Download or read book Potential for Biofuel Production from Algae Based Wastewater Treatment in California Can Algal Biofuels be Cost competitive with Traditional Petroleum Based Diesel written by Amanda Rupiper and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neither the use of algae to clean wastewater, nor the use of photosynthetic organisms to generate biodiesel, are new concepts on their own. By combining these two processes, algal-based wastewater treatment with algal biofuel production, additional benefits can be derived, among which could be a cost-savings. In California the average estimated base production cost per gallon for algal biodiesel is $5.98/gallon. Compared to the adjusted production cost of petroleum-based diesel of $1.53/gallon, biodiesel is not cost-competitive. Coupling wastewater treatment and algal cultivation reduces the net energy use of the two processes separately and, if accounted for, greatly reduces the production cost of algal biodiesel. When adjusting the production costs for some of the many co-benefits of this combined process and fuel, such as wastewater treatment cost offsets and carbon credits, the fuel becomes much more competitive with an average production cost of $0.56/gallon. As this production process develops, technological optimization, particularly improvements in algal lipid content and productivity, will further reduce the cost of algal biodiesel.
Download or read book Biomass and Biofuels from Microalgae written by Navid R. Moheimani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-11 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book details the most recent advances in the microalgae biological sciences and engineering technologies for biomass and biofuel production in order to meet the ongoing need for new and affordable sources of food, chemicals and energy for future generations. The chapters explore new microalgae cultivation techniques, including solid (biofilm) systems, and heterotrophic production methods, while also critically investigating topics such as combining wastewater as a source of nutrients, the effect of CO2 on growth, and converting biomass to methane through anaerobic digestion. The book highlights innovative bioproduct optimization and molecular genetic techniques, applications of genomics and metabolomics, and the genetic engineering of microalgae strains targeting biocrude production. The latest developments in microalgae harvesting and dewatering technologies, which combine biomass production with electricity generation, are presented, along with detailed techno-economic modeling. This extensive volume was written by respected experts in their fields and is intended for a wide audience of researchers and engineers.
Download or read book Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels made from algae are gaining attention as a domestic source of renewable fuel. However, with current technologies, scaling up production of algal biofuels to meet even 5 percent of U.S. transportation fuel needs could create unsustainable demands for energy, water, and nutrient resources. Continued research and development could yield innovations to address these challenges, but determining if algal biofuel is a viable fuel alternative will involve comparing the environmental, economic and social impacts of algal biofuel production and use to those associated with petroleum-based fuels and other fuel sources. Sustainable Development of Algal Biofuels was produced at the request of the U.S. Department of Energy.
Download or read book Algae as a Feedstock for Biofuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pursuit of a stable, economically-sound, and environmentally-friendly source of transportation fuel has led to extensive research and development (R & D) efforts focused on the conversion of various feedstocks into biofuels. Some feedstocks, such as sugar cane, corn and woody biomass, are targeted because their structures can be broken down into sugars and fermented into alcohols. Other feedstocks, such as vegetable oils, are appealing because they contain considerable amounts of lipids, which can be extracted and converted into biodiesel or other fuels. While significant R & D and commercial strides have been made with each of these feedstocks, technical and market barriers (e.g., cost, scalability, infrastructure requirements, and 'food vs. fuel' debates) currently limit the penetration of the resultant biofuels into the mainstream. Because of algae's ability to potentially address several of these barriers, its use as a feedstock for biofuels has led to much excitement and initiative within the energy industry. Algae are highly diverse, singleor multi-cellular organisms comprised of mostly lipids, protein, and carbohydrates, which may be used to produce a wide variety of biofuels. Algae offer many competitive advantages over other feedstocks, including: 1) Higher potential lipid content than terrestrial plants, sometimes exceeding 50% of the cell's dry biomass (U.S. DOE, May '10; Tornabene et al., 1983) 2) Rapid growth rates that are 20-30 times higher than terrestrial crops (McDill, 2009) and, in some cases, capable of doubling in size with 10 hours 3) Diverse number of species that can collectively thrive in a wide range of environments throughout the world, presenting an overall high overall tolerance for climate, sunlight, nutrient levels, etc. 4) Daily harvesting potential instead of seasonal harvest periods associated with terrestrial crops 5) Potential to redirect CO2 from industry operations to algal cultivation facilities to be used in an algal biofuel cycle before it is released into the atmosphere 6) Ability to be cultivated on land that that is unsuitable for agriculture, so it does not directly compete with farmland Given microalgae's high lipid content and rapid growth rates, maximum oil yields of 20,000--115,000 L/ha/yr (2,140-13,360 gal/ac/yr) have been estimated. xiv 7) Ability to thrive in seawater, wastewater, or other non-potable sources, so it does not directly compete with fresh water resources. In fact, wastewater can provide algae with some essential nutrients, such as nitrogen, so algae may contribute to cleaning up wastewater streams. 8) Non-toxic and biodegradable 9) Co-products that may present high value in other markets, including nutriceuticals and cosmetics Given microalgae's high lipid content and rapid growth rate, maximum oil yields of 20,000 -- 115,000 liters per hectare per year (L/ha/yr) (2,140 -- 13,360 gallons per acre per year) (Baldos, 2009; Wijffels, 2008) have been estimated, which is considerably higher than any other competing feedstock. Although algae species collectively present many strong advantages (although one specific species is unlikely to possess all of the advantages listed), a sustainable algal biofuel industry is at least one or two decades away from maturity, and no commercial scale operations currently exist. Several barriers must first be overcome before algal biofuels can compete with traditional petroleum-based fuels. Production chains with net energy output need to be identified, and continued R & D is needed to reduce the cost in all segments of the production spectrum (e.g., harvesting, dewatering, extracting of oil). Further research to identify strains with high production rates and/or oil yields may also improve competitiveness within the market. Initiatives to seamlessly integrate algal biofuels into the existing transportation infrastructure may increase their convenience level.
Download or read book Biofuels from Algae written by Man Kee Lam and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae are currently being considered as a versatile feedstock for biofuel production because of their fast growth rate and high biomass productivity. Algae could simultaneously act as a carbon sink and water purifier if their cultivation were coupled with flue gas and wastewater treatment, respectively. Hence, an understanding of the overall supply chains for algal biofuel production is exceptionally important to determine whether it is worthwhile to scale up and commercialize algal cultivation for biofuel production. In this chapter, various aspects and constraints associated with the commercialization of algal biofuels are deliberated in detail, especially from the perspective of life-cycle energy balance. In addition, discussions on the economic assessments of algal biofuels are included in this chapter to provide an overview of the current state of algal biofuels in the fuel market. Potential algal biofuel conversion technologies, such as transesterification, starch hydrolysis and fermentation, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction are also presented.
Download or read book Next generation Biofuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Algal Biofuels written by Leonel Pereira and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae presents a viable biofuel alternative because the production of algae for fuel, unlike other agro-based biofuels, does not compete with food production. This book covers algae-based biofuel options and discusses the design and economic viability of algal bioenergy co-production concepts.
Download or read book The Pros and Cons of Algae Biofuel written by Ruth Bjorklund and published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae biofuel is a new green energy technology. Learn about how this energy technology developed, the risks and rewards of algae biofuel, and whether or not these tiny plants will solve the energy challenges of the future.
Download or read book Algae Biotechnology written by Faizal Bux and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the utilization of algae for the development of useful products and processes with the emphasis towards green technologies and processes, and the requirements to make these viable. Serving as a complete reference guide to the production of biofuels and other value added products from micro and macro algae, it covers various aspects of algal biotechnology from the basics to large scale cultivation, harvesting and processing for a variety of products. It is authored and edited by respected world experts in the field of algal biotechnology and provides the most up to date and cutting edge information on developments in the field. Over the past decade there has been substantial focus and related literature on the application of algal biomass for the generation of novel processes and products. ‘Algae Biotechnology: Products and Processes’ encompasses a holistic approach to critically evaluating developments in the field of algal biotechnology whilst taking into account recent advances and building on the body of knowledge. Aspects of the effects of harmful algae are also discussed, as well as the potential commercial application of algal biotechnology, the techno-economic feasibility of algal biodiesel production and the use of genetic and metabolic engineering for the improvement of yield. Other bioenergy sources such as alcohol fuels, aviation fuels, biohydrogen and biogas are also covered. This book is intended for postgraduates and researchers working in the biofuels and algal industry; it constitutes ideal reference material for both early stage and established researchers.
Download or read book Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass written by James H. Clark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass, Second Edition presents an overview of the use of biorenewable resources in the 21st century for the manufacture of chemical products, materials and energy. The book demonstrates that biomass is essentially a rich mixture of chemicals and materials and, as such, has a tremendous potential as feedstock for making a wide range of chemicals and materials with applications in industries from pharmaceuticals to furniture. Completely revised and updated to reflect recent developments, this new edition begins with an introduction to the biorefinery concept, followed by chapters addressing the various types of available biomass feedstocks, including waste, and the different pre-treatment and processing technologies being developed to turn these feedstocks into platform chemicals, polymers, materials and energy. The book concludes with a discussion on the policies and strategies being put in place for delivering the so-called Bioeconomy. Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass is a valuable resource for academics, industrial scientists and policy-makers working in the areas of industrial biotechnology, biorenewables, chemical engineering, fine and bulk chemical production, agriculture technologies, plant science, and energy and power generation. We need to reduce our dependence on fossil resources and increasingly derive all the chemicals we take for granted and use in our daily life from biomass – and we must make sure that we do this using green chemistry and sustainable technologies! For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs Topics covered include: • The biorefinery concept • Biomass feedstocks • Pre-treatment technologies • Platform molecules from renewable resources • Polymers from bio-based monomers • Biomaterials • Bio-based energy production Praise for the 1st edition: “Drawing on the expertise of the authors the book involves a degree of plant biology and chemical engineering, which illustrates the multidisciplinary nature of the topic beautifully” - Chemistry World
Download or read book Advancements in Algal Biofuels Research Recent Evaluation of Algal Biomass Production and Conversion Methods of into Fuels and High Value Co products written by Umakanta Jena and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae biomass has enormous potential to produce fuels and value-added products. Algae-derived biofuels and bioproducts offer great promise in contributing to U.S. energy security and in mitigating the environmental concerns associated with conventional fuels. Algae’s ability to grow in low quality water/wastewater and to accumulate lipids has encouraged scientists to investigate algae as a medium for wastewater treatment and a potential source of fuel and bioproducts. There are growing demands for biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane, biohydrogen, and other high-value products (nutraceuticals, proteins, omega-3 etc.). Algae can help address these needs. The topic of algae energy includes the production and characterization of algae cultures, conversion into fuel feedstocks and high value products, and optimization of product isolation and use. In view of the increasing efforts in algae biomass production and conversion into energy and high-value products, the current research topic covers important aspects of algal strain selection, culture systems, inorganic carbon utilization, lipid metabolism and quality, biomass harvesting, extraction of lipids and proteins, and thermochemical conversion of algal feedstocks into biocrude.
Download or read book Microalgae as a Feedstock for Biofuels written by Luisa Gouveia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-30 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief provides a concise review of the potential use of microalgae for biofuel production. The following topics are highlighted: the advantages of microalgae over conventional biofuel-producing crops; technological processes for energy production using microalgae; microalgal biomass production systems, production rates and costs; algae cultivation strategies and main culture parameters; biomass harvesting technologies and cell disruption; CO2 sequestration; life cycle analysis; and algal biorefinery strategies. The conclusions section discusses the contribution of the technologies described to environmental sustainability and future prospects.
Download or read book Handbook of Microalgal Culture written by Amos Richmond and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Microalgal Culture is truly a landmarkpublication, drawing on some 50 years of worldwide experience inmicroalgal mass culture. This important book comprisescomprehensive reviews of the current available information onmicroalgal culture, written by 40 contributing authors from aroundthe globe. The book is divided into four parts, with Part I detailingbiological and environmental aspects of microalgae with referenceto microalgal biotechnology and Part II looking in depth at majortheories and techniques of mass cultivation. Part III compriseschapters on the economic applications of microalgae, includingcoverage of industrial production, the use of microalgae in humanand animal nutrition and in aquaculture, in nitrogen fixation,hydrogen and methane production, and in bioremediation of pollutedwater. Finally, Part IV looks at new frontiers and includeschapters on genetic engineering, microalgae as platforms forrecombinant proteins, bioactive chemicals, heterotrophicproduction, microalgae as gene-delivery systems for expressingmosquitocidal toxins and the enhancement of marine productivity forclimate stabilization and food security. Handbook of Microalgal Culture is an essential purchasefor all phycologists and also those researching aquatic systems,aquaculture and plant sciences. There is also much of great use toresearchers and those involved in product formulation withinpharmaceutical, nutrition and food companies. Libraries in alluniversities and research establishments teaching and researchingin chemistry, biological and pharmaceutical sciences, food sciencesand nutrition, and aquaculture will need copies of this book ontheir shelves. Amos Richmond is at the Blaustein Institute for DesertResearch, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
Download or read book Algal Biorefineries written by Aleš Prokop and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algae offer potential to produce renewable chemicals and fuels using solar energy and carbon dioxide from atmosphere or in flue gases while simultaneously reducing the generation of greenhouse gases. Since these can be grown on marginal lands with micronutrients and macronutrients often present in waste streams, algae-based chemicals and fuels do not compete with foods. Still large-scale production of algae-based fuels and chemicals faces considerable technological and economical challenges and it would by necessity require a biorefinery approach wherein all the possible algal components are converted into value-added compounds. The present series on algal biorefineries represents a forum for reporting the state of the art of different technologies as well as the latest advances in this field. The volume II of this series complements the volume I in terms of the current state of the art. Different chapters in this volume address diverse issues ranging from genetically modifies algae to new products to life-cycle analysis of algal products.
Download or read book Up to speed Algae Biofuels written by Guy Lane and published by BookCountry. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid fuels are widely used in cars, trucks, ships and planes. They are mainly made from petroleum oil and this is causing planet-wide environmental, social and geopolitical problems. There are numerous types of biofuels, fuels made from biological sources, such as canola, palm oil and tallow. However, biofuels have their own problems including the relatively small volumes that are available, the environmental cost of producing them, and the fact that many biofuels compete with human food. A potential solution to replace petroleum oil is algae biofuels: fuels made from oil from algae. Algae are tiny aquatic plants and they promise low cost, environmentally friendly, carbon neutral fuels produced on an industrial-scale. Around the world, dozens of companies are developing the technologies to make this a reality. There are notable successes and algae biofuels are today powering navy ships, airliners, trucks and cars. Big challenges remain, particularly reducing the cost of the end product and massively scaling up production without causing new environmental problems. However, with petroleum oil causing more trouble than it’s worth – including, ironically, the fact that it’s running out – algae biofuels promise to be the big green solution that saves the day and maybe the climate too.
Download or read book Biofuels Production Sustainability and Advances in Microbial Bioresources written by Ajar Nath Yadav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the different kinds of biofuels and biofuel resources. Biofuels represent a major type of renewable energy. As part of a larger bio-economy, they are closely linked to agriculture, forestry and manufacturing. Biofuels have the potential to improve regional energy access, reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to climate protection. Further, this alternative form of energy could revitalize the forestry and agricultural sector and promote the increased use of renewable resources as raw materials in a range of industrial processes. Efforts are continuously being made to develop economically competitive biofuels, and microbes play important roles in the production of biofuels from various bioresources. This book elaborates on recent advances in existing microbial technologies and on sustainable approaches to improving biofuel production processes. Additionally, it examines trends in, and the limitations of, existing processes and technologies. The book offers a comprehensive overview of microbial bioresources, microbial technologies, advances in bioconversion and biorefineries, as well as microbial and metabolic engineering for efficient biofuel production. Readers will also learn about the environmental impacts and the influence of climate change on the sustainability of biofuel production. This book is intended for researchers and students whose work involves biorefinery technologies, microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental biology and related fields.
Download or read book Biofuels from Algae written by S. Venkata Mohan and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biologically produced fuels are considered potential and viable alternatives to meet the world’s fuel requirements. In this context, algal-based oil is of significant importance due to its renewable and carbon-neutral nature. Biosynthesis of triglycerides by utilizing CO2 (by biofixation) or wastewater under stress conditions via photoautotrophic, heterotrophic (photo/dark), or mixotrophic mechanisms enumerates the potential of microalgae for generation of renewable biodiesel. In addition to the algal cultivation, the conversion of the accumulated lipids to biodiesel is gaining considerable interest. Though there exist some constraints, the process of harnessing biofuel from microalgae is both economically viable and environmentally sustainable compared to the other oil-producing terrestrial crops. This chapter explores biofuel production using microalgae. Concerted efforts are made in this chapter to discuss the biochemistry pertaining to algal lipid synthesis, nutritional modes of algae, cultivation systems used for algal oil production, and the cascade of steps involved, from biomass cultivation to transesterification of the fuel. The ability of microalgae to capture CO2 and its survivability in wastewater is also elaborated in the context of lipid synthesis.
