sublethal effects on A. mali. The sublethal effect of cyantraniliprole was due to induction of low fecundity in A. mali, whereas for spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin the effect was due to adult A. mali and host mortality. All the studies suggest that biological control of woolly apple aphid has the potential to work in the field. Nevertheless, conservation measures like augmenting alternative food sources for natural enemies and spraying selective pesticides should be adopted.

Download or read book Handbook of Biological Control written by T. W. Fisher and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-09-20 with total page 1073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years the use of chemical agents such as pesticides and herbicides has been effective in controlling the many varieties of pests that infest both agricultural crops and backyard gardens. However, these pests are gradually becoming resistant to these agents, because the agents themselves are acting as selective factors making the pests better and better able to resist and persist. As a result, the use of biological controlling agents is increasing. This book is a comprehensive and authoritative handbook of biological control.

Download or read book Use of Biological Agents in the Management of Insect Pests of Apple in Ontario written by Elmer A. C. Hagley and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spotted Tentiform Leafminer written by Daniel L. Mahr and published by . This book was released on 1983* with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Directions in Tree Fruit Pest Management written by Kathleen M. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Population Dynamics of the Potato Leafhopper Empoasca Fabae on Water stressed Alfalfa written by George Davis Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biology of the Spotted Tentiform Leaf miner Lithocolletis Crataegella Clem on Apple written by Clifford Myron Beckham and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conference Proceedings for Sustainable Agriculture for Today and Tomorrow written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: