Download or read book Postoperative Infectious Complications Accelerate Tumor Reoccurence and Mestastasis as a Result of Circulating Tumor Cell Interactions with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps written by Jonathan Cools-Lartigue and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Surgery remains the cornerstone of curative intent therapy for cancer patients. However, a significant proportion of patients will suffer postoperative infectious complications, which are associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence and death from metastasis. Mitigating the adverse oncologic outcomes associated with postoperative infectious complications is not a reality in clinical practice, in part because the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils can facilitate cancer progression. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET's) are extracellular neutrophil-derived DNA webs actively released in response inflammatory cues to trap and kill invading pathogens. The role of NETs in cancer progression is unknown. However, we hypothesized that circulating tumor cells (CTC) could become trapped within NET's favoring the development of metastasis. In the present work, we demonstrate that NETs are able to trap neoplastic cells in vitro under both static and dynamic conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these interactions are mediated by both tumor and NET derived [beta]1 integrins. Using a physiologically relevant model of postoperative sepsis in vivo, cecal ligation and puncture, we demonstrate widespread deposition of NETs within end organ microvasculature. Furthermore, we confirm the in vitro observations of NET mediated CTC arrest and demonstrate the importance of [beta]1 integrins in this process. More importantly disruption of NETs via exogenous administration of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor (NEi) or DNAse abrogates their adhesive effect. Finally, we demonstrate that NET trapping results in the increased development of gross metastasis, which is inhibited by NET disruption with DNAse or NEi. Taken together, these results are the first to directly implicate NETs as facilitators of metastasis in the context of severe postoperative infection." --

Download or read book The Role of Neutrophils in the Early Phases of Hepatic Metastasis written by Jonathan Spicer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There has been an explosion in our understanding of the intimate relationship between inflammation and cancer. One aspect of this relationship is the observed poor oncologic outcomes amongst patients having suffered infectious complications from surgery for their malignancy. Although little is known about the role of neutrophils in the metastatic cascade, they are the prime cellular effectors of the acute inflammatory response and heavily recruited to common metastatic sites such as the liver during states of acute inflammation. Our underlying hypothesis was that the combination of heavy neutrophil recruitment to liver sinusoids in the presence of circulating tumor cells would create a fertile ground for the seeds of metastasis. A physiologically relevant in vivo model of early metastasis coupled with intravital microscopy was used to visualize the trafficking of tumor cells within the liver vasculature in real time. Systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide significantly enhanced the metastatic potential of cancer cells by increasing their propensity to adhere to the liver sinusoidal endothelium. Disrupting the interactions between inflammation inducible endothelial selectins and tumor cell selectin ligands diminished tumor cell recruitment to the liver and reversed the effects of lipopolysaccharide. Confocal microscopy revealed frequent colocalization of cancer cells with neutrophils and neutrophil depletion in vivo significantly attenuated cancer cell adhesion and gross metastasis. Mac-1/ICAM-1 interactions mediated this effect. Neutrophils acted as a tethering anchor for circulating tumor cells in the liver. A novel neutrophil-mediated mechanism of metastatic recruitment was identified via neutrophil extracellular traps. Together these findings constitute some of the first mechanistic studies to implicate neutrophils in the metastatic process and as an important target to diminish the occurrence of metastasis amongst cancer patients." --

Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.

Download or read book Molecular Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer written by Thomas M. Gress and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to summarize the midterm meeting of the concerted action BMH4-CT98-3085 funded by the European Union in the context of the BIOMEDII programme. The objective of this concerted action (CA) is to generate a European network allowing to share expertise, technologies and resources to speed up the process of characterization of potential new disease genes in pancreatic cancer. The meeting in Barcelona in November 1999 was hosted by the group at the IMIM led by F.X. Real, and was scheduled to allow a midterm evaluation of the individual projects.

Download or read book The Neutrophil written by Jon S. Abramson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third book in the group devoted to the "natural" immune system, this volume provides the ideal detailed, up-to-date overview of neutrophil function. Distilling new information alongside observations of the past, the book focuses on some of the most critical developments in currentneutrophil research. Specific examples of diseases resulting from neutrophil dysfunction and deficiency are brought to life by clinical case studies. An essential source of current research into this exciting field, this volume will be invaluable for advanced students and researchers in immunology,cell biology, and medicine.

Download or read book Immunology for Surgeons written by Andrew P. Zbar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-02-20 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the complex workings of the immune system is essential for all surgeons. Immune responses play a crucial part in the way human body reacts to infection and trauma. Immunology for Surgeons contains a high-level discussion of this difficult clinical area. The text looks at tumor immunobiology and immunotherapy as well as the worldwide results of various clinical trials. The topics discussed focus on relevant immunological and molecular biological trends for future treatment of complex surgical disease. The main objective of the text is to render a difficult area accessible for the postgraduate surgical trainee and established surgeon who is interested in immunology.

Download or read book The Resolution of Inflammation written by Adriano Rossi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.

Download or read book Immunotherapy written by Aung Naing and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of immuno-oncology continues to rapidly evolve as new insights to fight and treat cancer emerge. The fourth edition of Immunotherapy provides the most current overview of immuno-oncology in different cancer types and toxicities associated with immunotherapy. While immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape of several solid malignancies, several challenges still exist. Only a subset of patients derive clinical benefits; some do not respond at all, and others respond initially, only for their disease to progress later. Because these drugs can activate a broad range of immune cells, patients suffer from a unique set of side effects known as immune-related adverse events. As more immunotherapeutic agents are used in the clinic, it is important to provide updates about current and ongoing developments in the field to further research efforts and inform treatment decisions. The fourth edition will have a new focus on strategies to overcome the challenges associated with immunotherapy. Chapters will discuss topics such as biomarkers of response, resistance mechanisms, role of imaging in predicting immune-related adverse events, and management of immune-related adverse events. Written by leading experts conducting cutting-edge research, readers will gain up-to-date knowledge on the current state and future of immunotherapy.

Download or read book The Physics of Cancer written by Caterina A. M. La Porta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of theoretical and experimental contributions to cancer research from different fields of physics, from biomechanics and soft-condensed matter physics to the statistical mechanics of complex systems. Reviewing these contributions and providing a sophisticated overview of the topic, this is the first book devoted to the emerging interdisciplinary field of cancer physics. Systematically integrating approaches from physics and biology, it includes topics such as cancer initiation and progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer stem cells, tumor immunology, cancer cell mechanics and migration. Biological hallmarks of cancer are presented in an intuitive yet comprehensive way, providing graduate-level students and researchers in physics with a thorough introduction to this important subject. The impact of the physical mechanisms of cancer are explained through analytical and computational models, making this an essential reference for cancer biologists interested in cutting-edge quantitative tools and approaches coming from physics.

Download or read book Targeted Therapies in Cancer written by Francesco Colotta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Billions of dollars are spent every year on research into targeted therapies for cancer. That’s why it’s more than ever crucial for the thousands of scientists working in the field to keep right up to date with the cutting edge. This fascinating collection of material goes a long way to helping them do so, featuring as it does contributions to a crucial international meeting in Italy. The meeting provided a forum for scientists and clinicians working in cancer drug discovery and therapy to share their opinions and experiences. The text here offers readers an overview of diverse approaches, ranging from drug discovery to cellular therapy. Overall, the book addresses the key question of whether ultimately targeted therapy in cancer will be a myth or a reality.

Download or read book Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases written by K. Michael Welch and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-04-24 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases is a handy reference source for scientists, students, and physicians needing reliable, up-to-date information on basic mechanisms, physiology, pathophysiology, and medical issues related to brain vasculature. The book consists of short, specific chapters written by international experts on cerebral vasculature, and presents the information in a comprehensive and easily accessible manner. The book also contains valuable information on practical applications of basic research. Presents topics in a comprehensive and accessible format Written by international authorities on cerebral vasculature Provides practical applications for researchers

Download or read book Tumor Microenvironment written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research in the field. A variety of topics are covered, including metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, stellate cells and endothelial progenitors in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the effects of HIV, viral hepatitis, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: State of the Science updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as future directions. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.

Download or read book Pathology written by John H. Holliman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These notes were developed to assist in the review of the basic science of pathology for those students preparing to sit for various national proficiency examinations which include, as part of their content, material dealing with general and systemic pathology. As such, the notes are not intended to replace the many fine textbooks of pathology whose scope, detail, and mission are more suited to the in depth study of pathology. Rather, these notes are intended to serve as "memory joggers" to rekindle and refresh the mind of some of the salient features of various disease processes and to point out to the student possible areas of weakness which they may need to address in more detail by referring to one of the standard textbooks of pathology. In this regard, these notes are presented in an organized and sensible (we hope!) outline format which is intended to allow systematic review of the material in a reasonable amount of time. In an effort to contain cost and avoid undue repetition with other volumes of the Oklahoma Notes series, some topics that are generally covered in most standard pathology courses as well as illustrative material have been omitted from the present edition. The authors would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the faculty and staff of the Department of Pathology for their ideas, support, and assistance during the preparation of these notes. In particular, we would like to thank Drs. K.

Download or read book Medical Surgical Nursing written by Sharon Mantik Lewis and published by Mosby Incorporated. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 2176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Package includes Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems Two Volume text and Virtual Clinical Excursions 2.0

Download or read book Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Glenn Dranoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay between tumors and their immunologic microenvironment is complex, difficult to decipher, but its understanding is of seminal importance for the development of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses tumor-immune interactions in several human cancers that illustrate various aspects of this complexity and proposes an integrated scheme of the impact of local immune reactions on clinical outcome. Current active immunotherapy trials have shown durable tumor regressions in a fraction of patients. However, clinical efficacy of current vaccines is limited, possibly because tumors skew the immune system by means of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inflammatory type 2 T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), all of which prevent the generation of effector cells. To improve the clinical efficacy of cancer vaccines in patients with metastatic disease, we need to design novel and improved strategies that can boost adaptive immunity to cancer, help overcome Tregs and allow the breakdown of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Download or read book Molecular Therapies of Cancer written by Georg F. Weber and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Therapies of Cancer comprehensively covers the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer drug actions in a comparably systematic fashion. While there is currently available a great deal of literature on anti-cancer drugs, books on the subject are often concoctions of invited review articles superficially connected to one another. There is a lack of comprehensive and systematic text on the topic of molecular therapies in cancer. A further deficit in the relevant literature is a progressive sub-specialization that typically limits textbooks on cancer drugs to cover either pharmacology or medicinal chemistry or signal transduction, rather than explaining molecular drug actions across all those areas; Molecular Therapies of Cancer fills this void. The book is divided into five sections: 1. Molecular Targeting of Cancer Cells; 2. Emerging and Alternative Treatment Modalities; 3. Molecular Targeting of Tumor-Host Interactions; 4. Anti-Cancer Drug Pharmacokinetics; and 5. Supportive Therapies.

Download or read book Understanding Pathophysiology written by Sue E. Huether and published by Mosby Incorporated. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This convenient, money saving package is a must have for students! It includes Understanding Pathophysiology, 4th edition and Study Guide and Workbook for Understanding Pathophysiology, 4th edition.