Download or read book Postfire Mortality of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas fir written by James F. Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review focused on the primary literature that described, modeled, or predicted the probability of postfire mortality in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The methods and measurements that were used to predict postfire tree death tended to fall into two general categories: those focusing on measuring important aspects of fire behavior, the indirect but ultimate cause of mortality; and those focusing on tissue damage due to fire, the direct effect of fire on plant organs. Of the methods reviewed in this paper, crown scorch volume was the most effective, easiest to use, and most popular measurement in predicting postfire mortality in both conifer species. In addition to this direct measure of foliage damage, several studies showed the importance and utility of adding a measurement of stem (bole) damage. There is no clear method of choice for this, but direct assessment of cambium condition near the tree base is widely used in Douglas-fir. Only two ponderosa pine studies directly measured fine root biomass changes due to fire, but they did not use these measurements to predict postfire mortality. Indirect measures of fire behavior such as ground char classes may be the most practical choice for measuring root damage. This review did not find clear postfire survivability differences between the two species. The literature also does not show a consistent use of terminology; we propose a standard set of terms and their definitions.

Download or read book Age class Structure of Old Growth Ponderosa Pine Douglas Fir Stands and Its Relationship to Fire History written by Stephen F. Arno and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long Unburned Fire Dependent Forests written by Sharon M. Hood and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. This report synthesizes the literature and current state of knowledge pertaining to re-introducing fire in stands where it has been excluded for long periods and the impact of these introductory fires on overstory tree injury and mortality. Only forested ecosystems in the United States that are adapted to survive frequent fire are included. Treatment options that minimize large-diameter and old tree injury and mortality in areas with deep duff and methods to manage and reduce duff accumulations are discussed. Pertinent background information on tree physiology, properties of duff, and historical versus current disturbance regimes are also discussed. Charts and tables.

Download or read book Eighty eight Years of Change in a Managed Ponderosa Pine Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book First Order Fire Effects Model written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.

Download or read book Old Growth Ponderosa Pine and Western Larch Stand Structures written by Stephen F. Arno and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mitigating Old Tree Mortality in Long Unburned Fire Dependent Forests written by Sharon Hood and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, many forested ecosystems in the United States burned frequently, both from lightning ignited fires and from Native American burning. Frequent fire maintained low fuel loadings and shaped forests composed of tree species adapted to survive low-intensity frequent fire. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests burned as frequently as every 2 to 8 years (Christensen 1981; Frost 1993), and historical records and dendrochronological studies provide evidence that ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz), red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton), and many other forests also burned regularly. In the early 1900s, the United States government initiated a program to suppress all fires, both natural and anthropogenic. Many unintended consequences have resulted from over a century of fire suppression, such as increased tree densities and fuel, increased stress on older trees from competition, and greater risk of bark beetle attacks. These consequences are especially apparent in forests that historically burned frequently and have thus missed many fire cycles.

Download or read book The Seasonal Trends in Moisture Content Ether Extractives and Energy of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas fir Needles written by Charles W. Philpot and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing Post fire Douglas fir Mortality and Douglas fir Beetle Attacks in the Northern Rocky Mountains written by Sharon M. Hood and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Douglas-fir has life history traits that greatly enhance resistance to injury from fire, thereby increasing post-fire survival rates. Tools for predicting the probability of tree mortality following fire are important components of both pre-fire planning and post-fire management efforts. Using data from mixed-severity wildfire in Montana and Wyoming, Hood and Bentz (2007) developed models for predicting the probability of Douglas-fir mortality and Douglas-fir bark beetle attack based on fire injury and stand characteristics. This guide is based on information in Hood and Bentz (2007) and is intended for use in development of post-fire management and prescribed burn plans. Included are descriptions of both models and variables that significantly influence post-fire Douglas-fir mortality and bark beetle attack. A supplemental field guide provides photographs of a range of levels for each fire-related injury and descriptions for measuring each characteristic in the field. Also provided are discussions on how to interpret Douglas-fir mortality and bark beetle attack models for use in management decision-making regarding wild and prescribed fires in the Northern Rocky Mountains.

Download or read book Effects of Fire Insect and Pathogen Damage on Wood Quality of Dead and Dying Western Conifers written by Eini C. Lowell and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Intro.; The Changing Mgmt. Context; Previous Studies on Effects of Disturbance on Wood Quality; After the Fire: Changes in Dead and Dying Conifers; Predicting Conifer Mortality Following Fires; Types of Changes in the Wood of Dead Conifers; Insect Damage to Conifers; Stain and Decay Fungi Damage to Conifers; Factors Influencing the Rate of Deterioration; Species-Specific Changes in Wood Quality of Dead and Dying Conifers; Douglas-Fir; Englemann Spruce and White Spruce; Grand Fir and White Fir; Lodgepole Pine; Ponderosa, Sugar, Western White, and Jeffrey Pine; Subalpine Fir; Western Hemlock; Western Larch; Wood Quality Changes and Econ. Values; Visual Classification Systems; Volume and Value Loss. Conclusions.

Download or read book Historical Wildfire Impacts on Ponderosa Pine Tree Overstories written by Peter F. Ffolliott and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rodeo-Chediski Wildfire--the largest in Arizona's history--damaged or destroyed ecosystem resources and disrupted ecosystem functioning in a largely mosaic pattern throughout the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests exposed to the burn. Impacts of this wildfire on tree overstories were studied for 5 years (2002 to 2007) on two watersheds in the area burned. One watershed was burned by a high severity (stand-replacing) fire, while the other watershed was burned by a low severity (stand-modifying) fire. In this paper, we focus on the effects of the wildfire on stand structures, post-fire mortality of fire-damaged trees, and stocking of tree reproduction. We also present a fire severity classification system based on the fire-damaged tree crowns and a retrospective description of fire behavior on the two burned watersheds.

Download or read book Assessing Post fire Douglas fir Mortality and Douglas fir Beetle Attacks in the Northern Rocky Mountains written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing Post Fire Douglas Fir Mortality and Douglas Fir Beetle Attacks in the Northern Rocky Mountains written by Sharon Hood and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many coniferous species have life history traits and characteristics that greatly enhance their resistance to injury from fire, thereby increasing post-fire survival rates. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco), for example, is known for its fire tolerance, in large part, due to thick insulating bark that develops with age and protects the inner cambium from heat injury. Mortality following fire, however, depends not only on tree species, but also on type and degree of fire-caused injuries, initial tree vigor, and post-fire environment. These same factors may also influence timing of tree death, which can be delayed as long as 4 years post-fire. Within a few months to a few years following fire, bark and wood boring beetles may preferentially attack, and wood deterioration caused by staining, decay pathogens, and/or checking can occur. Parker and others provide an extensive review of interactions between insects and fire (prescribed and wildfire) in coniferous forests of interior western North America. Development of management plans immediately following fire, therefore, can be difficult due to the timing and uncertainty of many interacting factors. Reliable estimates of post-fire Douglas-fir mortality, predicted from field-based characterizations of fire injury, would greatly facilitate informed post-fire management, including salvage, following both mixed-severity wildfires and applications of prescribed fire. Prediction of fire- and beetle-caused delayed tree mortality is also an important component in the development of prescribed burn plan objectives. Managers must know what fire intensity levels are needed to accomplish mortality related objectives. Also, in adaptive management, a key part to determining if burn objectives were met is installation of monitoring plots. By revisiting prescribed burns and monitoring fire effects, future burn prescriptions can be adjusted to better achieve desired results. To do this, field crews must be able to accurately assess post-fire tree injury and the potential for delayed mortality. Fire behavior and effects models, such as the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) and BehavePlus, are available for use in predicting post-fire tree mortality. The tree mortality model in these software packages is based on models developed by Ryan and Reinhardt (1988) and Ryan and Amman (1994). However, this tree mortality model was developed from data for several different tree species. More importantly, this model does not fully account for bark beetle effects on post-fire tree mortality. Douglas-fir bark beetles (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytine) are highly attracted to fire-injured Douglas-fir and can cause significant tree mortality, apart from fire injuries alone. If Douglas-fir beetle populations are a concern following fire, it is important to characterize the fire-related tree injuries most conducive to beetle attack and successful brood production and survival. Hood and Bentz (2007) developed a model to predict the probability of Douglas-fir mortality and one to predict the probability of Douglas-fir beetle attacks within 4 years post-fire based on data collected from three mixed-severity wildfires in western Montana and Wyoming. The intent of this guide is to facilitate use of these models in post-fire management and prescribed burn planning. We note that ecological and economic constraints make forest management following wildfire a complex task. Our models are meant to be used as part of a multidisciplinary strategy aimed at maximizing benefits to post-fire ecological communities and forest management. Following a brief description of the two models, variables significant in predicting post-fire Douglas-fir mortality and Douglas-fir beetle attack are described.

Download or read book General Technical Report RMRS written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Timber Harvest Following Wildfire in Western North America written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis provides an ecological foundation for management of the diverse ecosystems and fire regimes of North America, based on scientific principles of fire interactions with vegetation, fuels, and biophysical processes. Although a large amount of scientific data on fire exists, most of those data have been collected at small spatial and temporal scales. Thus, it is challenging to develop consistent science-based plans for large spatial and temporal scales where most fire management and planning occur. Understanding the regional geographic context of fire regimes is critical for developing appropriate and sustainable management strategies and policy. The degree to which human intervention has modified fire frequency, intensity, and severity varies greatly among different ecosystems, and must be considered when planning to alter fuel loads or implement restorative treatments. Detailed discussion of six ecosystems--ponderosa pine forest (western North America), chaparral (California), boreal forest (Alaska and Canada), Great Basin sagebrush (intermountain West), pine and pine-hardwood forests (Southern Appalachian Mountains), and longleaf pine (Southeastern United States)--illustrates the complexity of fire regimes and that fire management requires a clear regional focus that recognizes where conflicts might exist between fire hazard reduction and resource needs. In some systems, such as ponderosa pine, treatments are usually compatible with both fuel reduction and resource needs, whereas in others, such as chaparral, the potential exists for conflicts that need to be closely evaluated. Managing fire regimes in a changing climate and social environment requires a strong scientific basis for developing fire management and policy. --

Download or read book Effects of Timber Harvest Following Wildfire in Western North America written by David L. Peterson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber harvest following wildfire leads to different outcomes depending on the biophysical setting of the forest, pattern of burn severity, operational aspects of tree removal, and other activities. Postfire logging adds to these effects by removing standing dead trees (snags) and disturbing the soil. The influence of postfire logging depends on the intensity of the fire, intensity of the logging operation, and mgmt. activities such as fuel treatments. Removal of snags reduces long-term fuel loads but generally results in increased amounts of fine fuels for the first few years after logging. Cavity-nesting birds, small mammals, and amphibians may be affected by harvest of standing dead and live trees, with negative effects on most species. Illustrations.

Download or read book Estimating Postfire Changes in Production and Value of Northern Rocky Mountain Intermountain Rangelands written by David Lawrence Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simulation model was developed to estimate postfire changes in the production and value of grazing lands in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain region. Ecological information and management decisions were used to simulate expected changes in production and value after wildfire in six major rangeland types: permanent forested range (ponderosa pine), transitory range (Douglas-fir, larch, lodgepole pine, western white pine), mountain grassland, sagebrush, pinyon-juniper, and western hardwoods. Changes varied widely in quantity and duration among the range types. The largest decrease in net value was calculated for mountain grassland ($7/acre for a 2-year period). The largest increase in net value was calculated for a ponderosa pine sawtimber stand with 100 percent basal area removal ($36/acre for a l50~year period). The estimates calculated in this study should be useful in land and fire management planning in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain area.