Download or read book Potential Climatic Impacts and Reliability of Large scale Offshore Wind Farms written by Chien Wang (Atmospheric Chemistry Research Scientist.) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vast availability of wind power has fueled substantial interest in this renewable energy source as a potential near-zero greenhouse gas emission technology for meeting future world energy needs while addressing the climate change issue. However, in order to provide even a fraction of the estimated future energy needs, a large-scale deployment of wind turbines (several million) is required. The consequent environmental impacts, and the inherent reliability of such a large-scale usage of intermittent wind power would have to be carefully assessed, in addition to the need to lower the high current unit wind power costs. Our previous study (Wang and Prinn 2010 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10 2053) using a three-dimensional climate model suggested that a large deployment of wind turbines over land to meet about 10% of predicted world energy needs in 2100 could lead to a significant temperature increase in the lower atmosphere over the installed regions. A global-scale perturbation to the general circulation patterns as well as to the cloud and precipitation distribution was also predicted. In the later study reported here, we conducted a set of six additional model simulations using an improved climate model to further address the potential environmental and intermittency issues of large-scale deployment of offshore wind turbines for differing installation areas and spatial densities. In contrast to the previous land installation results, the offshore wind turbine installations are found to cause a surface cooling over the installed offshore regions. This cooling is due principally to the enhanced latent heat flux from the sea surface to lower atmosphere, driven by an increase in turbulent mixing caused by the wind turbines which was not entirely offset by the concurrent reduction of mean wind kinetic energy. We found that the perturbation of the large-scale deployment of offshore wind turbines to the global climate is relatively small compared to the case of land-based installations. However, the intermittency caused by the significant seasonal wind variations over several major offshore sites is substantial, and demands further options to ensure the reliability of large-scale offshore wind power. The method that we used to simulate the offshore wind turbine effect on the lower atmosphere involved simply increasing the ocean surface drag coefficient. While this method is consistent with several detailed fine-scale simulations of wind turbines, it still needs further study to ensure its validity. New field observations of actual wind turbine arrays are definitely required to provide ultimate validation of the model predictions presented here.
Download or read book Potential Climatic Impacts and Reliability of Very Large Scale Wind Farms written by Chien Wang (Atmospheric Chemistry Research Scientist.) and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climate change requires large-scale deployment of low or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission technologies such as wind energy. The widespread availability of wind power has fueled substantial interest in this renewable energy source as one of the needed technologies. For very large-scale utilization of this resource, there are however potential environmental impacts, and also problems arising from its inherent intermittency, in addition to the present need to lower unit costs. To explore some of these issues, we use a three-dimensional climate model to simulate the potential climate effects associated with installation of wind-powered generators over vast areas of land or coastal ocean. Using wind turbines to meet 10% or more of global energy demand in 2100, could cause surface warming exceeding 1 °C over land installations. In contrast, surface cooling exceeding 1 °C is computed over ocean installations, but the validity of simulating the impacts of wind turbines by simply increasing the ocean surface drag needs further study. Significant warming or cooling remote from both the land and ocean installations, and alterations of the global distributions of rainfall and clouds also occur. These results are influenced by the competing effects of increases in roughness and decreases in wind speed on near-surface turbulent heat fluxes, the differing nature of land and ocean surface friction, and the dimensions of the installations parallel and perpendicular to the prevailing winds. These results are also dependent on the accuracy of the model used, and the realism of the methods applied to simulate wind turbines. Additional theory and new field observations will be required for their ultimate validation. Intermittency of wind power on daily, monthly and longer time scales as computed in these simulations and inferred from meteorological observations, poses a demand for one or more options to ensure reliability, including backup generation capacity, very long distance power transmission lines, and onsite energy storage, each with specific economic and/or technological challenges.
Download or read book Large Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States written by Walter Musial and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Offshore wind power is poised to deliver an essential contribution to a clean, robust, and diversified U.S. energy portfolio. Capturing and using this large and inexhaustible resource has the potential to mitigate climate change, improve the environment, increase energy security, and stimulate the U.S. economy. The U.S. is now deliberating an energy policy that will have a powerful impact on the nation¿s energy and economic health for decades to come. This report provides a broad understanding of today¿s wind industry and the offshore resource, as well as the associated technology challenges, economics, permitting procedures, and potential risks and benefits. Charts and tables.
Download or read book On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics written by Elke Ludewig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable energy resources now play an essential role in the energy supply debate, and especially a new interest in wind energy has resulted in the intensified construction of wind farms. Thanks to the growing demand for renewable energy, offshore wind farms (OWFs) are increasingly gaining in popularity, since yields over sea are greater and more reliable than over land. Against this background it is becoming particularly urgent to determine whether and if so to what extent such OWF expansion affects our oceans and local climates. OWFs produce a downstream wind speed reduction, the so-called wind-wake effect, which impacts atmospheric boundary layers, alters local wind characteristics and in turn affects ocean dynamics. This book will help readers to understand in detail these OWF-induced changes in the atmosphere and ocean by analyzing model simulations and measurements. In this context, OWF-induced upwelling and downwelling are key aspects.
Download or read book Future of wind written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to speed up the deployment of wind power, both onshore and offshore, until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.
Download or read book Climate Rationality written by Jason S. Johnston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Johnston unpacks and critiques the legal, economic, and scientific basis for precautionary climate policies pursued in the United States. In doing so, he reveals an alternative approach to climate change policy that would enable the US to efficiently adapt to a changing climate and radically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.
Download or read book Offshore Wind Turbines written by Peter Tavner and published by IET. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore Wind Turbines clearly presents the facts and figures of wind turbine operation and maintenance in the inclement offshore environment.
Download or read book Potential Hydrodynamic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Nantucket Shoals Regional Ecology written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2024-07-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition to renewable energy has spurred many efforts to scale up the U.S. portfolio of efficient clean energy resources, including the development of offshore wind farms. The Nantucket Shoals region off the coast of Massachusetts is the first large scale wind farm installation under development in U.S. waters. To ensure Nantucket Shoals region offshore wind energy installations are being planned, constructed, and developed in an environmentally responsible way, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) asked the National Academies to evaluate the potential for offshore wind farms in the Nantucket Shoals region to affect oceanic physical processes, and, in turn, how those hydrodynamic alterations might affect local to regional ecosystems. Of particular interest to BOEM are the potential effects of hydrodynamic changes on zooplankton productivity and aggregations, which may affect foraging for the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale. This report found the impacts of offshore wind projects on the North Atlantic right whale and the availability of their prey in the Nantucket Shoals region will likely be difficult to distinguish from the significant impacts of climate change and other influences on the ecosystem. Further study and monitoring of the oceanography and ecology of the Nantucket Shoals region is needed to fully understand the impact of future wind farms. This report recommends the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and others should promote observational studies and modeling that will advance understanding of potential hydrodynamic effects and their consequent impacts on ecology in the Nantucket Shoals region during all phases of wind energy development.
Download or read book Wind Energy Meteorology written by Stefan Emeis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-30 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an introduction to the meteorological boundary conditions for power generation from wind – both onshore and offshore, and provides meteorological information for the planning and running of this important renewable energy source. It includes the derivation of wind laws and wind-profile descriptions, especially those above the logarithmic surface layer, and discusses winds over complex terrains and nocturnal low-level jets. This updated and expanded second edition features new chapters devoted to the efficiency of large wind parks and their wakes and to offshore wind energy.
Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Large scale Wind Farms Using Remote Sensing written by Jenell M. Walsh-Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind energy is increasingly becoming a prevalent alternative, renewable energy resource as societies worldwide are attempting to reduce their carbon footprint in an effort to mitigate the negative effects of climate change and to compensate for the ever decreasing supply of worldwide fossil fuel sources. There are many benefits to utilizing wind energy due to the lack of pollutant releases in the atmosphere, ocean or soil. Particularly important is the decreased carbon dioxide emissions, which has been associated with mitigating climate change. Wind energy is a renewable resource, it can have a positive economic impact, and there are several locations on the planet that are good candidates for wind energy production. While there are many advantages in harnessing wind energy to produce electricity, the impacts of wind turbines and perhaps more importantly of large scale wind farms on the environment need to be determined and examined in a quantitative way in order to make and support sound decisions on the placement of wind farms as well as the mitigation of any harmful environmental impacts. Any direct environmental impact of large scale wind farms needs to be investigated because it could impact agriculture, economics, health, society, and technology. Baidya Roy, et al (2004); Baidya Roy & Traiteur (2010); and Baidya Roy (2011), have published a series of manuscripts analyzing data obtained from meteorological towers in conjunction with predictions based on computer modeling and hypothesize that large-scale wind farms produce a measureable effect on ambient air temperature. Collecting in situ data quickly becomes difficult from a practical perspective as the size of the wind farm facility increases because many sensors are needed over a large area. Satellite remote sensing observations are particularly suited to study temperature changes over large areas due to the availability of high resolution measurements over many years. While the hypothesis based on relevant literature review is that wind farms have a measureable impact, the proposed goal of this thesis is to quantitatively assess the environmental impacts of operational wind farms, specifically surface temperature and vegetation, with the potential to expand to other variables, using Landsat and other satellite derived imagery, such as from Terra equipped with a moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) or SPOT equipped with a vegetation mapper with 1 km spatial resolution.
Download or read book Wind Vision written by U. S. Department U.S. Department of Energy and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed roadmap of technical, economic, and institutional actions by the wind industry, the wind research community, and others to optimize wind's potential contribution to a cleaner, more reliable, low-carbon, domestic energy generation portfolio, utilizing U.S. manu-facturing and a U.S. workforce. The roadmap is intended to be the beginning of an evolving, collaborative, and necessarily dynamic process. It thus suggests an approach of continual updates at least every two years, informed by its analysis activities. Roadmap actions are identified in nine topical areas, introduced below.
Download or read book Wind Resource Assessment and Micro siting written by Matthew Huaiquan Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all the key areas of wind resource assessment technologies from an engineer’s perspective Focuses on wind analysis for wind plant siting, design and analysis Addresses all aspects from atmospheric boundary layer characteristics, to wind resource measurement systems, uncertainties in measurements, computations and analyses, to plant performance Covers the basics of atmospheric science through to turbine siting, turbine responses, and to environmental impacts Contents can be used for research purposes as well as a go-to reference guide, written from the perspective of a hands-on engineer Topic is of ongoing major international interest for its economic and environmental benefits
Download or read book Climate Impacts on Energy Systems written by Jane O. Ebinger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "While the energy sector is a primary target of efforts to arrest and reverse the growth of greenhouse gas emissions and lower the carbon footprint of development, it is also expected to be increasingly affected by unavoidable climate consequences from the damage already induced in the biosphere. Energy services and resources, as well as seasonal demand, will be increasingly affected by changing trends, increasing variability, greater extremes and large inter-annual variations in climate parameters in some regions. All evidence suggests that adaptation is not an optional add-on but an essential reckoning on par with other business risks. Existing energy infrastructure, new infrastructure and future planning need to consider emerging climate conditions and impacts on design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Integrated risk-based planning processes will be critical to address the climate change impacts and harmonize actions within and across sectors. Also, awareness, knowledge, and capacity impede mainstreaming of climate adaptation into the energy sector. However, the formal knowledge base is still nascent?information needs are complex and to a certain extent regionally and sector specific. This report provides an up-to-date compendium of what is known about weather variability and projected climate trends and their impacts on energy service provision and demand. It discusses emerging practices and tools for managing these impacts and integrating climate considerations into planning processes and operational practices in an environment of uncertainty. It focuses on energy sector adaptation, rather than mitigation which is not discussed in this report. This report draws largely on available scientific and peer-reviewed literature in the public domain and takes the perspective of the developing world to the extent possible."
Download or read book Green Energy written by Iwona Bąk and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents novel research that represents a multidimensional approach to green energy. Each chapter addresses its subject from diverse perspectives, including financial, technological, and social. The results shown also consider various approaches to the collection and processing of data on green energy. The book also reports on analyses of data from official records and databases, as well as the analysis of primary data obtained directly. The book will be of interest to those working in green energy as well as researchers interested in the methods of scientific research.
Download or read book Preliminary Assessment of Offshore Wind Development Impacts on Marine Atmospheric Environment written by Hsin-Yuan Huang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife and Wind Farms Conflicts and Solutions written by Martin Perrow and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-01-17 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind farms are an essential component of global renewable energy policy and the action to limit the effects of climate change. There is, however, considerable concern over the impacts of wind farms on wildlife, leading to a wide range of research and monitoring studies, a growing body of literature and several international conferences on the topic. This unique multi-volume work provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between wind farms and wildlife. Volume 3 documents the current knowledge of the potential effects upon wildlife during both construction and operation of offshore wind farms. An introductory chapter on the nature of wind farms and the legislation surrounding them is followed by a series of in-depth chapters documenting effects on physical processes, atmosphere and ocean dynamics, seabed communities, fish, marine mammals, migratory birds and bats and seabirds. A synopsis of the known and potential effects of wind farms upon wildlife concludes the volume. The authors have been carefully selected from across the globe from the large number of academics, consultants and practitioners now engaged in wind farm studies, for their influential contribution to the science. Edited by Martin Perrow and with contributions by 30 leading researchers including: Göran Broström, Steven Degraer, Mike Elliot, Andrew Gill, Ommo Hüppop, Georg Nehls and Nicolas Vanermen. The authors represent a wide range of organisations and institutions including the Universities of Gothenburg, Hamburg and Hull, Alfred Wegener Institute, Cefas (UK), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vattenfall and several leading consultancies. Each chapter includes informative figures, tables, colour photographs and detailed case studies, including some from invited authors to showcase exciting new research. Other volumes: Volume 1: Onshore: Potential Effects (978-1-78427-119-0) Volume 2: Onshore: Monitoring and Mitigation (978-1-78427-123-7) Volume 4: Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation (978-1-78427-131-2)
Download or read book Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics written by Bernhard Stoevesandt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 1495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides both a comprehensive overview and deep insights on the state-of-the-art methods used in wind turbine aerodynamics, as well as their advantages and limits. The focus of this work is specifically on wind turbines, where the aerodynamics are different from that of other fields due to the turbulent wind fields they face and the resultant differences in structural requirements. It gives a complete picture of research in the field, taking into account the different approaches which are applied. This book would be useful to professionals, academics, researchers and students working in the field.
